38
Vasco de Gama
ode-symphonie
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- 1A Introduction (vers déclamés) 'Limpide et radieux'
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- B Chœur de matelots (Léonard, 1er chœur)
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- C Chœur de soldats (2me chœur)
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- D Chœur de matelots et de soldats (Léonard, chœurs)
- 2Récit (Léonard, Alvar, chœurs) 'La mer est immobile' -
- 3Boléro (Léonard, basses)
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- 4A Orage (Alvar, chœurs)
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- B. Apparition d’Adamastor (Alvar, Adamastor, chœurs)
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- 5A Récit (Vasco de Gama) 'Que l’aspect du danger' - 19 bars
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- B Prière (Léonard, Alvar, Vasco de Gama, chœur)
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- 6Final (La Vigie, Léonard, Alvar, Vasco de Gama, chœur)
- Vasco de Gama, commandant de la flotte portuguaise basse
- Alvar, son frère ténor
- Léonard, jeune officier soprano
- Adamastor, le géant six basses-tailles
- La Vigie soprano
- Récitant
Poem: Louis-Michel-James Lacour-Delâtre (1815–93) after Luiz Vaz de Camões (1524–80), Os Lusiadas, Book V. Delâtre also published books of poetry and linguistic studies of Italian, German and Sanskrit. He spent most of his life in Rome, later described in his Ricordi di Roma (Florence, 1870). The characters Alvar and Léonard are Bizet’s or Delâtre’s invention. Only Vasco de Gama and Adamastor are found in Camões’s poem. Unhappy with Delâtre's work, Bizet had to supply some of the verses himself. Delâtre and Bizet must have known that Meyerbeer had been working for many years on an opera about Vasco da Gama, eventually performed in 1865 after Meyerbeer's death as L'Africaine.
The action covers the departure of Vasco da Gama’s 1497 expedition from Lisbon. The young officer Léonard sings the Boléro that Ines used to sing to him. The giant Adamastor appears and causes a storm to threaten the ship. He warns the Portuguese to turn back. Calm returns, but fear remains. Vasco calls the men to prayer. They pray to the God of Moses. Land is espied and they all rejoice. Asia yields its treasures and submits to the invaders.
Composition: January – March 1860. In Rome in August 1859 Bizet sought a collaborator for a work in the genre of Félicien David’s Le Désert and Christophe Colomb. This was to be based on the Lusiads and submitted as his envoi de Rome. Victor Fournel declined, but in December Delâtre agreed to take it on. By mid-January 1860 half of Part I was complete, and in early February Part I (which was all he ever wrote) was finished. Nothing is known of any other parts planned or sketched. Bizet was very pleased with his work, which he submitted to the Institut in June 1860. It was judged to be very good, although the composer was warned against using too bold a harmonic language.
Vasco de Gama was performed once in 1863, the only performance in Bizet’s lifetime, perhaps ever. Bizet re-used some material in Ivan IV and Noé. It was published in vocal score in about 1880.
- No. 1A (transposed down a tone to D flat) became the depiction of the desert as bars 40–60 of the Entr’acte before Act II of Noé.
- No. 5, Boléro, became the Sérénade (no. 6) in Ivan IV, where it is sung by Le Jeune Bulgare, a soprano role like that of Léonard in Vasco de Gama. This was published in 1869 and included in Seize Mélodies in 1886 as Sérénade espagnole. The new words by Henri Trianon took Delâtre’s phrase ‘Ouvre ton cœur’ as its first line.
Private collection. 30-stave paper, 250 x 340 mm., 76 f., (title page, blank, music 1–149, blank).
1A | Introduction | 1-9 |
1B | Chœur de Matelots | 10-21 |
1C | Chœur de Soldats | 22-36 |
1D | Chœur de Matelots et de Soldats | 37-46 |
2 | Récit | 47-63 |
3 | Boléro | 64-70 |
4 | Orage et apparition d’Adamastor | 71-114 |
5 | Récit et prière | |
A Récit | 115-119 | |
B Prière | 120-134 | |
6 | Final | 135-149 |
F-Pn MS 474, found among Auber’s papers. 24-stave paper, oblong 283 x 360 mm., 57 f. (title page not autograph, blank, Personnages not autograph, blank, music 1–109, blank).
US-Wc M1530 B62 V24 case. 24-stave paper (nos 1–4), 26-stave paper (nos 5–6), 80 f. (title page, blank, music p. 1–158)
Choudens, reissued from 38 rue Mermoz, c. 2010.
For no. 3, Boléro, see Ouvre ton cœur.
Choudens, A.C. 5519(1) (Sopranos I-II), A.C. 5519(2) (Ténors et Basses), c. 1882. F-Pn L.8505
8-2-1863 | Société nationale des Beaux-Arts, conducted by Bizet. Léonard was sung
by Mlle Girard.
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- Pigot (1886) 27
- Curtiss 92-95, 107, 130, 253, 468, 470
- Dean 25, 27, 43, 50, 163-66, 193, 241, 248, 272, 288
- Wright 31, 73, 191, 217
- Lacombe 241, 243-47, 266, 295, 334