0fq1590.bk2.II.vi.0 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.argument.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.argument.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.argument.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.argument.4 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.1.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.1.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.1.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.1.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.1.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.1.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.1.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.1.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.1.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.2.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.2.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.2.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.2.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.2.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.2.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.2.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.2.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.2.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.3.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.3.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.3.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.3.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.3.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.3.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.3.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.3.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.3.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.4.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.4.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.4.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.4.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.4.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.4.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.4.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.4.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.4.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.5.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.5.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.5.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.5.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.5.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.5.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.5.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.5.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.5.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.6.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.6.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.6.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.6.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.6.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.6.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.6.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.6.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.6.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.7.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.7.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.7.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.7.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.7.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.7.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.7.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.7.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.7.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.8.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.8.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.8.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.8.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.8.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.8.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.8.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.8.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.8.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.9.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.9.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.9.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.9.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.9.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.9.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.9.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.9.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.9.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.10.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.10.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.10.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.10.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.10.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.10.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.10.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.10.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.10.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.11.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.11.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.11.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.11.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.11.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.11.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.11.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.11.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.11.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.12.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.12.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.12.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.12.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.12.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.12.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.12.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.12.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.12.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.13.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.13.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.13.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.13.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.13.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.13.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.13.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.13.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.13.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.14.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.14.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.14.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.14.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.14.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.14.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.14.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.14.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.14.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.15.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.15.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.15.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.15.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.15.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.15.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.15.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.15.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.15.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.16.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.16.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.16.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.16.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.16.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.16.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.16.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.16.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.16.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.17.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.17.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.17.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.17.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.17.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.17.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.17.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.17.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.17.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.18.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.18.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.18.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.18.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.18.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.18.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.18.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.18.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.18.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.19.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.19.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.19.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.19.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.19.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.19.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.19.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.19.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.19.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.20.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.20.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.20.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.20.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.20.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.20.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.20.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.20.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.20.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.21.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.21.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.21.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.21.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.21.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.21.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.21.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.21.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.21.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.22.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.22.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.22.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.22.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.22.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.22.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.22.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.22.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.22.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.23.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.23.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.23.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.23.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.23.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.23.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.23.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.23.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.23.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.24.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.24.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.24.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.24.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.24.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.24.6 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5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.29.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.29.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.29.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.29.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.29.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.30.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.30.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.30.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.30.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.30.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.30.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.30.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.30.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.30.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.31.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.31.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.31.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.31.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.31.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.31.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.31.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.31.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.31.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.32.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.32.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.32.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.32.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.32.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.32.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.32.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.32.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.32.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.33.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.33.2 3fq1590.bk2.II.vi.33.3 4fq1590.bk2.II.vi.33.4 5fq1590.bk2.II.vi.33.5 6fq1590.bk2.II.vi.33.6 7fq1590.bk2.II.vi.33.7 8fq1590.bk2.II.vi.33.8 9fq1590.bk2.II.vi.33.9 1fq1590.bk2.II.vi.34.1 2fq1590.bk2.II.vi.34.2 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Cant. VI.
Guyon is of immodest Merth,
led into loose desyre,
Fights with Cymochles, whiles his bro-
ther burnes in furious fyre.
[1]
A Hharder lesson, to learne Continence
In ioyousjoyous pleasure, 1590.bk2.II.vi.1.2. then: thanthenthan in grieuousgrievous paine:
For sweetnesse doth allure the weaker sence
So strongly, that vneathesuneathes it can refraine
From that, which feeble nature couetscovets faine;
But griefe and wrath, that be her enemies,
And foes of life, she better can abſtaineabstainereſtrainerestraine;
Yet vertue vauntes in both hertheir victories,
And Guyon in them all shewes goodly maysteries.
[2]
Whom bold Cymochles traueilingtraveiling to finde,
With cruell purpose bent to wreake on him
The wrath, which Atin kindled in his mind,
Came to a riuerriver, by whose vtmostutmost brim
Wayting to passe, he saw whereas did swim
A longAlong the shore, as swift as glaunce of eye,
A litle Gondelay, bedecked trim
With boughes and arbours wouenwoven cunningly,
That like a litle forrest seemed outwardly.
[3]
And therein sate a Lady fresh and fayre,
Making sweete solace to herselfe alone;
Sometimes she song, as lowd as larke in ayre,
Sometimes she laught, as merry as Pope IoneJonethat nigh her breth was gonethat nigh her breath was gone,
Yet was there not with her else any one,
That to her mightThat might to her mouemove cause of meriment:
Matter of merth enough, though there were none
She could deuisedevise, and thousand waies inuentinvent,
To feede her foolish humour, and vaine iollimentjolliment.
[4]
Which when far 1590.bk2.II.vi.4.1. of: offofoff Cymochles heard, and saw,
He lowdly cald to such, as were abord,
The little barke vntounto the shore to draw,
And him to ferry ouerover that deepe ford:
The merry mariner vntounto his word
Soone hearkned, and her painted bote streightway
Turnd to the shore, where that same warlike Lord
She in receiu’dreceiv’d; but Atin by no way
She would admit, albe the knight her much did pray.
[5]
Eftsoones her shallow ship away did slide,
More swift, 1590.bk2.II.vi.5.2. then: thanthenthan swallow sheres the liquid skye,
Withouten oare or Pilot it to guide,
Or winged canuascanvas with the wind to fly,
Onely she turnd a pin, and by and by
It cut away vponupon the yielding wauewave,
Ne cared she her course for to apply:
For it was taught the way, which she would hauehave,
And both from rocks and flats it selfe could wisely sauesave.
[6]
And all the way, the wanton Damsell found
New merth, her passenger to entertaine:
For she in pleasaunt purpose did abound,
And greatly ioyedjoyed merry tales to faine,
Of which a store-house did with her remaine,
Yet seemed, nothing well they her became;
For all her wordes she drownd with laughter vaine,
And wanted grace in vtt’ringutt’ring of the same,
That turned all her pleasaunce to a scoffing game.
[7]
And other whiles vaine toyes she would deuizedevize,
As her fantasticke wit did most delight,
Sometimes her head she fondly would aguize
With gaudy girlonds, or fresh flowrets dight
About her necke, or rings of rushes plight;
Sometimes to do him laugh, she would assay
To laugh at shaking ofoff the leauesleaves light,
Or to behold the water worke, and play
About her little frigot, therein making way.
[8]
Her light behauiourbehaviour, and loose dalliaunce
GaueGave wondrous great contentment to the knight,
That of his way he had no souenauncesovenaunce,
Nor care of vow’d reuengerevenge, and cruell fight,
But to weake wench did yield his martiall might.
So easie was to quench his flamed minde
With one sweete drop of sensuall delight.
So easie is, t’appease the stormy winde
Of malice in the calme of pleasaunt womankind.
[9]
DiuerseDiverse discourses in their way they spent,
Mongst which Cymochles of her questioned,
Both what she was, and what that vsageusage ment,
Which in her cott she daily practized.
Vaine man (saide she) that wouldest be reckoned
A straunger in thy home, and ignoraunt
Of Phædria (for so my name is red)
Of Phædria, thine owne fellow seruauntservaunt;
For thou to serueserve Acrasia thy selfe doest vaunt.
[10]
In this wide Inland sea, that hight by name
The Idle lake, my wandring ship I row,
That knowes her port, and thether sayles by ayme,
Ne care, ne feare I, how the wind do blow,
Or whether swift I wend, or whether slow:
Both slow and swift alike do serueserve my tourne,
Ne swelling Neptune, ne lowd thundring IoueJove
Can chaunge my cheare, or make me euerever mourne;
My little boat can safely passe this perilous bourne.
[11]
Whiles thus she talked, and whiles thus she toyd,
They were far past the passage, which he spake,
And come vntounto an Island, waste and voyd,
That floted in the midst of that great lake,
There her small Gondelay her port did make,
And that gay payre issewing on the shore
Disburdned her. Their way they forward take
Into the land, that lay them faire before,
Whose pleasaunce she him shewd, and plentifull great store.
[12]
It was a chosen plott of fertile land,
Emongst wide waueswaves sett, like a litle nest,
As if it had by Natures cunning hand,
Bene choycely picked out from all the rest,
And laid forth for ensample of the best:
No dainty flowre or herbe, that growes on grownd,
No arborett with painted blossomes drest,
And smelling sweete, but there it might be fownd
To bud out faire, &and throwe her ſweete ſmelsthrowe her sweete smels her ſweet ſmels throwher sweet smels throw her ſweet ſmels throweher sweet smels throwe al arownd.
[13]
No tree, whose braunches did not brauelybravely spring;
No braunch, whereon a fine bird did not sitt:
No bird, but did her shrill notes sweetely sing;
No song but did containe a louelylovely ditt:
Trees, braunches, birds, and songs were framed fitt,
For to allure fraile mind to carelesse ease.
Carelesse the man soone woxe, and his weake witt
Was ouercomeovercome of thing, that did him please;
So pleased, did his wrathfull purpose faire appease.
[14]
Thus when shee had his eyes and sences fed
With false delights, and fild with pleasures vayn,
Into a shady dale she soft him led,
And laid him downe vponupon a grassy playn;
And her sweete selfe without dread, or disdayn,
She sett beside, laying his head disarmd
In her loose lap, it softly to sustayn,
Where soone he slumbred fearing not be harmd,
The whils with a loueloveloud lay she thus him sweetly charmd.
[15]
Behold, O man, that toilesome paines doest take
The flowrs, the fields, and all that pleasaunt growes,
How they them seluesselves doe thine ensample make,
Whiles nothing enuiousenvious nature them forth throwes
Out of her fruitfull lap; how, no manhow noman knowes,
They spring, they bud, they blossome fresh and faire,
And decke the world with their rich põpouspompous showes;
Yet no man for them taketh paines or care,
Yet no man to them can his carefull paines compare.
[16]
The lilly, Lady of the flowring field,
The flowre deluce, her louelylovely Paramoure,
Bid thee to them thy fruitlesse labors yield,
And soone leaueleave off this toylsome weary stoure;
Loe loe how brauebrave she decks her bounteous boure,
With silkin curtens and gold couerlettscoverletts,
Therein to shrowd her sumptuous Belamoure,
Yet nether spinnes nor cards, ne cares nor fretts,
But to her mother Nature all her care she letts.
[17]
Why then doest thou, O man, that of them all
Art Lord, and eke of nature SoueraineSoveraine,
Wilfully make thy selfe a wretched thrall,
And waste thy ioyousjoyous howres in needelesse paine,
Seeking for daunger and aduenturesadventures vaine?
What bootes it al to hauehave, and nothing vseuse?
Who shall him rew, that swimming in the maine,
Will die for thrist, and water doth refuse?
Refuse such fruitlesse toile, and present pleasures chuse.
[18]
By this she had him lulled fast a sleepeasleepe,
That of no wordlyworldly thing he care did take;
Then she with liquors strong his eies did steepe,
That nothing should him hastily awake:
So she him lefte, and did her selfe betake
VntoUnto her boat again, with which she clefte
The slouthfull wauewave of that great grieſygriesy grieſ⁀lygriesly lake;
Soone shee that Island far behind her lefte,
And now is come to that same place, where first she wefte.
[19]
By this time was the worthy Guyon brought
VntoUnto the other side of that wide strond,
Where she was rowing, and for passage sought:
Him needed not long call, shee soone to hond
Her ferry brought, where him she byding fond,
With his sad guide; him selfe she tooke a boord,
But the Blacke Palmer suffred still to stond,
Ne would for price, or prayers once affoord,
To ferry that old man ouerover the perlous foord.
[20]
Guyon was loath to leaueleave his guide behind,
Yet being entred, might not backe retyre;
For the flitt barke, obaying to her mind,
Forth launched quickly, as she did desire,
Ne gauegave him leaueleave to bid that aged sire
Adieu, but nimbly ran her wonted course
Through the dull billowes thicke as troubled mire,
Whom nether wind out of their seat could forse,
Nor timely tides did driuedrive out of their sluggish sourse.
[21]
And by the way, as was her wonted guize,
Her mery fitt shee freshly gan to reare,
And did of ioyjoy and iollityjollity deuizedevize,
Her selfe to cherish, and her guest to cheare:
The knight was courteous, and did not forbeare
Her honest merth and pleasaunce to partake;
But when he saw her toy, and gibe, and geare,
And passe the bonds of modest merimake,
Her dalliaunce he despisd, and follies did forsake.
[22]
Yet she still followed her former style,
And said, and did all thatthar mote him delight,
Till they arriuedarrived in that pleasaunt Ile,
Where sleeping late she lefte her other knight.
But whenas Guyon of that land had sight,
He wist him selfe amisse, and angry said;
Ah Dame, perdy ye hauehave not doen me right,
Thus to mislead mee, whiles I you obaid:
Me litle needed from my right way to hauehave straid.
[23]
Faire Sir (qd.quoth she) be not displeasd at all;
Who fares on sea, may not commaund his way,
Ne wind and weather at his pleasure call:
The sea is wide, and easy for to stray;
The wind vnstableunstable, and doth neuernever stay.
But here a while ye may in safety rest,
Till season serueserve new passage to assay;
Better safe port, 1590.bk2.II.vi.23.8. then: thanthenthan be in seas distrest.
Therewith she laught, and did her earnest end in iestjest.
[24]
But he halfe discontent, mote nathelesse
Himselfe appease, and issewd forth on shore:
The ioyesjoyes whereof, and happy fuitfulnesse,
Such as he saw, she gan him lay before,
And all though pleasaunt, yet she made much more:
The fields did laugh, the flowres did freshly spring,
The trees did bud, and early blossomes bore,
And all the quire of birds did sweetly sing,
And told that gardins pleasures in their caroling.
[25]
And she more sweete, 1590.bk2.II.vi.25.1. then: thanthenthan any bird on bough,
Would oftentimes emongst them beare a part,
And striuestrive to passe (as she could well enough)
Their natiuenative musicke by her skilful art:
So did she all, that might his constant hart
Withdraw from thought of warlike enterprize,
And drowne in dissolute delights apart,
Where noise of armes, or vew of martiall guize
Might not reuiuerevive desire of knightly exercize.
[26]
But he was wise, and wary of her will,
And euerever held his hand vponupon his hart:
Yet would not seeme so rude, and thewed ill,
As to despise so curteous seeming part,
That gentle Lady did to him impart,
But fairly tempring fond desire subdewd,
And euerever her desired to depart.
She list not heare, but her disports poursewd,
And euerever bad him stay, till time the tide renewd.
[27]
And now by this, Cymochles howre was spent,
That he awoke out of his ydle dreme,
And shaking off his drowsy dreriment,
Gan him auizeavize, howe ill did him beseme,
In slouthfull sleepe his molten hart to steme,
And quench the brond of his conceiuedconceived yre.
Tho vpup he started, stird with shame extreme,
Ne staied for his Damsell to inquire,
But marched to the Strond, theretheir passage to require.
[28]
And in the way he with Sir Guyon mett,
Accompanyde with Phædria the faire,faire:
Eftsoones he gan to rage, and inly frett,
Crying, Let be that Lady debonairebebonairedebonaire,
Thou recreaunt knight, and soone thy selfe prepaire
To batteile, if thou meane her louelove to gayn:
Loe, loe already, how the fowles in aire
Doe flocke, awaiting shortly to obtayn
Thy carcas for their pray, the guerdon of thy payn.
[29]
And therewith all he fiersly at him flew,
And with importuneimportanceimportant outrage him assayld;
Who soone prepard to field, his sword forth drew,
And him with equall valew counteruayldcountervayld:
Their mightie strokes their haberieonshaberjeons dismayld,
And naked made each others manly spalles;
The mortall steele despiteously entayld
Deepe in their flesh, quite through the yron walles,
That a large purple stream adown their giambeux falles.falles
[30]
CymoclesCymochles, that had neuernever mett beforebefore,
So puissant foe, with enuiousenvious despight
His prowd presumed force increased more,
Disdeigning to bee held so long in fight;
Sir Guyon grudging not so much his might,
As those vnknightlyunknightly raylinges, which he spoke,
With wrathfull fire his corage kindled bright,
Thereof deuisingdevising shortly to be wroke,
And doubling all his powres, redoubled eueryevery stroke.
[31]
Both of them high attonce their hands enhaunst,
And both attonce their huge blowes down did sway;
Cymochles sword on Guyons shield yglaunst,
And thereof nigh one quarter sheard away;
But Guyons angry blade so fiers did play
On th’others helmett, which as Titan shone,
That quite it cloueclove his plumed crest in tway,
And bared all his head vntounto the bone;
Wherewith astonisht, still he stood, as sencelesse stone.
[32]
Still as he stood, fayre Phædria, that beheld
That deadly daunger, soone atweene them ran;
And at their feet her selfe most humbly feld,
Crying with pitteous voyce, and count’nance wan;
Ah well away, most noble Lords, how can
Your cruell eyes endure so pitteous sight,
To shed your liueslives on ground? wo worth the man,
That first did teach the cursed steele to bight
In his owne flesh, and make way to the liuingliving spright.
[33]
If euerever louelove of Lady did empierce
Your yron brestes, or pittie could find place,
Withhold your bloody handes from battaill fierce,
And sith for me ye fight, to me this grace
Both yield, to stay your deadly stryfe a space.
They stayd a while: and forth she gan proceed:
Most wretched woman, and of wicked race,
That am the authour of this hainous deed,
And cause of death betweene two doughtie knights do breed.
[34]
But if for me ye fight, or me will serueserve,
Not this rude kynd of battaill, nor these armes
Are meet, the which doe men in bale to steruesterve,
And doolefull sorrow heape with deadly harmes:
Such cruell game my scarmoges disarmes:
Another warre, and other weapons I
Doe louelove, where louelove does giuegive his sweet Alarmes,
Without bloodshed, and where the enimy
Does yield vntounto his foe a pleasaunt victory.
[35]
Debatefull strife, and cruell enmity
The famous name of knighthood fowly shend;
But louelylovely peace, and gentle amity,
And in Amours the passing howres to spend,
The mightie martiall handes doe most commend;
Of louelove they euerever greater glory bore,
1590.bk2.II.vi.35.7. Then: ThanThenThan of their armes: Mars is Cupidoes frend,
And is for Venus louesloves renowmed more,
1590.bk2.II.vi.35.9. Then: ThanThenThan all his wars and spoiles, the which he did of yore.
[36]
Therewith she sweetly smyld. They though full bent,
To proueprove extremities of bloody fight,
Yet at her speach their rages gan relent,
And calme the sea of their tempestuous spight,
Such powre hauehave pleasing wordes: such is the might
Of courteous clemency in gentle hart.
Now after all was ceast, the Faery knight
Besought that Damzell suffer him depart,
And yield him ready passage to that other part.
[37]
She no lesse glad, 1590.bk2.II.vi.37.1. then: thanthenthan he desirous was
Of his departure thence; for of her ioyjoy
And vaine delight she saw he light did pas,
A foe of folly and immodest toy,
Still solemne sad, or still disdainfull coy,
Delighting all in armes and cruell warre,
That her sweet peace and pleasures did annoy,
Troubled with terrour and vnquietunquiet iarrejarre,
That she well pleased was thence to amoueamove him farre.
[38]
Tho him she brought abord, and her swift bote
Forthwith directed to that further strand;
The which on the dull waueswaves did lightly flote
And soone arriuedarrived on the shallow sand,
Where gladsome Guyon salied forth to land,
And to that Damsell thankes gauegave for reward.
VponUpon that shore he spyed Atin stand,
Thereby his maister left, when late he far’d
In Phædrias flitt barck ouerover that perlous shard.
[39]
Well could he him remember, sith of late
He with Pyrrhochles sharp debatement made;
Streight gan he him reuylerevyle, and bitter rate,
As ShepheardsShepheardesſ⁀hepheards curre, that in darke eueningeseveninges euenigeseveniges eueningsevenings shade
Hath tracted forth some saluagesalvage beastes trade;
Vile Miscreaunt (said he) whether dost thou flye
The shame and death, which will thee soone inuadeinvade?
What coward hand shall doe thee next to dye,
That art thus fowly fledd from famous enimy?
[40]
With that he stifly shooke his steelhead dart:
But sober Guyon, hearing him so rayle,
Though somewhat mouedmoved in his mightie hart,
Yet with strong reason maistred passion fraile,
And passed fayrely forth. He turning taile,
Backe to the strond retyrd, and there still stayd,
Awaiting passage, which him late did faile;
The whiles Cymochles with that wanton mayd
The hasty heat of his auowdavowd reuengerevenge delayd.delayd
[41]
Whylest there the varlet stood, he saw from farre
An armed knight, that towardes him fast ran,
He ran on foot, as if in lucklesse warre
His forlorne steed from him the victour wan;
He seemed breathlesse, hartlesse, faint, and wan,
And all his armour sprinckled was with blood,
And soyld with durtie gore, that no man can
Discerne the hew thereof. He neuernever stood,
But bent his hastie course towardes the ydle flood.
[42]
The varlett saw, when to the flood he came,
How without stop or stay he fiersly lept,
And deepe him selfe beducked in the same,
That in the lake his loftie crest was stept,
Ne of his safetie seemed care he kept,
But with his raging armes he rudely flasht,
The waueswaves about, and all his armour swept,
That all the blood and filth away was washt,
Yet still he bet the water, and the billowes dasht.
[43]
Atin drew nigh, to weet, what it mote bee;
For much he wondred at that vncouthuncouth sight;
Whom should he, but his own deare Lord, there see,
His owne deare Lord Pyrrhochles, in sad plight,
Ready to drowne him selfe for fell despight.
Harrow now out, and well awayweal-away, he cryde,
What dismall day hath lent hisbut this histhis cursed light,
To see my Lord so deadly damnifyde
Pyrrhochles, O Pyrrhochles, what is thee betyde?
[44]
I burne, I burne, I burne, then lowd he cryde,
O how I burne with implacable fyre,
Yet nought can quench mine inly flaming syde,
Nor sea of licour cold, nor lake of myre,
Nothing but death can doe me to respyre.
Ah be it (said he) from Pyrrhochles farre
After pursewing death once to requyre,
Or think, that ought those puissant hands may marre:marre
Death is for wretches borne vnderunder vnhappyunhappy starre.
[45]
Perdye, then is it fitt for me (said he)
That am, I weene, most wretched man aliuealive,
BurningBut in flames, yet no flames can I see,
And dying dayly, dayly yet reuiuerevive:
O Atin, helpe to me last death to giuegive.
The varlet at his plaint was grieuedgrieved so sore,
That his deepe wounded hart in two did riuerive,
And his owne health remembring now no more,
Did follow that ensample, which he blam’d afore.
[46]
Into the lake he lept, his Lord to ayd,
(So LoueLove the dread of daunger doth despise)
And of him catching hold him strongly stayd
From drowning. But more happy he, 1590.bk2.II.vi.46.4. then: thanthenthan wise
Of that seas nature did him not auiseavise.
The waueswaves thereof so slow and sluggish were,
Engrost with mud, which did them fowle agrise,
That eueryevery weighty thing they did vpbeareupbeare,
Ne ought mote euerever sinck downe to the bottom there.
[47]
Whiles thus they strugled in that ydle wauewave,
And strouestrove in vaine, the one him selfe to drowne,
The other both from drowning for to sauesave,
Lo, to that shore one in an auncient gowne,
Whose hoary locks great grauitiegravitie did crowne,
Holding in hand a goodly arming sword,
By fortune came, ledd with the troublous sowne:
Where drenched deepe he fownd in that dull ford
The carefull seruauntservaunt, stryuingstryving with his raging Lord.
[48]
Him Atin spying, knew right well of yore,
And lowdly cald, Help helpe, O Archimage;Archimage,
To sauesave my Lord, in wretched plight forlore;
Helpe with thy hand, or with thy counsell sage:
Weake handes, but counsell is most strong in age.
Him when the old man ſaw,man saw, man, ſawman, saw he woundred sore,
To see Pyrrhochles there so rudely rage:
Yet sithens helpe, he saw, he needed more
1590.bk2.II.vi.48.9. Then: ThanThenThan pitty, he in hast approched to the shore.
[49]
And cald, Pyrrhochles, what is this, I see?
What hellish fury hath at earst thee hent?
Furious euerever I thee knew to bee,
Yet neuernever in this straunge astonishment.
These flames, these flames (he cryde) do me torment.
What flames (qd.quoth he) when I thee present see,
In daunger rather to be drent, 1590.bk2.II.vi.49.7. then: thanthenthan brent?
Harrow, the flames, which me consume (said hee)
Ne can be quencht, within my secret bowelles bee.
[50]
That cursed man, that cruel feend of hell,
Furor, oh Furor hath me thus bedight:
His deadly woundes within my liuerliverliuerslivers swell,
And his whott fyre burnes in mine entralles bright,
Kindled through his infernall brond of spight,
Sith late with him I batteill vaine would boste,
That now I weene IouesJoves dreaded thunder light
Does scorch not halfe so sore, nor damned ghoste
In flaming Phlegeton does not so felly roste.
[51]
Which when as Archimago heard, his griefe
He knew right well, and him attonce disarmd:
Then searcht his secret woundes, and made a priefe
Of eueryevery place, that was with bruzing harmd,
Or with the hidden fier inlyfire too inly warmd.
Which doen, he balmes and herbes thereto applyde,
And euermoreevermore with mightie spels them charmd,
That in short space he has them qualifyde,
And him restor’d to helth, that would hauehave algates dyde.
1. immodest: lewd
1. Continence: self-restraint
4. vneathes: not easily
5. faine: eagerly
7. Gondelay: Gondola
3. barke: ship
6. painted: artificially colored
2. liquid: transparent
5. pin: wooden peg
7. apply: steer
1. wanton: frivolous
3. purpose: conversation
4. faine: fashion
1. toyes: flirtatious behaviors
3. aguize: deck
5. plight: braided
9. frigot: frigate, a small light ship built for speed
3. souenaunce: memory
7. swelling Neptune . . . thundring Ioue: waves . . . storms
3. waste and voyd: uncultivated and uninhabited
7. arborett: little tree
4. ditt: words for music
2. fild: filled or defiled
9. charmd: From Lcarminasong.
7. pompous: magnificent, full of pomp
4. stoure: turmoil
8. thrist: thirst (by metathesis)
9. wefte: wafted, i.e. sailed
2. strond: strand, i.e. the shore
6. sad: serious
3. flitt: swift
1. guize: conduct
2. reare: begin
3. iollity: pleasure, with sexual connotation
7. gibe: taunt
7. geare: jeer
8. bonds: boundaries
1. mote: must
8. martiall guize: armor
3. thewed: mannered
4. part: ‘a piece of conduct, an act’ (OED)
5. steme: steam
3. prepard to field: prepared for combat
4. valew: valor
6. spalles: shoulders
7. entayld: carved or engraved
9. giambeux: leg-armor
5. grudging: aggrieved by
8. wroke: vindicated from or avenged for
1. enhaunst: raised
2. sway: swing
3. feld: cast down.
7. wo worth: woe unto
7. race: descent
8. authour: source, cause
3. in bale to sterue: to die in grief
5. scarmoges: skirmishes
7. Alarmes: calls to ‘arms’
2. shend: disgrace
5. commend: grace or adorn
6. clemency: mildness
9. that other part: the farther shore of the lake
3. he light did pas: he regarded lightly
5. coy: modest, reserved
9. That: i.e. so that
5. salied: jumped
9. shard: gap
5. tracted . . . trade: tracked . . . path, footprints
7. inuade: assail
4. stept: steeped
9. bet: beat
7. dismall: evil or cursed
8. damnifyde: injured; damned
7. Engrost: thickened
7. agrise: horrify
6. arming: belonging to the armor of a knight
2. hath at earst thee hent: has seized you now
9. secret bowelles: the hidden recesses of the body cavity
2. bedight: treated
9. felly: fiercely
3. priefe: proof, test
8. qualifyde: tempered, moderated
1.7.abſtaineabstaine] 1590; reſtrainerestraine1596, 1609;
1.8.her] 1590; their1596, 1609;
3.4. as merry as Pope IoneJone] 1590; that nigh her breth was gone1596; that nigh her breath was gone1609;
3.6.That to her might] 1590; That might to her1596, 1609;
7.7.of] 1596, 1609; off1590;
12.9. throwe her ſweete ſmelsthrowe her sweete smels ] 1590; her ſweet ſmels throwher sweet smels throw 1596; her ſweet ſmels throweher sweet smels throwe 1609;
14.9.louelove] 1590; loud1596, 1609;
15.5.how, no man] 1596, 1609; how noman1590;
18.2.wordly] 1590; worldly1596, 1609;
18.7. grieſygriesy ] 1590; grieſ⁀lygriesly 1596, 1609;
22.2.that] 1596, 1609; thar1590;
27.9.there] 1609; their1590, 1596;
28.2.faire,] 1590, 1596; faire:1609;
28.4.debonaire] state 2; bebonaire state 1; debonaire1596, 1609;
29.2.importune] 1590; importance1596; important1609;
29.9.falles.] 1596, 1609; falles1590;
30.1.Cymocles] 1590; Cymochles1596, 1609;
30.1.before] 1609; before,1590, 1596;
39.4.Shepheards] state 2; Shepheardes state 1; ſ⁀hepheards1596, 1609;
39.4.eueningeseveninges] state 2; euenigeseveniges state 1; eueningsevenings 1596, 1609;
40.9.delayd.] 1596, 1609; delayd1590;
43.6.well away] 1590, 1596; weal-away1609;
43.7.his] this edn.; but this his1590; this1596, 1609;
44.8.marre:] 1596, 1609; marre1590;
45.3.Burning] 1590, 1609; But1596;
48.2.Archimage;] 1596, 1609; Archimage,1590;
48.6. man ſaw,man saw, ] 1590FE, 1596, 1609; man, ſawman, saw 1590;
50.3.liuerliver] 1609; liuerslivers1590, 1596;
51.5.fier inly] 1590; fire too inly1596, 1609;
1 immodest: From L modus measure, by way of immodestus excessive, immoderate. See 37.4 for the only other use in the poem.
1.1 St. 1 Paraphrasing Nic Eth 2.3, to the effect that pleasure is harder to resist than anger. Aristotle adds that both art and virtue address themselves to what is difficult, since the greater the difficulty, the greater the success. The analogy between art and virtue is especially resonant for FQ.
1.1 Continence: The ability to ‘contain’ appetites and impulses. In Aristotle, ευκραςια eukrasia. Cf. akrasia in i.51.2-4n.
1.7 abstaine: Transitive use is unusual, according to OED ‘probably a literary imitation of the trans. use of L abstinere’. It means either that ‘feeble nature’ can hold her enemies at bay or that she can keep herself away from them. The 1596 reading, ‘restraine’, is more conventional and less equivocal.
2.1 St. 2-19 Some narrative details in this episode derive from OI; see Var 2.240-41; Kostic, Spenser’s Sources 272-80 and 368.
2.7 Gondelay: A light skiff with cabin amidships, rising to a point on each end.
2.8 arbours: Vines or shrubs trained on a lattice or other framework.
3.4 Pope Ione: Legendary medieval figure reported to have held the papacy in the 9th century while disguised as a man. Cf. Boccaccio, De mulieribus claris CI, De Iohanna anglica papa (‘Joan, an Englishwoman and Pope’). The phrase as merry as Pope Joan was proverbial (Smith 1970, no. 529); Foxe, quoting the proverb, associates its mirth with ‘the pleasures of Venus, Bacchus, and Ceres’ (Actes 1583, 159). Pope Joan was invoked often by anti-Catholic polemicists in the 16th century, but in 1587 the French antiquary de Raemond debunked the legend using methods of humanist textual scholarship, and by 1596 Spenser has replaced this proverb with the phrase ‘that nigh her breth was gone’.
3.7–3.9 3.7-9 Cf. Aristotle’s disapproval of vacuous laughter at Nic Eth 4.8.
5.1 St. 5 Echoing Homer on the ships of the Phaecians, which ‘have no pilots, nor steering-oars . . but of themselves understand the thoughts and minds of men’ (ου γαρ Φαιηκεσσι κυβερνητηρες εασιν, / ουδετι πηδαλι’ εστι, τα τ᾽ αλλαι νηες εχουσιν: / αλλ᾽ αυται ισασι νοηματα και φρενας ανδρων; on gar phaiēkessi kybernētēres easin, / oudeti pēdali’ esti, ta t’ allai nēes echousin: / all’ autai isasi noēmata kai phrenas andrōn, Od 8.557-9). Similar boats appear in OF 30.11 and GL 14.57-65.
5.2 liquid: As a modifier for air or sky, a distinctively Spenserian usage, following poetic use of L liquidus by Virgil, Horace, and other Roman authors.
5.7 apply: From nautical senses of L applicare ‘to bring (a ship to a destination), to land’ (OED).
6.1 wanton: Implying a promiscuity not limited to sex.
6.3 purpose: ‘That which is propounded; a proposition, a question, an argument; a riddle’ (OED). Phaedria’s purpose lacks, as it were, purpose.
6.4 merry tales: A phrase that appears in the titles of popular jestbooks like Merie tales by Skelton, one of four volumes Spenser lent Gabriel Harvey in 1578.
6.4 faine: From L fingere to shape or pretend.
8.3 souenaunce: From L subvenīre to come into the mind.
8.8–8.9 8.8-9 Cf. the role of Medina at ii.27-32.
9.3 and what that vsage ment: cf. I.iii.32.8, ‘what the Lyon ment’.
9.4 cott: ‘A small roughly-made boat, used on the rivers and lakes of Ireland; a “dug-out”’ (OED).
9.7 Phædria: From Gk φαιδρος phaidros glittering, cheerful; cf. arg.1. Familiar from Euripides, Seneca, Ovid, Virgil, and Renaissance mythographers as the name of the ‘wanton stepdame’ (I.v.37.5) whose destructive passion led to the death of the chaste Hippolytus.
10.2 Idle lake: Cf. Gen 14:3, ‘the salte Sea’, for which the Geneva gloss reads: ‘Called also dead Sea, or the lake Asphaltite nere unto Sodom and Gomorah’. Joseph Wybarn in 1609 seems to be making this connection when he refers to those who have ‘drowned themselves in the dead sea of pleasure’; a marginal gloss beside the phrase refers readers to ‘The Legend of Phaedria in the 2. booke of the Faeyerie Queene’ (Sp All, 120).
11.3 waste and voyd: Cf. 11.9-12.1 for its fertility.
11.4 floted: Cf. Conti Myth 9.6 on the island of Delos as instabilis per illud tempus, sub vndis forte e delitescebat (‘unstable and at that time as it happened hidden under the waves’; 273.33); also Aen 3.73-77, and Met 6.189-91. Other classical references to floating islands are found in Homer, Herodotus, Pindar, Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger, Hyginus, and Lucian. Early maps show floating ‘Isles of St. Brandan’ in various parts of the Atlantic, and European navigators went in search of them. See Hereford Mappa Mundi, Richard of Haldingham (1280); Paolo Toscanelli’s World Map (1476); Erdapfel globe, Martin Behaim (1492); one helpful source is Peter De Roo’s History of America Before Columbus According to Documents and Approved Authors; J.B. Lippencott Company; 1900; the first chapter of the second volume is completely dedicated to the legend and history of the islands.
12.1–12.2 12.1-2 Cicero, in de Oratore, imagines Odysseus, when Calypso and Circe offer him immortality, declaring his preference for ut Ithacam illiam in asperrimis saxulis, tamquam nidulum (‘that Ithaca of his, lodged like a tiny nest upon the roughest of small crags’; I.196); cf. Od 9.29-36. Transferred to a simulacrum of the Bower of Bliss, the simile insinuates the locale’s seductive allure as a false image of the home one longs for.
12.6–12.7 12.6-7 Initiates a series extending into st. 13 that inventories the bounty of the island entirely through negation. Cf. Gen 2:5: ‘And every plant of the fielde, before it was in the earth, and every herbe of the field, before it grewe’.
12.7 arborett: The first recorded use in OED.
13.1 St. 13 Cited by Robert Alott in England’s Parnassus (1600) as an example of ‘the choysest Flowers of our Modern Poets’ (475). The first six lines had been adopted by Thomas Watson in 1593 for The Tears of Fancie (51).
13.4 ditt: From ME ‘dite’ (something written) by association with ‘ditty’ (song).
14.6 head disarmd: Literally unhelmeted, but the comical pun calls attention to the idea that Cymochles’ mind is defenseless.
14.8 fearing not be harmd: Ellipsis for ‘not t’ be harmd’, with the contraction assimilated to the final ‘t’ in ‘not’.
15.1 St. 15-17 Phaedria’s song mingles allusions to classical, Biblical, and Italian precedents, including the Lotus-eaters in Od 9, Gen 3:10, Matt 6:25-34, and the Siren’s lullaby to Rinaldo in Tasso (GL 14.62-64).
15.1–15.3 15.1-3 ‘O man, who takes toilsome pains, behold how the flowers, etc., make themselves an example to you’.
15.4–15.5 15.4-5 ‘While nature, not at all envious, throws them forth out of her fruitful lap’.
16.2 E.K. glosses flowre deluce as ‘Flowre delice, that which they use to misterme, Flowre de luce, being in Latine called Flos delitiarum’ (SC Apr 144). L deliciae delights, charms.
16.3 to them . . . yield: I.e., ‘yield to their example’.
16.9 16.9 ‘She leaves all the worrying to Mother Nature’.
17.1–17.2 17.1-2 Echoing Ps 8:6-8, to which the Geneva gloss reads, ‘By the temporal gifts of mans creation he is led to consider the benefites which he hathe by his regeneration through Christ’.
17.7 Who shall him rew, that: ‘Who is going to pity the man that’.
18.2 worldly: 1596 ‘worldly’, of which wordly is an archaic form, as in Skelton’s phrase ‘wordly wondre’ (Vox Populi xi.38).
18.7 slouthfull: Echoing its root-word ‘slow’.
18.7 griesy: 1596 ‘griesly’. Related forms, both similar to the modern ‘grisly’, horrible; in context (cf. slouthfull), 1590 also puns on ‘greasy’. Cf. agrise at 46.7.
19.5 where him she byding fond: ‘Where she found him waiting’.
19.6 tooke a boord: In colloquial use, ‘sexually accommodated’.
19.7–19.9 19.7-9 Cf. 4.8-9, ‘but Atin by no way / She would admit, albe the knight her much did pray’. Phaedria’s gondola responds to her wishes, suggesting that her motions are self-willed (see st. 10); hence Guyon’s ‘guide’ (20.1) must be excluded. Cf. xii.3.1, where the Boatman rowing Guyon and the Palmer to Acrasia’s island bids the Palmer ‘stere aright’.
20.3 obaying to her mind: See st. 5n.
21.1 guize: Cf. ‘style’ at 22.1.
23.2–23.5 23.2-5 Cf. what the narrator says about winds and tides at 20.8-9, and Phaedria’s own comments on her navigation at 10.2-9.
24.6 fields did laugh: Cf. Ps 65:13, where pastures and valleys ‘showte for joye, and sing’ because they are covered with sheep and corn; the Geneva gloss adds, ‘That is, the dumme creatures shall not onely reioyce for a time for Gods benefites, but shal continually sing’. For discussion of this echo and comparison of eight different English translations of the Biblical passage, see Shaheen (1976: 52, 190-91). Cf. Petrarch’s phrase Ridono i prati (RS 310.5, ‘the meadows laugh’), Lucretius’ invocation to Venus in De Rerum, tibi suavis daedala tellus / summittit flores, tibi rident equora ponti (‘for you the wonder-working earth puts forth sweet flowers, for you the wide stretches of ocean laugh’; 1.7-8), and Arthur’s memory of the day he dreamed of Gloriana: ‘The fields, the floods, the heavens with one consent / Did seeme to laugh on me, and favour mine intent’ (I.ix.12.8-9).
25.4 natiue musicke . . . skilful art: Yet another intertwining of ‘natural’ beauty with (potentially malicious) artifice.
26.2 26.2 Hamilton 2001 suggests plausibly that Guyon’s ‘posture declares his control over the fountain of affections’. John Bulwer in Chirologia (1644) catalogues the hand upon the heart as gesture LII, Conscienter affirmo, glossing it as a token of ‘sincere asseveration’ (88-89).
27.5 steme: OED cites this as the sole instance in which the sense ‘to emit, send out in the form of vapor’ is used figuratively to mean ‘evaporate’. Hamilton 2001 suggests ‘steep’ or ‘dissolve in steam,’ implying that ‘steme’ works with ‘quench’ in the next line to portray the ‘molten heart’, plunged into a cold bath of sloth, expending its heat in steam.
28.7–28.9 28.7-9 Echoing Deut 28:26, ‘And thy carkeis shal be meat unto all foules of the ayre’, one of the ‘threatenings’ levelled against those who defy the Mosaic law. The Geneva gloss stresses that the disobedient will be ‘cursed bothe in thy life and in thy death’ because the burial here denied is a ‘testimonie of the resurrection’. Cf. also the taunts between David and Goliath in 1 Sam 17:44 and 46.
29.2 importune: Perhaps with ‘untimely’ or ‘inopportune’ as a secondary sense.
29.4 valew: ‘Value’ and ‘valor’ are etymologically so intertwined in ME and early modern usage that the phrase inevitably suggests a moral as well as martial equivalence between the combatants.
29.5 haberieons dismayld: ‘Knocked the metal plates off their sleeveless coats of mail’.
29.5 dismayld: ‘Divested of armor’, with the punning sense ‘unmanned’.
29.9 giambeux: Hamilton 2001 suggests that this spelling may derive from Chaucer, CT Thopas 875.
32.1 St. 32-36 Cf. Medina’s intervention at ii.27-32.
32.3 feld: The reflexive use of ‘felled’ is not recognized in OED.
34.5 scarmoges: The ‘cruell’ game may disarm her skirmishes or they may disarm the game; this ambiguity of syntax, together with the hypallage between her erotic ‘game’ and the knights’ combative ‘scarmoges’, anticipates the extended troping of love as combat in the ensuing lines.
34.6–34.9 34.6-9 It is difficult to escape the implication that Phaedria is here proposing a sexual encounter in which she will yield a ‘pleasaunt victory’ to both knights, leaving them nothing to fight over. Since hypallage is Greek for ‘interchange, exchange’, there may be a witty subtextual parallel between Phaedria’s rhetoric and her sexual ethos.
35.6–35.9 35.7-9 Cf. the invocation to Cupid at I.pr.3.7-9.
36.2 extremities: Cf. ii.38.4, ‘The strong extremities of their outrage’.
36.3 36.3 Prov 15:1, ‘Soft answer putteth away wrath: but grievous wordes stirre up angre’.
37.3 he light did pas: ‘Light’ modifies either ‘he’ or ‘pass’, from Phaedria’s point of view, but from Guyon’s it modifies ‘delight’, to which it is drawn by the internal rhyme.
37.5 solemne sad: Cf. the description of Redcrosse at I.i.2.8.
37.9 amoue: The narrator uses a relatively uncommon sense (‘To remove [a person or thing] from a position; to dismiss [a person] from an office’) to characterize Phaedria’s displeasure at her failure to ‘amove’ Guyon in the more usual sense of arousing him.
38.3 The which: Referring to her ‘swift bote’.
38.9 shard: I.e. the lake regarded as a ‘perlous’ break in the continuity of ‘terra firma’.
39.9 famous enimy: Presumably Pyrochles.
40.4 passion fraile: an ellipsis for ‘passion that, strong in itself, makes human nature frail’
40.7 which him late did faile: OED labels this construction ‘the dative of the person’, citing as another example the King James rendering of 1 Kings 2:4, ‘There shall not faile thee . . . a man on the throne of Israel’. The preposition to is understood.
40.9 delayd: cooled, quenched; postponed
41.1 St. 41-42 At OI 3.1.20-21, Mandricardo dashes through fire and leaps into a fountain to save himself.
42.6 flasht: For the mingling of fire and water, see v.2.4-5n. The syntax of lines 6-7 is latinate, with ‘the waves about’ serving as the object of both ‘flasht’ and ‘swept’: i.e. he flasht the waves about (with his raging arms) and his armor swept the waves about (so that it was washed clean).
43.6 Harrow . . . and well away: A cry of alarm; cf. Chaucer, ‘John . . . gan to crie “Harrow!” and “Weylaway! / Oure hors is lorn (CT Reeve 4071-73).
43.7 dismall: Echoing L dies mali evil days; two days of each month were so designated in the medieval calendar. 1590 gives this line as ‘What dismall day hath lent but this his cursed light’, a reading that is both nonsensical and hypermetrical; 1596 revises to ‘What dismall day hath lent this cursed light’. There is no evidence as to whether the change is compositorial or authorial; we take it to be compositorial, and prefer to correct by removing ‘but this’. It is possible that the untenable 1590 reading resulted from a two-stage misconstrual of manuscript copy. If Spenser originally wrote ‘What dismall day hath lent vs [or ‘his’] cursed light’, and then added ‘this’ and ‘his’ [or ‘vs’] side by side above the line as possible replacements, the compositor could have misconstrued the unfinished revision as an insertion (stage one misconstrual). At the same time, he misread ‘vs’ as ‘but’: the heavily inked descender on a secretary hand ‘v’ makes it possible to read it as a ‘b’, and Spenser’s own terminal ‘s’ resembles the rounded form of a terminal ‘t’.
43.8 damnifyde: Cf. modern ‘indemnify’.
44.1 St. 44 In the details of immersion and of death as a means ‘to respyre’, there is a generalized allusion to the language of Romans 6 on baptism. Cf. i.55.3, 55.9 and notes.
44.2 implacable: Accented on the first syllable.
45.4 And dying dayly, dayly yet reuiue: a cruel parody of Paul’s instructions about daily death (Rom 12:1, 1 Cor 15:31).
45.8 his owne health remembring now no more: Parallels the lack of ‘sovenaunce’ at 8.3.
46.6–46.9 46.6-9 For the muddy waters of Cocytus (Cocyti stagna) in the classical underworld seeVirgil (Aen 6.323-30). In Tasso, Armida’s castle is surrounded by an asphalt lake (GL 10.61-62, acque . . . bituminose e calde / e steril lago) in which nothing can sink. Cf. also the Stygian marsh in Dante, Inf 7.108-130.
50.2 bedight: ‘Dight’ has a specifically scriptive range of meanings, ‘from L dictare to dictate, compose in language, appoint, prescribe, order; in med L to write, compose a speech, letter, etc’ (OED).
50.3 liuer: The liver was considered the seat of the passions.
50.9 Phlegeton: In the classical underworld, a river of fire.
51.9 algates: Hamilton suggests ‘otherwise’, a sense not recorded in OED. Usually, ‘in any case’ or ‘by all means’.
Building display . . .
Re-selecting textual changes . . .

Introduction

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Textual Changes

The vagaries of early modern printing often required that lines or words be broken. Toggling Modern Lineation on will reunite divided words and set errant words in their lines.

Off: That a large share it hewd out of the rest, (blest.And glauncing downe his shield, from blame him fairely (FQ I.ii.18.8-9)On: That a large share it hewd out of the rest,And glauncing downe his shield, from blame him fairely blest.

Toggling Expansions on will undo certain early modern abbreviations.

Off: Sweet slõbring deaw, the which to sleep them biddes:(FQ I.i.36.4)On: Sweet slombring deaw, the which to sleep them biddes:

Toggling Modern Characters on will convert u, v, i, y, and vv to v, u, j, i, and w. (N.B. the editors have silently replaced ſ with s, expanded most ligatures, and adjusted spacing according contemporary norms.)

Off: And all the world in their subiection held,Till that infernall feend with foule vprore(FQ I.i.5.6-7)On: And all the world in their subjection held,Till that infernall feend with foule uprore

Toggling Lexical Modernizations on will conform certain words to contemporary orthographic standards.

Off: But wander too and fro in waies vnknowne(FQ I.i.10.5)On: But wander to and fro in waies vnknowne.

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Most lothsom, filthie, foule, and full of vile disdaine(FQ I.i.14.9)14.9. Most lothsom] this edn.;Mostlothsom 1590

(The text of 1590 reads Mostlothsom, while the editors’ emendation reads Most lothsom.)

Apparatus

Toggling Collation Notes on will highlight words that differ among printings.

And shall thee well rewarde to shew the place,(FQ I.i.31.5)5. thee] 1590; you 15961609

(The text of 1590 reads thee, while the texts of 1596 and 1609 read you.)

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To my long approoved and singular good frende, Master G.H.(Letters I.1)1. long aprooved: tried and true,found trustworthy over along period
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