The Spenser Archive Prototype

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Cant. V.

Pyrrhochles does with Guyon fight,

And Furors chayne vntyesuntyes, vnbindsunbinds vnbinds:unbinds:

Who him ſore wounds, whiles Atin toWho him sore wounds, whiles Atin to Of whom ſore hurt, for his reuengeOf whom sore hurt, for his reuengeOf whom ſore hurt, for his revengeOf whom sore hurt, for his revenge

Cymochles for ayd flyes.Gymochles for ayd flyes.Attin Gymochles finds.Attin Cymochles finds.

[1]

VVWHho euerever doth to temperaunce apply

His stedfast life, and all his actions frame,

Trust me, shal find no greater enimy,

4. Then: ThanThenThan stubborne perturbation, to the same;

To which right wel the wise doe giuegive that name,

For it the goodly peace of staied mindes

Does ouerthrowoverthrow, and troublous warre proclame:

His owne woes author, who so bound it findes,

As did PyrrhochlesPirrhocles, and it wilfully vnbindesunbindes.

[2]

After that varlets flight, it was not long,

Ere on the plaine fast pricking Guyon spide

One in bright armes embatteiled full strong,

That as the Sunny beames doe glaunce and glide

VponUpon the trembling wauewave, so shined bright,

And round about him threw forth sparkling fire,

That seemd him to enflame on eueryevery side:

His steed was bloody red, and fomed yre,

When with the maistring spur he did him roughly stire.

[3]

Approching nigh, he neuernever staid to greete,

Ne chaffar words, prowd corage to prouokeprovoke,

But prickt so fiers, that vnderneathunderneath his feete

The smouldring dust did rownd about him smoke,

Both horse and man nigh able for to choke;

And fayrly couching his steeleheaded speare,

Him first saluted with a sturdy stroke:

It booted nought Sir Guyon comming neare

To thincke, such hideous puissaunce on foot to beare.

[4]

But lightly shunned it, and passing by,

With his bright blade did smite at him so fell,

That the sharpe steele arriuingarriving forcibly

On his broad shield, bitt not, but glauncing fellglaun cingfell

On his horse necke before the quilted sell,

And from the head the body sundred quight.

So him dismounted low, he did compell

On foot with him to matchen equall fight;

The truncked beast fast bleeding, did him fowly dight.

[5]

Sore bruzed with the fall, he slow vproseuprose,

And all enraged, thus him loudly shent;

Disleall knight, whose coward corage chose

To wreake it selfe on beast all innnocent,

And shund the marke, at which it should be ment,

Therby thine armes seem strong, but manhood frayl:

So hast thou oft with guile thine honor blent;

But litle may such guile thee now auaylavayl,

If wonted force and fortune doe me not muchdo not much medoe not much me fayl.

[6]

With that he drew his flaming sword, and strooke

At him so fiercely, that the vpperupper marge

Of his seuenfoldedsevenfolded shield away it tooke,

And glauncing on his helmet, made a large

And open gash therein: were not his targe,

That broke the violence of his intent,

The weary sowle from thence it would discharge,

Nathelesse so sore a buff to him it lent,

That made him reele, and to his brest his beuerbever bent.

[7]

Exceeding wroth was Guyon at that blow,

And much ashamd, that stroke of liuingliving arme

Should him dismay, and make him stoup so low,

Though otherwise it did him litle harme:

Tho hurling high his yron braced arme,

He smote so manly on his shoulder plate,

That all his left side it did quite disarme;

Yet there the steele stayd not, but inly bate

Deepe in his flesh, and opened wide a red floodgate.

[8]

Deadly dismayd, with horror of that dint

Pyrrhochles was, and grieuedgrieved eke entyre;

Yet nathemore did it his fury stint,

But added flame vntounto his former fire,

That welnigh molt his hart in raging yre;

Ne thenceforth his approuedapproved skill, to ward,

Or strike, or hurtle rownd in warlike gyre,

Remembred he, ne car’d for his saufgard,

But rudely rag’d, and like a cruel tygre far’d.

[9]

He hewd, and lasht, and foynd, and thondred blowes,

And eueryevery way did seeke into his life,

Ne plate, ne male could ward so mighty throwes,

But yeilded passage to his cruell knife.

But Guyon, in the heat of all his strife,

Was wary wise, and closely did awayt

AuauntageAvauntage, whilest his foe did rage most rife;

Sometimes a thwartathwart, sometimes he strook him strayt,

And falsed oft his blowes, t’illude him with such bayt.

[10]

Like as a Lyon, whose imperiall powre

A prowd rebellious VnicorneUnicorne defyes,

T’auoideavoide the rash assault and wrathfull stowre

Of his fiers foe, him to a tree applyes,

And when him ronning in full course he spyes,

He slips aside; the whiles that furious beast

His precious horne, sought of his enimye

Strikes in the stocke, ne thence can be releast,

But to the mighty victor yields a bounteous feast.

[11]

With such faire sleight him Guyon often fayld,

Till at the last all breathlesse, weary, faint

Him spying, with fresh onsett he assayld,

And kindling new his corage seeming queint,

Strooke him so hugely, that through greatgrear constraint

He made him stoup perforce vntounto his knee,

And doe vnwillingunwilling worship to the Saint,

That on his shield depainted he did see;

Such homage till that instant neuernever learned hee.

[12]

Whom Guyon seeing stoup, poursewed fast

The present offer of faire victory,

And soone his dreadfull blade about he cast,

Wherewith he smote his haughty crest so hye,

That streight on grownd made him full low to lye;

Then on his brest his victor foote he thrust,

With that he cryde, Mercy, doe me not dye,

Ne deeme thy force by fortunes doome vniustunjust,

That hath (maugre her spight) thus low me laid in dust.

[13]

Eftsoones his cruel hand Sir Guyon stayd,

Tempring the passion with aduizementadvizement slow,

And maistring might on enimy dismayd:

For th’equall die of warre he well did know.

Then to him said, LiueLive and alleagaunce owe,

To him, that giuesgives thee life and liberty,

And henceforth by this daies ensample trow,

That hasty wroth, and heedlesse hazardry

Doe breede repentaunce late, and lasting infamy.

[14]

So vpup he let him rise, who with grim looke

And count’naunce sterne vpstandingupstanding, gan to grind

His grated teeth for great disdeigne, and shooke

His sandy lockes, long hanging downe behind,

Knotted in blood and dust, for griefe of mind,

That he in ods of armes was conquered;

Yet in himselfe some comfort he did find,

That him so noble knight had maystered,

Whose bounty more 9. then: thanthenthan might, yet both he wõderedwondered.

[15]

Which Guyon marking said, Be nought agrieu’dagriev’d,

Sir knight, that thus ye now subdewed arre:

Was neuernever man, who most conquestes atchieu’datchiev’d

But sometimes had the worse, and lost by warre,

Yet shortly gaynd, that losse exceeded farre:

Losse is no shame, nor to bee lesse 6. then: thanthenthan foe,

But to bee lesser, 7. then: thanthenthan himselfe, doth marre

Both loosers lott, and victours prayse alsoe.

Vaine others ouerthrowesoverthrowes, who selfe doth ouerthrowoverthrow.

[16]

Fly, O Pyrrhochles, fly the dreadfull warre,

That in thy selfe thy lesser partes doe mouemove,

Outrageous anger, and woe working iarrejarre,

Direfull impatience, and hartmurdring louelove;

Those, those thy foes, those warriours far remoueremove,

Which thee to endlesse bale captiuedcaptived lead.

But sith in might thou didst my mercy proueprove,

Of courtesie to mee the cause aread,

That thee against me drew with so impetuous dread.

[17]

Dreadlesse (said he) that shall I soone declare:

It was complaind, that thou hadst done great tort

VntoUnto an aged woman, poore and bare,

And thralled her in chaines with strong effort,

Voide of all succour and needfull comfort:

That ill beseemes thee, such as I thee see,

To worke such shame. Therefore I thee exhort,

To chaunge thy will, and set OccaſionOccasion occaſionoccasion OccaſionOccasion free,

And to her captiuecaptive sonne yield his first libertee.

[18]

Thereat Sir Guyon smylde, And is that all

(Said he) that thee so sore displeased hath?

Great mercy sure, for to enlarge a thrall,

Whose freedom shall thee turne to greatest scath.

Nath’lesse now quench thy whott emboylingembayling wrath:

Loe there they bee; to thee I yield them free.

Thereat he wondrous glad, out of the path

Did lightly leape, where he them bound did see,

And gan to breake the bands of their captiuiteecaptivitee.

