8
Djamileh
opéra-comique en un acte
op. 24
Ouverture - | ||
1 | Chœur et rêverie (Haroun, chœur) 'Le soleil s’en va' - 129 bars | |
Dialogue | ||
2 | Duo et couplets (Haroun, Splendiano) 'Songez-y bien ! - 164 bars | |
Dialogue | ||
3 | Trio et Ghazel (Djamileh, Haroun, Splendiano) 'Quelle pâleur est sur ta joue ?' - 234 bars | |
Dialogue | ||
Ghazel (Djamileh) 'Nour-Eddin, roi de Lahore' - 227 bars | ||
4 | Scène et chœur (Haroun, Splendiano, amis de Haroun) 'Salut ! salut ! seigneur Haroun' - 158 bars | |
Dialogue | ||
5 | Chanson (Haroun, chœur) 'La fortune est femme' - 23 bars | |
Dialogue | ||
6 | Lamento (Djamileh) 'Sans doute l'heure est prochaine' - 61 bars | |
Dialogue | ||
6bis | Mélodrame (Splendiano, le marchand, Haroun) 'Non ! je ne veux pas vous imposer' - 30 bars (+ 16 repeated) | |
7 | L'Almée : danse et chœur (Amis d'Haroun, esclaves et musiciens) 'Froide et lente' - 92 bars | |
Dialogue | ||
7bis | Sortie d'Haroun et de ses amis - 9 bars (+ 7 repeated) | |
Dialogue | ||
8 | Couplets (Splendiano) 'Il faut pour éteindre ma fièvre' - 93 bars | |
Dialogue | ||
8bis | Mélodrame (Splendiano, Haroun) 'Si vous saviez' - 27 bars | |
9 | Duo final (Djamileh, Haroun) 'Est-ce la crainte ?' - 309 bars |
- Djamileh, esclave – mezzo-soprano
- Haroun, prince – ténor
- Splendiano, intendant d’Haroun – ténor ou baryton
- Un marchand d’esclaves - parlé
- Une almée - danseuse
- Chœur (amis d’Haroun, esclaves et musiciens)
Libretto: by Louis Gallet (1835–98), librettist of Don Rodrigue and Geneviève de Paris, after the brief Chant III of the poem Namouna by Alfred de Musset (1810–57), first published in Un Spectacle dans un fauteuil in 1833. Gallet claimed that some elements of the story were taken from an eighteenth-century collection of tales. On Du Locle's advice the name Namouna was changed to Djamileh, and the name Hassan to Haroun. The character Splendiano is Gallet’s creation.
Composition: July 1871 – late 1871. After the Opéra-Comique refused to mount Grisélidis in the summer of 1871, the theatre’s director Camille du Locle offered Bizet a libretto by Gallet based on de Musset’s poem Namouna, originally in two acts and originally offered to the composer Duprato. Galabert recorded that Bizet had often expressed a wish to write an opera on de Musset’s Namouna. Du Locle persuaded Gallet to change the name of the opera and of the main role to Djamileh. Bizet composed the music during the summer, a process described by Gallet in some detail in his Notes d’un librettiste, and it was probably completed within a month or two. It was not staged until the following May. Eleven performances were given in 1872, but despite the announcement of a revival the following year (Revue et gazette musicale, 19-1-1873), it was not revived until 1889.
Self-borrowing (from): Bizet asked Gallet to provide new words for an air which he had composed earlier and wished to adapt for Djamileh. The air, beginning 'Jardins où l'ombre est descendue', refers to a character named Renaud, suggesting perhaps an origin in Les Templiers. There is no number in Djamileh which matches the situation or the metre of these words, so the idea was probably discarded (see Lacombe, p. 523–24).
- Ouverture, bars 1–66, as Ballet A
- Ouverture, bars 67–110, as part of Ballet C
- Ouverture, bars 67–110 and 129–53, as part of Ballet F
- No. 3, Ghazel, as Ballet B
- No. 7, bars 1–42 and 63–92, as part of Ballet E
Djamileh Ouverture | p. 1–33, 3 blanks | ||
No 1 | Chœur et rêverie | p. 1–29, 3 blanks | |
No 2 | Duo et Couplets | p. 1–52 | |
No 3 | Trio et Ballade | p. 1–71, blank | |
No 4 | Scène et chœur | p. 1–31, blank | |
No 5 | Chanson (dans la coulisse) | p. [1], blank | |
No 6 | Lamento | p. 1–10, 2 blanks | |
No 6bis | Mélodrame | p. [1], blank | |
No 7 | L’Almée Danse et chœur | p. 1–23, blank | |
No 7bis | Sortie | p. [1], blank | |
No 8 | Couplets | p. 1–15, blank | |
No 8bis | Mélodrame | p. [1–2] | |
No 9 | Duo et Chœur final | p. 1–73, blank |
[6] + 30 p.
1872
This publication included a dedicatory poem to Du Locle, probably written by Gallet, dated 19-5-1872, also an offstage chorus before no. 4:
Tandis qu’une voix austèreNous invite à la prière,Du haut du blanc minaret,Donnons au plaisir nos heuresEt chassons de nos demeures,L’ennui, cet hôte indiscret.
This was the cue for Splendiano’s line 'J’entends vos amis' (vocal score, p. 71). Presumably Bizet omitted the chorus when he wrote the preceding dialogue as mélodrame.
Stockholm, 1889, in Swedish (translated by Ernst Lundquist). US-Wc (Schatz 1057).
Sonzogno, Milan, 36 p., 1890, in Italian (translated by Vincenzo Valle). US-CAt
Simrock, Berlin, 22 p., 1892, in German (translated by Ludwig Hartmann). CH-Bps, D-B, GB-Lbl, US-Wc (Schatz 1056), US-STu.
Ahn and Simrock, Berlin, 22 p., 1916, in German (translated by Ludwig Hartmann). D-B.
A.C. 2380
wrapper, title page, blank, Table, music p. 4–129, blank
May 1872
Bibliographie de la France , 15-6-1872, @ 8 fr., and again on 7-12-1872.
Bizet’s contract with Choudens (Fonds Choudens) is dated 20-3-1872. It provided for the payment of 4000 francs: 1000 at the 40th perf, 1000 at the 60th, 1000 at the 80th, 1000 at the 100th. Since the Ministry of Beaux-Arts authorised the distribution of this score to conservatoires and public libraries (Revue et gazette musicale, 28-7-1872), a great number of copies of the 1872 vocal scores (both issues) are known.
Choudens, 265 rue du Faubourg St Honoré, pl. no. A.C. 2380, 129 p., 1872. Op. 24 has been added twice on the title page, and a footnote added on p. 30. Reissued from later addresses. IMSLP.
Sonzogno, Milan, pl. no. 8694, 143 p., 1892, in Italian (translated by Vincenzo Valle). I-Mc, US-BO, US-Lu.
Ascherberg, London, 146 p., 1892, as The Slave in Love – L’esclave amoureuse, in French and English (translated by Joseph Bennett). IMSLP.
Simrock, Berlin, pl. no. 9801, 98 p., 1892, in German (translated by Ludwig Hartmann).
Choudens, A.C. 20,029, 118 p., 1962, in French and English (translated by Jess Perlman).
Belwin Mills, Melville, 129 p., no date, as Kalmus Vocal Score no. 9572, reprinted from Choudens 129-page edition.
1, 1bis | Rêverie, from no. 1, ‘Dans la blonde fumée’, in B and G. | |
2 | Duo, from no. 2, ‘A la fleur’ | |
3, 3bis | Romance, from no. 2, ‘Tu veux savoir’, in F sharp minor and E minor | |
4 | Trio, from no. 3, ‘Quelle pâleur est sur ta joue’ | |
5, 5bis | Ballade, from no. 3, ‘Nour-Eddin, roi de Lahore’, in D minor and C minor | |
6 | Chanson, from no. 5, ‘La fortune est femme’ | |
7, 7bis | Lamento, from no. 6, ‘Sans doute l’heure est prochaine’, in A minor and G minor | |
8, 8bis | Couplets, from no. 8, ‘Il faut pour éteindre’, in G and F | |
9 | Duo, from no. 9, ‘Est-ce la crainte ?’ |
Choudens, as no. 6 of Vingt mélodies, 1873, p. 34–38, as J’aime l’amour, in two keys, F minor and D minor, with an accompaniment different from that in the vocal score.
Hansen, Copenhagen, pl. no. 12383, 7 p., 1898, as J’aime l’amour, in Swedish, French and Danish. D-B.
Simrock, Berlin, 1892, in German.
Bong, Berlin, 1909, Goldene Leier, vol. 3, p. 105-107, edited by C. Morena, as Djamilehs Klage, in German (translated by Ludwig Hartmann). D-B Mus. 9763.
Ascherberg, London, pl. no. E. A. & Co., 7 p., 1892, as ‘I need to cool my fever burning’, in French and English (translated by Joseph Bennett), in two keys.
none
title page, blank, Table, blank, music p. 1–245, then 96, 96/1–96/34, the supplement being the Trio before the Ghazel in no. 3, omitted in the main body of the score. The Ghazel is headed No 3 Ballade.
1892
The score is lithographed from a copyist’s manuscript, identified on p. 245 as: Autog: de Barbière, 23, rue Trèzel. Those sections that were used as ballets in Noé (Ouverture and nos 3 and 7) had already been published in full score in 1886, but they were modified in various ways and were not used in the printed score of Djamileh.
Simrock, Berlin, pl. no. 9781, 39 p., 1892. IMSLP.
Cranz, Brussels, pl. no. C.45058, 27 p., c. 1910. IMSLP.
Höflich, Munich, no. 1296, 32 p., c. 2010.
Simrock, Berlin, pl. no. 9809, 62 p., as Aegyptischer Tanz, ed. Paul Klengel.
Choudens, pl. no. A.C. 9519 (string parts), A.C. 9001 (wind parts), c. 1892. D-WRha
Simrock, Berlin, as advertised on the score of the extract, pl. no. 9782.
Choudens, 1872, advertised on title page of the vocal score extracts @ 5 fr.
Simrock, Berlin, pl. no. 9847, 83 p., 1892.
Choudens, A.C. 2380, 12 p., 1872, extracted from vocal score. Later issued as no. 5 in Collection d'Ouvertures Pour Piano (GB-NWm).
Simrock, Berlin, pl. no. 9801.9845.9847, 7 p., 1892.
Europa, Berlin, pl. no. 621, 7 p., 1910.
Choudens, in Classe supérieure du piano, 2e volume, p. 132–39, c. 1886, as Danse des Almées.
Simrock, Berlin, pl. no. 9855, 10 p., as Aegyptische Tanz.
Europa, Berlin, pl. no. 247, 11 p., 1909.
Simrock, Berlin, pl. no. 9849, 15 p.
Benjamin, Hamburg, 11 p., c. 1910.
Simrock, Berlin, pl. no. 9853, 11 p., 1892.
Simrock, Berlin, pl. no. 9854, 19 p., 1892, as Aegyptische Tanz.
Simrock, Berlin, pl. no. 9850, 15 p., 1892.
London, 1911, as Selection, arranged by H. Tolhurst.
Bellmann & Thümer, Dresden, as Phantasie, 27 p., 1907, arr. Albert Förster.
Dedicatee: Camille du Locle (1832–1903), director of the Opéra-Comique from 1870 to 1876.
'L’air en question avait le défaut d’être un peu trop sérieux pour le personnage léger qui devait l’interpréter. Ce défaut devient une qualité pour Namouna. Je suis content de ce morceau et si vous pouviez le suivre pas à pas, vous me rendriez bien service. Je suis assommant ! mais c’est mon rôle ! Espérons que celui de Namouna est plus intéressant !.. Je vous transcris non seulement l’air, mais aussi le récit qui le précède, non pas que je sois assez... malicieux pour vous demander de le parodier, mais simplement pour vous indiquer certaines intentions que je vais souligner [...] la pénétrante impression que produisent sur une âme inquiète, triste et poétique ces merveilleuses nuits du golfe de Naples ou de la Sicile. Voici:
C’en est fait... il l’épouse, et leur hymen s’apprête...Ils iront à l’autel quand sonnera minuit !..Quel trouble étrange me poursuitEt me chasse de cette fête ?...Non ! sans courroux je ne puis voirCette fille inconnue, et si fière et si belle,Sous le dais de velours près de Renaud s'asseoir !Pourtant... si c'était moi qu'il épousait ce soir,N'aurais-je pas dans l'âme une angoisse mortelle ?(un silence)Quel doux parfum la brise apporte dans son vol !Oh ! c'est un jeu sans doute, et cette pauvre fille,Renaud la renverra, ce soir, à sa famille.(un silence)J'entends sous les lauriers chanter le rossignol !AirJardins où l'ombre est descendue,Calme charmant des nuits d'été,Rendez à mon cœur agitéL'heureuse paix qu'il a perdue...Vous qui sous les cieux étoilésConfondez vos haleines pures,Souffles des bois, parfums, mumures,Conseillez-moi, j'attends, parlez !J'ai trop voulu nier et combattre et sourire,L'amour punit enfin mon orgueil insensé !...Mon jour vient, je le sens... Mais je ne saurais lireDans ce cœur imprudent que le doute a blessé !Est-ce gai conteur, est-ce Renaud que j'aime ?Qui pourrait me dire à moi-mêmeQuel nom l'amour vengeur dans mon cœur a tracé ?Jardins où l'ombre est descendue [etc.]
'Quant au duo je vous laisse à votre inpiration. Seulement, ne le faites pas trop long et finissez-le par une chose légère, rapide, il nous faut un effet, et nous l'aurons ! [...] Les couplets du Paradis de Mahomet bien paillards, n'est-ce pas ?'
'Le sort de « cette pauvre fille », c’était son expression, éveillait sa compassion.'
Saint-Saëns wrote a sonnet in praise of Djamileh, dated 6-1872 (see Gallet, Notes d'un librettiste, p. 40–41, and Lacombe, p. 552).
- 22-5-1872, Paris, Opéra-Comique, on a triple bill with Deffès's
opéra-comique Le Café du roi and Gounod's Le Médecin
malgré lui.
- Haroun – Duchesne
- Splendiano – Potel
- Le Marchand – Julien
- Djamileh – Mme Aline Prelly
- L’Almée – Mme Antonia
- conductor – Deloffre
The eleventh and last performance was on 29-6-1872.
|
25-2-1889 | Stockholm
|
Swedish (translated by Ernst Lundquist) |
28-10-1890 | Rome | Italian |
10-9-1892 | Dublin | English |
17-9-1892 | Prague | Czech |
22-9-1892 | Manchester | English |
1-10-1892 | Berlin | German (tr. Ludwig Hartmann) |
21-10-1892 | Hamburg (conductor Mahler) | German |
13-6-1893 | London | French |
10-1893 | Italy |
11-12-1893 | St Petersburg | Russian |
6-4-1895 | Budapest | Hungarian |
5-5-1896 | Milan, Teatro lirico | Italian |
20-12-1896 | Frankfurt | German |
2-4-1897 | Riga | German |
22-1-1898 |
Vienna, Hofoper (conductor Mahler)
|
German |
13-5-1902 | Zagreb | Croatian |
13-3-1904 | Basel | German |
4-1905 | Barcelona | Spanish |
9-9-1905 | Copenhagen | Danish |
20-4-1906 | Zurich | |
24-2-1913 |
Boston
|
|
15-2-1914 | Freiburg-im-Breisgau | |
1919 | Belgrade | Serbian |
18-12-1919 | London | English |
10-1923 | Stockholm | |
15-9-1927 | Berlin | German |
15-3-1933 | Brussels | |
9-2-1938 | Vienna | German |
27-10-1938 | Paris, Opéra-Comique | |
26-7-1957 | Hintlesham | |
17-11-1957 | London, BBC | |
7-12-1959 | New York (concert performance) | |
9-12-1966 | London, Guildhall | |
23-11-1979 | Tours | |
10-1986 | New York | |
1987 | Toronto | |
1990 | Paris, Opéra-Comique | |
16-3-1991 | Stamford, Conn. | |
8-1993 | Weissenkirchen, Austria | |
13-3-1994 | London, Chelsea Opera Group | |
5-1-2001 | New York (concert performance) | |
14-5-2004 | Leeds | |
9-10-2005 | Compiègne | |
29-7-2006 | Guildford | English (tr. Guy Davenport) |
28-3-2007 | Lyon | |
3-8-2008 | Chicago | |
3-10-2008 | Pittsburgh | |
12-2011 | London (Royal College of Music) | |
20-2-2015 | Budapest | |
22-3-2016 | Rouen |
- BBC Midland O, Leo Wurmser, 1957
- Djamileh – Jennifer Vyvyan
- Haroun – Alexander Young
- Splendiano – Bruce Boyce
- English translation by Geoffrey Dunn
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_kgQL4LoTg
- O unnamed, Robert Alpress, 196?
- ORTF, André Girard, 1975
- Münchener RO, Lamberto Gardelli, Orfeo 1988
- Djamileh – Lucia Popp
- Haroun – Franco Bonisolli
- Splendiano – Jean-Louis Lafont
- Hassan – Jacques Pineau
- Bavarian RO Chorus
- ON d’Ile de France, Jacques Mercier, BMG 1999
- Djamileh – Marie-Ange Todorovitch
- Haroun – Jean-Luc Maurette
- Splendiano – François Le Roux
- Le marchand d'esclaves – Jean-Louis Grinfeld
- Chœur régional Vittoria d'Ile de France
- Hungarian TV, Ferenc Nagy, 2016
- Djamileh – Éva Bátori
- Haroun – József Csák
- