7
Noé
grand opéra en 3 actes et 4 tableaux
The opera was published and performed ten years after Bizet’s death as ‘by Halévy and Bizet’, although in the absence of Halévy’s manuscript Bizet’s contribution, apart from the orchestration, is not clear. Halévy died in 1862 leaving a draft of three acts.
- Introduction
-
- 1 Prière (Noé, Japhet, chœur) 'Quand après la nuit'
- 1bis Récit (Noé, Japhet) 'Plus de travaux, mes amis'
- 2 Chœur (Chœur) 'Quittons notre faucille'
- 2bis Scène (Noé, Japhet) 'Reste, Japhet'
- 3 Duo (Saraï, Noé) 'Toujours lui !'
- Romance (Saraï) 'Un soir dans la forêt immense'
- 4 Chœur et scène (Japhet, Noé, Ebba, Sem, Eliacin, Chœur) 'Père ! les voici tous !'
- 5 Final (Noé, Cham, Saraï, Ebba, Japhet, Eliacin, Chœur) 'Quel est donc ce triste présage'
Acte I -
- Entr'acte
- 6 Romance (Ituriel) 'Je t’aime et ma brûlante ivresse'
- 7 Grande scène (Ituriel, Saraï, Chœur) 'Viens, frère'
- 8 Duo (Saraï, Ituriel) 'Où suis-je ?'
- 9 Chœur (Chœur) 'Nous sommes les rois'
- 9bis Scène (Ebba, Chœur) 'Infâmes ravisseurs'
- 10 Trio final (Ebba, Sem, Cham, Chœur) 'Ah ! par grâce !'
Acte II -
- Entr’acte
- Tableau 1
- 11 Chœur dansé et scène (Saraï, Ituriel, Chœur) 'Dansez, dansez'
- 12 Ballet – Divertissement
- A Marche des esclaves
- B Ghazel
- C Entrée des Bayadères
- D Le Scarabée
- E Danse des almées
- F Ballabile – Final
- 13 Scènes (Saraï, Ituriel, Cham, Un Officier) 'N’hésitez plus'
- 14 Duo (Saraï, Cham) 'Je suis celle'
- 15 Scène et Terzetto (Saraï, Ebba, Japhet) 'Dieu ! qu’entends-je ?'
- 16 Final (Saraï, Ebba, Japhet, Ituriel, Cham, Noé, Chœur) 'On approche...'
- 17 Chant d’ivresse (Saraï, Ebba, Ituriel, Cham, Chœur) 'Versez, c’est la folie'
- Tableau 2
- Intermezzo: L’Arc-en-ciel
- 17 [sic] Hymne à Dieu (Saraï, Ebba, Japhet, Ituriel, Cham, Noé, Chœur) 'Dieu clément ! Ô Dieu tutélaire !'
Acte III
Libretto: Jules-Henry Vernoy, Marquis de Saint-Georges (1799–1875), prolific librettist in all genres. The plot is based on the Book of Genesis, chapters 6–9.
Composition: August–November 1869. Halévy died on 17-3-1862 leaving his opera Noé ou le Déluge unfinished. According to Bernard Jouvin in Le Figaro of 20-3-1862, Halévy himself had asked Gevaert to complete it. The task was in fact first offered to Ambroise Thomas. On 25-12-1862 Mme Halévy invited Thomas, St-Georges and Bizet to a meeting at which Thomas passed the undertaking to Bizet. No work was done at that time, though. Pigot says that Bizet began work in 1868, but it is unlikely that he started work before August 1869 when Pasdeloup, who had taken over the management of the Théâtre-Lyrique the year before, signed a contract with Halévy’s widow to stage it. On 12-9-1869 the Revue et gazette musicale reported that it would be given the following January and that Bizet would compose Le Déluge as the final scene. Bizet, who had recently married Halévy’s daughter, was engaged to complete and orchestrate the work by December, although he retained the right to withdraw the work if the right singers were not available. This was in fact the case, and the plan was abandoned.
In 1871 Bizet entertained the hope that the Opéra, under its new director Halanzier, would mount the opera, but nothing came of it.
Bizet orchestrated almost the entire opera, but which sections were composed by him is not easy to determine. Pigot (p. 122) says that Halévy left the vocal parts complete and the bass line indicated in many places, but that there was no harmony and only a few hints at orchestration. Bizet himself said Halévy left three acts ‘almost done’, which implies that Halévy had not begun to compose the substantial fourth act shown in the manuscript librettos. The Revue et gazette musicale said Halévy had orchestrated most of it too. It is likely that Halévy left the Introduction and the recitatives undone.
When the work was finally prepared for performance in 1885, no ballet music and no finale to the last act could be found. The missing last act was replaced by a second tableau to Act III comprising the intermezzo L’arc-en-ciel, evidently not Bizet’s work, and a finale which Choudens adapted from Bizet’s song Chant d’amour, a setting of Lamartine first published by Choudens in 1872. Six ballets were created by adapting the song La Coccinelle and five sections of Djamileh.
Bizet probably composed two sections of the opera which were published as his compositions in 1883, in the posthumous collection of Seize Mélodies: the central section of the Duo no. 3 under the title Pourquoi pleurer ? and part of the Duo no. 14 with the title of its first line 'Qui donc t’aimera mieux ?'. It is certain that the Duo no. 8 is his, since it is adapted mostly from the Duo no. 17 and partly from the Scène no. 2 in Ivan IV. The Entr’acte before Act II includes a passage borrowed from the Introduction no. 1A from Vasco de Gama. Dean has observed that there is 'no doubt that Bizet’s work on Noé was greater than is commonly supposed', citing the end of the Scène no. 9bis as distinctive of Bizet’s style.
Bars 40-60 of the Entr’acte before Act II are derived from the Introduction no. 1A of Vasco de Gama, transposed down to D♭.
The Duo no. 8 is adapted from the Duo no. 17 in Ivan IV.
The six ballet movements were made up as follows:
A Marche des esclaves, from Djamileh (Ouverture bars 1–66)
B Ghazel, from Djamileh (Ghazel no. 3, with a five-bar drone ending)
C Entrée des Bayadères, from Djamileh (Ouverture bars 67–110 with three-bar ending, in D)
D Le Scarabée, from La Coccinelle (bars 1–165 freely adapted and orchestrated, in G)
E Danse des almées, from Djamileh (L’Almée no. 7, bars 1–42 and 63–92 with a four-bar introduction)
F Ballabile – Final, from Djamileh (Trio no. 3, based on bars 1–6 and Ouverture bars 67–110 and 130–153)
Bizet’s numbering:
Act I
1 Introduction, p. 1–18 [ = Introduction and no. 1]
2 Récit et Choeur, p. 1-24 (19-42) [ = nos. 1bis–2]
3 Duo et Romance, p. 1-47 (43-89) [ = nos. 2bis–3]
4 Chœur et scène, p. 1-30 (91-120) [ = no. 4]
5 Final, p. 1-48 (121-68)
Act II
Entr’acte, p. 1-8 (169-76) (with another 4-page ending)
9 Romance, p. 1-14 (177-90) [ = no. 6]
10 Grande scène, p. 1-21 (191-211) [ = no. 7]
11 Duo, p. 1–47 (213-59) [ = no. 8]
12 Chœur et scène, p. 1-16 (261-76) [ = nos. 9–9bis]
13 Trio final, p. 1-43 (277-19) [ = no. 10]
Act III
14 Chœur dansé et scène, p. 1-17 (321-37) [ = no. 11]
16 Scène, p. 1-15 (339-353) [ = no. 13]
17 Duo, p. 1-8 and 15-42, with 9-14 missing (355-96) [ = no. 14]
19 Final, p. 1-22 (397-418) Breaks off unfinished. [ = no. 16]
Facsimile of Chœur dansé
no. 11;
6 Romance, p. 177-190, a duplicate score
10 an alternative ending, p. 315-322
12 Ballets A–F, p. 1–105
15 Scène et Terzetto, p. 1-24
17 Chant d’ivresse, pp. 1-20 (417-436) [no. 19] continues as p. 25-77 (419-473) with many revisions and some pages sewn up.
Intermezzo: L’arc-en-ciel, p. 1-34
F-Pn ThB 2943(1) 35 unnumbered folios, headed Plan. Copyist’s hand. The text, which clearly predates Halévy’s work on the opera, gives a summary of the plot with a few suggestions for verses. The opera is in four acts with a quite different ending. The name Saraï appears as Sarazaï.
F-Pn ThB 2943(2) 42 unnumbered folios, without title. Copyist libretto. The opera is in four acts with a quite different ending. The name is now Saraï. A few passages of dialogue are given at the beginning of the manuscript.
Choudens, 26 Boulevard des Capucines, pl. no.A.C. 6266, 318 p. Copies: GB-Lbl F.85.c., US-CAe HD Mus 693.4.630.7, US-SY.
a | The Table is unchanged, even though the numbering in the score has been changed. | |
b | p. 262: four bars are cut from the orchestral close. | |
c | p. 263 has been reset as no. 17, Chant d'ivresse, on two pages, 263-64. | |
d | p. 271-274 have been reset as p. 272, incorporating a cut of 26 bars, removing the 2/4 section at the end of no. 16 (17 in the new numbering). | |
e | p. 275-77 have been reset as p. 273, incorporating the cut of the 12/8 'O Seigneur'. | |
f | p. 289 has been reset as no. 18, Final on two pages, 285-86. | |
g | p. 292-293 have been reset as p. 289, incorporating the cut of 'Ecoutes, votre fin est prochaine', 14 bars. | |
h | p. 314 (now 310) is unchanged as no. 17 Hymne à Dieu. | |
i | p. 322-323 have been reset as p. 318, cutting the last six sung bars. |
Choudens, 30 Boulevard des Capucines, 318 p. (actually 292 p. since p. 254 is numbered 254–280). The Table now lists 19 numbers. Copies: US-CAe Mus 693.4.630, GB-Lbl F.85.o., US-BLl.
a | The Table has been revised to match the contents. | |
b | p. 173-'175-177' have been reset as p. 173-177 with an additional 12 bars 'Allez mes compagnons' and concluding in A major, not G. Perhaps this was the original version. | |
c | p. 220-224 have been reset as p. 220, incorporating a cut of 88 bars, from 'Va ma foi'. | |
d | p. 232-236 have been reset as p. 228-230, making cuts of 20 bars at 'Eh! bien donc' and 3 bars at 'oui désormais'. | |
e | p. 246 (now 240) is Scène et Orgie, not Final. | |
f | p. 251-259 'On danse' are cut. | |
g | p. 261-262 have been reset as p. 246, cutting four bars of chorus. | |
h | p. 264-277 have been reset as p. 248-251, with substantial cuts. | |
i | p. 280 is renumbered p. 254-280, to restore the pagination from here to the end. |
Choudens père et fils, 30 Boulevard des Capucines. pl. no: A.C. 6266, 292 p., in German (translated by Gustav von Putlitz). Copies: D-Cl, US-SY.
Lucie Galland, Heilbronn, 1999. Reprint of the first 318-page Choudens edition (no. 2 above). IMSLP.
No. 3, Romance, adapted as a song for voice and piano, see Pourquoi pleurer ?
Part of No. 14, adapted as a song for voice and piano, see Qui donc t’aimera mieux ?
'Au mois de janvier prochain, le Théâtre Lyrique [...] donnera Noé, d’Halévy. Cet opéra est presque entièrement orchestré de la main du maître qui a, du reste, noté sur la partition les indications nécessaires à l’achèvement de ce travail. Le dernier acte, qui se compose d’une symphonie : le Déluge, sera écrit par M. Georges Bizet.'
'Après la Jolie Fille de Perth on lui proposa de terminer ou de refaire un opéra de M. de Saint-Georges, Noé, qu’Halévy avait laissé inachevé. Le poème lui plut ; certaines situations en étaient très musicales et bien faites pour séduire un compositeur. Mais il renonça bientôt à l’écrire et ne s’occupa guère alors que de musique instrumentale.'
'J’indiquais plus loin qu’après son mariage, il avait repris ce travail. Quand il m’en causa, au printemps de 1868, j’avais compris qu’il ne s’agit pas simplement d’orchestrer, mais que des morceaux entiers n’étaient pas commencés. Même encore, je crois me rappeler qu’il me parla notamment d’une belle musique symphonique à écrire au début d’un acte, le rideau levé, avec le décor du désert, l’ange debout se détachant en silhouette sur la clarté de l’aube et veillant sur le sommeil de la femme allongée au pied d’un palmier.'
‘Note des éditeurs’ in the full score and in the 318-page vocal score: ‘Le Ballet et le dernier Final – L’Hymne à Dieu – n’ont pas été trouvés dans les manuscrits de NOÉ. La partition a été complétée avec des œuvres de GEORGES BIZET:
1 | Fragments de Djamileh | pour le ballet, No. 12 | |
2 | La Coccinelle | pour le ballet, No. 12 | |
3 | Chanson d’Amour | pour l’Hymne à Dieu, No. 19. |
5-4-1885 | Karlsruhe, Grossherzoglicher Hoftheater, conducted by Felix Mottl, in German (translated by
Gustav von Putlitz)
|
11-1886 | Cologne, in German
|
2-2-1887 | Warsaw, in Polish |
10-10-2004 | Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne, in French |
O Français Albéric Magnard, cond. Emmanuel Calef, Cascavelle 2005 (DVD)
- Noé – Jean Philippe Courtis
- Saraï – Anne-Sophie Schmidt
- Ituriel – Philippe Do
- Cham – Matthieu Lécroart
- Ebba – Karen Vourc'h
- Sem – Mathias Vidal
- Japhet – Céline Victores-Benavente
- Eliacin – Paul Médioni
- Pigot (1886) 122-23, 140, 147-48, 323-26, 334-35
- Pigot (1911) 111, 124, 131, 286-87
- Curtiss 123, 252-54, 465, 471
- Dean 84, 85, 144, 155, 164, 169, 192-94, 262, 288
- Wright 36, 198
- Lacombe 335, 456-59, 465, 629
- Revue et gazette musicale, 1869, p.336
- The Musical World, 15-1-1870