[19]

Soone as Occasion felt her selfe vntydeuntyde,

Before her sonne could well assoyled bee,

She to her vseuse returnd, and streight defyde

Both Guyon and Pyrrhochles: th’one (said ſ⁀heshe hee)

Bycause he wonne; the other because hee

Was wonne: So matter did she make of nought,

To stirre vpup strife, and garredodoe them disagree:

But soone as Furor was enlargd, she sought

To kindle his quencht fyre, &and thousãdthousand causes wrought.

[20]

It was not long, ere she inflam’d him so,

That he would algates with Pyrrhochles fight,

And his redeemer chalengd for his foe,

Because he had not well mainteind his right,

But yielded had to that same straunger knight:

Now gan Pyrrhochles wex as wood, as hee,

And him affronted with impatient might:

So both together fiers engrasped bee,

Whyles Guyon stãdingstanding by, their vncouthuncouth strife does see.

[21]

Him all that while Occasion did prouokeprovoke

Against Pyrrhochles, and new matter fram’d

VponUpon the old, him stirring to bee wroke

Of his late wronges, in which she oft him blam’d

For suffering such abuse, as knighthood sham’d,

And him dishabled quyte. But he was wise,

Ne would with vaine occasions be inflam’d;

Yet others she more vrgenturgent did deuisedevise:

Yet nothing could him to impatience entise.

[22]

Their fell contention still increased more,

And more thereby increased Furors might,

That he his foe has hurt, and wounded sore,

And him in blood and durt deformed quight.

His mother eke, more to augment his spight,

Now brought to him a flaming fyer brond,

Which she in Stygian lake, ay burning bright

Had kindled: that she gauegave into his hond,

That armd with fire, more hardly he mote him withstond. withstõdwithstond withstõd.withstond.

[23]

Tho gan that villein wex so fiers and strong,

That nothing might sustaine his furious forse;

He cast him downe to ground, and all along

Drew him through durt and myre without remorse,

And fowly battered his comely corse,

That Guyon much disdeignd so loathly sight.

At last he was compeld to cry perforse,

Help, O Sir Guyon, helpe most noble knight,

To ridd a wretched man from handes of hellish wight.

[24]

The knight was greatly mouedmoved at his playnt,

And gan him dight to succour his distresse,

Till that the Palmer, by his grauegrave restraynt,

Him stayd from yielding pitifull redresse;

And said, Deare sonne, thy causelesse ruth represse,

Ne let thy stout hart melt in pitty vayne:

He that his sorow sought through wilfulnesse,

And his foe fettred would release agayne,

DeseruesDeserves to taste his follies fruit, repented payne.

[25]

Guyon obayd; So him away he drew

From needlesse trouble of renewing fight

Already fought, his voyage to poursew.

But rash Pyrrhochles varlett, Atin hight,

When late he saw his Lord in heauieheavie plight,

VnderUnder Sir Guyons puissaunt stroke to fall,

Him deeming dead, as then he seemd in sight,

Fledd fast away, to tell his funerall

VntoUnto his brother, whom Cymochles men did call.

[26]

He was a man of rare redoubted might,

Famous throughout the world for warlike prayse,

And glorious spoiles, purchast in perilous fight:

Full many doughtie knightes he in his dayes

Had doen to death, subdewde in equall frayes,

Whose carkases, for terrour of his name,

Of fowles and beastes he made the piteous prayes,

And hong their conquerd armes for more defame

On gallow trees, in honour of his dearest Dame.

[27]

His dearest Dame is that Enchaunteresse,

The vyle Acrasia, that with vaine delightes,

And ydle pleasures in herhis Bowre of Blisse,

Does charme her louerslovers, and the feeble sprightes

Can call out of the bodies of fraile wightes:

Whom then she does transforme traſformetrasforme to mõstrousmonstrous hewes,

And horribly misshapes with vglyugly sightes,

Captiu’dCaptiv’d eternally in yron mewes,

And darksom dens, where Titan his face neuernever shewes.

[28]

There Atin fownd Cymochles soiourningsojourning,

To serueserve his Lemans louelove: for he by kynd,

Was giuengiven all to lust and loose liuingliving,

When euerever his fiers handes he free mote fynd:

And now he has pourd out his ydle mynd

In daintie delices, and lauishlavish ioyesjoyes,

HauingHaving his warlike weapons cast behynd,

And flowes in pleasures, and vaine pleasing toyes,

Mingled emongst loose Ladies and lasciuiouslascivious boyes.

[29]

And ouerover him, art stryuingstryving to compayre,

With nature, did an Arber greene dispred,

Framed of wanton YuieYvie, flouring fayre,

Through which the fragrant Eglantine did spred

His pricklingpricking armes, entrayld with roses red,

Which daintie odours round about them threw,

And all within with flowres was garnished,

That when myld Zephyrus emongst them blew,

Did breath out bounteous smels, &and painted colors ſ⁀hew.shew. ſ⁀hewshew

[30]

And fast beside, there trickled softly downe

A gentle streame, whose murmuring wauewave did play

Emongst the pumy stones, and made a sowne,

To lull him soft a sleepe, that by it lay;

The wearie TraueilerTraveiler, wandring that way,

Therein did often quench his thristy heat,

And then by it his wearie limbes display,

Whiles creeping slomber made him to forget

His former payne, and wypt away his toilsom sweat.

[31]

And on the other syde a pleasaunt grouegrove

Was shott vpup high, full of the stately tree,

That dedicated is t’Olympick IoueJove,

And to his sonne Alcides, whenas hee

In Nemus gaynedIn Netmus gaynedGayned in Nemea Gain’d in Nemea goodly victoree;

Therein the mery birdes of eueryevery sorte

Chaunted alowd their chearefull harmonee:

And made emongst them seluesselves a sweete consort,

That quickned the dull spright with musicall comfort.

[32]

There he him found all carelesly displaid,

In secrete shadow from the sunny ray,

On a sweet bed of lillies softly laid,

Amidst a flock of Damzelles fresh and gay,

That rownd about him dissolute did play

Their wanton follies, and light meriment;

EueryEvery of which did loosely disaray

Her vpperupper partes of meet habiliments,

And shewd them naked, deckt with many ornaments.

[33]

And eueryevery of them strouestrove, with most delights,

Him to aggrate, and greatest pleasures shew;

Some framd faire lookes, glancing like eueningevening lights,lights

Others sweet wordes, dropping like honny dew;

Some bathed kisses, and did soft embrew

The sugred licour through his melting lips:

One boastes her beautie, and does yield to vew

Her dainty limbes aboueabove her tender hips;

Another her out boastes, and all for tryall strips.

[34]

He, like an Adder, lurking in the weedes,

His wandring thought in deepe desire does steepe,

And his frayle eye with spoyle of beauty feedes;

Sometimes he falsely faines himselfe to sleepe,

Whiles through their lids his wanton eies do peepe,

To steale a snatch of amorous conceipt,

Whereby close fire into his heart does creepe:

So, he them deceiuesdeceives, deceiuddeceivd in his deceipt,

Made dronke with drugs of deare voluptuous receipt.

[35]

Attin Atin Attin arriuingarriving there, when him he spyde,

Thus in still waueswaves of deepe delight to wade,

Fiercely approching, to him lowdly cryde,

Cymochles; oh no, but Cymochles shade,

In which that manly person late did fade,

What is become of great Acrates sonne?

Or where hath he hong vpup his mortall blade,

That hath so many haughty conquests wonne?

Is all his force forlorne, and all his glory donne?

[36]

Then pricking him with his sharp-pointed dart,

He saide; vpup, vpup, thou womanish weake knight,

That here in Ladies lap entombed art,

VnmindfullUnmindfull of thy praise and prowest might,

And weetlesse eke of lately wrought despight,

Whiles sad Pyrrhochles lies on sencelesse ground,

And groneth out his vtmostutmost grudging spright,

Through many a stroke, &and many a streaming wound,

Calling thy help in vaine, that here in ioyesjoyes art dround.

[37]

Suddeinly out of his delightfull dreame

The man awoke, and would hauehave questiond more;

But he would not endure that wofull theame

For to dilate at large, but vrgedurged sore

With percing wordes, and pittifull implore,

Him hasty to arise. As one affright

With hellish feends, or Furies mad vproreuprore,

He then vproseuprose, inflamd with fell despight,

And called for his armes; for he would algates fight.

[38]

They bene ybrought; he quickly does him dight,

And lightly mounted, passeth on his way,

Ne Ladies louesloves, ne sweete entreaties might

Appease his heat, or hastie passage stay,

For he has vowd, to beene auengdavengd that day,

(That day it selfe him seemed all too long:)long):

On him, that did Pyrrhochles deare dismay:

So proudly pricketh on his courser strong,

And Attin ay him pricks with spurs of shame &and wrong.

1. apply: devote

2. frame: shape or discipline

3. embatteiled: apparelled for combat

9. stire: stir, excite to action

2. chaffar: bandy

4. smouldring: suffocating

5. sell: saddle

9. truncked: truncated

2. shent: scolded

5. targe: shield

9. beuer: visor

7. disarme: disable

8. bate: bit

1. dint: blow

2. grieued: afflicted with pain and/or mental suffering

2. entyre: inwardly and utterly

5. molt: melted

6. approued: proven

8. saufgard: safety; defensive stance

1. foynd: thrust

3. throwes: violent strokes

8. athwart: obliquely

9. t’illude: to deceive

1. fayld: deceived

4. queint: quenched, extinguished

7. the Saint: Gloriana

2. offer of: opportunity for

4. th’equall die: impartial luck

8. hazardry: gambling, taking risks

3. grated: clenched

4. sandy: yellowish red

3. iarre: discord

9. dread: dreadfulness

3. bare: unprotected

4. effort: compulsion

2. assoyled: released

3. vse: customary behavior

3. streight: promptly

7. garre: cause

6. wood: insane

7. affronted: confronted

9. vncouth: strange or unseemly

3. wroke: avenged

6. dishabled: belittled

9. entise: incite or inflame

4. durt: mud

6. disdeignd: regarded with indignation

2. gan him dight: prepared himself

5. late: lately

6. hewes: shapes

8. mewes: cages

2. by kynd: by nature

6. delices: delights

3. pumy stones: lava rock

5. Traueiler: one who journeys; one who labors

6. thristy: thirsty

7. display: sprawl

9. comfort: delight, refreshment

6. follies: lewd actions

7. disaray: undress

8. meet habiliments: proper attire

2. aggrate: gratify

3. glancing: casting momentary looks; flashing or shining

5. embrew: soak or pour

6. sugred licour: sweet fluid

6. snatch: hurried grab; fragment; portion seized on; a trap or snare

6. conceipt: fantasy

9. receipt: recipe or ingredients

4. prowest: worthiest, most brave or gallant

5. weetlesse: unaware

7. vtmost grudging spright: final unwilling breath and/or spirit

7. deare dismay: costly defeat

2. vntyesuntyes,] 1590; vnbindsunbinds 1596; vnbinds:unbinds: 1609;

3. Who him ſore wounds, whiles Atin toWho him sore wounds, whiles Atin to ] 1590; Of whom ſore hurt, for his reuengeOf whom sore hurt, for his reuengeOf whom ſore hurt, for his revengeOf whom sore hurt, for his revenge 1596, 1609;

4.Cymochles for ayd flyes.] this edn.; Gymochles for ayd flyes. 1590; Attin Gymochles finds. 1596; Attin Cymochles finds. 1609;

1.9.Pyrrhochles] 1596, 1609; Pirrhocles 1590;

4.4.glauncing fell] 1596; glaun cingfell 1590;

5.9.doe me not much] 1590; do not much me 1596; doe not much me 1609;

11.5.great] 1596, 1609; grear 1590;

17.8. OccaſionOccasion ] 1596; occaſionoccasion 1590; OccaſionOccasion 1609;

18.5.emboyling] 1590FE, 1596, 1609; embayling 1590;

19.4. ſ⁀heshe ] 1609; hee 1590, 1596;

19.7.garre] 1590; do 1596; doe 1609;

22.9.withstond.] 1609; withstõdwithstond 1590; withstõd.withstond. 1596;

27.3.her] 1590, 1609; his 1596;

27.6.transforme] 1596, 1609; traſformetrasforme 1590;

29.5.prickling] 1590; pricking 1596, 1609;

29.9. ſ⁀hew.shew. ] 1596, 1609; ſ⁀hewshew 1590;

31.5.In Nemus gayned] 1590FE; In Netmus gayned 1590; Gayned in Nemea 1596; Gain’d in Nemea 1609;

33.3.lights,] this edn.; lights 1590;

35.1.Attin] this edn.; Attin 1590; Atin 1596, 1609;

Q4rQ4vQ5rQ5vQ6rQ6vQ7rQ7vQ8rQ8vR1rR1v

v.2–v.4 arg.2-4 In 1596 these lines are revised to read ‘And Furors chayne unbinds, / Of whom sore hurt, for his revenge / Atin Gymochles finds’ (‘G’ for ‘C’ in Cymochles being an error carried over from the 1590 text). This change extends the summary of the action beyond Atin’s departure, related at 25.4-9, to include his discovery of Cymochles in the Bower, described in st. 28-36.

v.1.4 stubborne perturbation: Alluding to the Gk etymology shared by the names of the brothers Pyrochles and Cymochles: ὀχλεω ochleō to be swept away, to disturb by tumult.

v.2.4–v.2.5 2.4-5 A consistent allegory of the elements fire (anger) and water (desire) attaches to the brothers in this canto, culminating in Pyrochles’ failed baptism (vi.42-51). These lines introduce the motif by mingling the apparent opposites, perhaps to suggest that they are closely related (allegorically brothers) after all; cf. i.34.7-9 for the anticipation of this hint in the combination of wrath and concupiscence that overtakes Guyon in his near-assault on Redcrosse.

v.3.2 chaffar: Literally, exchange for profit (cf. Mother Hubberd 1159, ‘He chaffred Chayres in which Churchmen were set’). Cf. i.25.9 and note; Guyon here encounters his own previous error, now objectified in Pyrochles.

v.3.3 prickt: Allegorically the knight is spurring his own animal passions, represented by the horse he rides; cf. 36.1 and 38.9, where Atin pricks the recumbent Cymochles first with ‘his sharp pointed dart’ and then ‘with spurs of shame and wrong’.

v.3.4 smoke: to go with the ‘sparkling fire’ of 2.6, both suggested by the etymology of the name ‘Pyrochles’ (see iv.37.4-7 and 41.2n)

v.3.7 sturdy: in ME and early modern usage, violent, fierce, or cruel; cf. E.K.’s gloss to SC Feb 149, ‘Sterne strife) said Chaucer .s. fell and sturdy.’

v.4.1 St. 4-5 The accidental beheading of your opponent’s horse is bad form in chivalric romance. For variations on this typical incident, see Bevis of Hampton 1885-98, Morte D’Arthur 10.42, OI 3.8.38, and OF 24.105-6.

v.5.7 5.7 It is unclear how Pyrochles would know anything about Guyon’s past behavior.

v.6.2–v.6.3 the vpper marge Of his seuenfolded shield: See iii.1.9n. Spenser’s phrase here may translate Aen 12.925, clipei extremos septemplicis orbis, (‘the sevenfold shield’s utmost circle’).

v.7.7 disarme: Punning grimly on the idea of cutting the arm off altogether; cf. vi.14.6-7, where Phaedria lays Cymochles’ ‘head disarmed / In her loose lap’.

v.8.4 added flame vnto his former fire: Cf. I.i.19.3 where Una urges Redcrosse to ‘Add faith unto your force, and be not faint’; the alliterative echoes as well as the similar formulation make Pyrochles a parody of holiness; instead of godly virtue to righteous effort, he adds anger to itself.

v.8.7 warlike gyre: A combat maneuver that involves circling sharply around to strike.

v.10.1 St. 10 Cf. Timon of Athens 4.3.336-8: ‘wert thou the unicorn, pride and wrath would confound thee and make thine own selfe the conquest of thy fury’. The lion’s trick is referred to in Julius Caesar 2.1.203-5 and described in Topsell 1607, which also characterizes the unicorn as ‘a beast of an untamable nature’ (p. 557). Job 39:13 asks, ‘Canst thou binde the unicorne?’

v.10.4 him . . . applyes: ‘Places himself in contact with’; possibly a comic echo of the canto’s opening line.

v.10.7 precious horne: Thought to have magical medicinal properties.

v.11.1 fayld: From L fallere to decieve; cf. III.xi.46.9, ‘So lively and so like, that living sence it fayld’.

v.11.7 the Saint: Cf. i.28.7, ‘that faire image of that heavenly Mayd’, and IV.pr.4.2, ‘But to that sacred Saint my soveraigne Queene’.

v.12.2 offer of: The irony implicit in ‘offer’ is contradicted by Pyrochles’ cry for mercy in lines 7-9, but cf. his call for death at vi.45.5 and his scornful rejection of Arthur’s offered mercy at viii.51-52.

v.12.8 12.8 ‘Do not judge your force according to the unjust judgment of fortune’ (Hamilton 2001). Smith 1909, following Jortin 1734, suggests ‘but’ for ‘by’.

v.12.9 maugre: A verb expressing defiance: ‘damn her spite’.

v.13.2 aduizement slow: As opposed to ‘hasty wroth’.

v.13.4 th’equall die: With a pun on die.

v.14.4 sandy: Cf. Furor’s red eyes, copper hair, and tawny beard (iv.15.5-9n).

v.14.9 14.9 ‘Whose bounty he wondered at more than his might, yet he wondered at both’; or, ‘Whose bounty was greater than his might, yet he wondered at both’.

v.15.1 St. 15 The narrator addresses Guyon in similar terms at III.i.7.5-9.

v.15.5 15.5 ‘Yet soon gained far more than he had lost’.

v.15.9 15.9 Cf. Guyon’s self-defeating combat with Furor, iv.8.8-9.

v.16.1 16.1 Echoing Medina’s exhortation, ‘O fly from wrath, fly, O my liefest Lord’ (ii.30.5).

v.16.2 lesser partes: The bodily sources of the passions, internal organs and humors.

v.16.4 hartmurdring loue: Like that of Mortdant and Amavia.

v.16.7–v.16.9 16.7-9 Echoing Redcrosse’s question to Guyon at i.29.5-9.

v.17.1 St. 17 Pyrochles misconstrues the allegorical tableau as an opportunity for chivalric rescue. See 3.2n and cf. Archimago’s provocation of Guyon, i.9-11.

v.17.2–v.17.5 17.2-5 It is unclear who could have made this complaint, since Pyrochles arrives just after Atin flees (see 2.9).

v.17.4 effort: From ‘efforce’; cf. xii.43.6-7, ‘wisdomes power, and temperaunces might, / By which the mightiest things efforced bin’.

v.19.7 garre: See E.K.’s gloss SC Apr 1.

v.20.3 20.3 Alluding to the theological point that human nature resists grace; Furor belongs entirely to the ‘lesser partes’ that ‘move’ war within the self (16.1-2).

v.21.7 21.7 At i.5.2 Archimago lies in wait for Redcrosse ‘In hope to win occasion to his will’.

v.21.9 entise: Probably from L titio firebrand.

v.22.6–v.22.9 22.6-9 Cf. Jas 3:6, ‘And the tongue is fire’ and iv.5.1.

v.22.7 Stygian: Relating to the river Styx, or more generally the classical underworld of Hades where Styx and four other rivers ran. Normally Phlegethon is the infernal river associated with fire (cf. ‘flaming Phlegeton’ at vi. 50.9). OED notes that Styx (Gk Στυξ) is etymologically linked to ‘hate’ and ‘hateful’.

v.23.9 wretched man: Cf. Rom 7:24 ‘O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me from the body of this death?’

v.25.4–v.25.9 25.4-9 Atin, having fled at the close of the previous canto (iv.46.9, v.2.1), here flees a second time.

v.26.6 for terrour of his name: I.e., ‘to make his reputation more terrifying’.

v.26.8–v.26.9 26.8-9 When Redcrosse fights Sansloy, Sansfoy’s shield is displayed on a tree as the spoils (with Duessa) of the combat (I.v.5.7-8).

v.26.9 Dame: From L domina, suggesting domination or command.

v.27.1 St. 27-35 These stanzas offer a preview of the ‘Bowre of Blisse’, extensively described in the final canto of Book II. A number of specific verbal echoes link the two passages.

v.27.2 Acrasia: See i.51.2-4n for the etymology of the name.

v.28.3–v.28.5 lust and loose liuing . . . he has pourd out his ydle mynd: Cf. I.vii.7.1-3, where Redcrosse pours ‘out in loosnesse’ with his ‘Dame’ Duessa; the lustful activity seems to have a similar weakening effect on both Cymochles and the hero of Book I.

v.28.7 28.7 The mollification of Mars by Venus, derived from the invocation to Lucretius De Rerum (1.1-49) is a common topos in the iconography and Neoplatonic philosophy of the Italian Renaissance that recurs with frequent variations in FQ. Cf. I.pr.3.7-9n.

v.29.1–v.29.2 29.1-2 The idea that art’s imitation of nature can turn into a rivalry is common in early modern discussions of art and literature. Spenser harks back to Ovid’s description of the grotto sacred to Diana (Met 3.155-62), by way of Tasso, GL 16.9-12. Spenser will develop this topos with extensive echoing of both passages in canto xii.

v.29.3 wanton Yuie: Sacred to Bacchus, ivy is wanton because it clings to everything; see I.i.48.9n.

v.29.4 fragrant Eglantine: Sweet-briar, a species of rose featuring ‘strong hooked prickles, pink single flowers, and small aromatic leaves’ (OED).

v.29.5 prickling armes: ‘Eglantine’ derives from L aculentus prickly.

v.29.8 Zephyrus: the west wind; cf. Chaucer, CT Gen Pro, ‘And Zephyrus eke with his sweete breath / Inspired hath in every holt and heeth / The tendre croppes’ (3-5).

v.31.2–v.31.5 31.2-5 These lines mingle references to the oak, sacred to Jove (Od 14.327-28, repeated at 19.296, and Met 1.106), and the poplar, sacred to Hercules (Idylls 2.121 and Ecl 7.61; Georg 2.66; Aen 5.134, 8.276-77). Olympick Jove further suggests the olive, used to crown victors at the Olympic Games (Statius, Thebaid 6.5-8).

v.31.5 Nemus: Where Hercules slew the Nemean lion.

v.32.1 displaid: Cf. 30.7.

v.32.6 follies: From Fr folie, akin to the modern theatrical use, as context indicates.

v.32.7 disaray: With a glance at ‘put into disorder’.

v.32.9 32.9 The description of the damsels as both ‘naked’ and ‘deckt’ may simply mean that they are adorned with jewelry, not garments. But the apparent contradiction, underlined by the juxtaposition ‘naked, deckt’, extends the confusion of art and nature (29.1-2n) to the female body, suggesting that this body is ‘ornamented’ by nature. Cf. the description of Belphoebe, where details of her attire and its highly ornamented description (‘golden fringe’, ‘close enwrapped’ knots, ‘the temple of the Gods’, breasts that ‘through her thin weed their places only signifide’) signify anatomical features not otherwise revealed (iii.26-29).

v.33.1 St. 33-34 Upton identifies these stanzas as a direct translation of GL 16.18-19. The contrast between the aggressive solicitation of the maidens and Cymochles’ feigned slumber emphasizes the perversity of his desire to ‘steale a snatch’ of what is so freely offered.

v.33.4 dropping like honny dew: Cf. Prov. 5.3, ‘For the lippes of a strange woman drop as an honie combe, and her mouth is more soft then oyle’. The Geneva gloss adds, ‘By oyle and honie he meaneth flattering and craftie intisements’.

v.33.5 bathed kisses: Perhaps an ellipsis for ‘bathed [him with] kisses’.

v.33.6 sugred licour: From L liquor liquidity.

v.33.9 all for tryall: Repetition and orthography suggest a pun.

v.34.5 wanton eies: Echoing the ‘wanton Yvie’ of 29.3.

v.34.6 conceipt: Either the general power of conceiving, or a specific notion. The spelling recalls an etymological link to L capere seize, reinforced by the phrase ‘steale a snatch’.

v.34.9 receipt: Also ‘act of receiving’, in pointed contrast to Cymochles’ fantasy of seizing.

v.35.1 St. 35 For the topos of rousing an erstwhile warrior from his lapse into sensuality, cf. Aen 4.265-76, OF 7.57-64, and GL 16.32-33.

v.35.6 Acrates: For the etymology linking this name to ‘Acrasia’ see iv.41.6 and i.51.2-4n.

v.36.1 dart: Cf. the poison darts borne by Atin on his first appearance at iv.38.7, and the recurrent association of Pyrochles with ‘pricking’ (3.3n).

v.36.2 36.2 Cf. GL 16.33.2-3: qual viltà l’alleta? / Su su (‘what sloth doth thee infect? / Up, up’; trans. Fairfax).

v.36.6 sencelesse ground: An unconventional instance of transferred epithet, since in fact the ground is senseless.

v.37.7 Furies: See ii.29.2n.

v.38.8–v.38.9 pricketh . . . pricks: See 3.3 note.

Introduction

Textual Changes

Apparatus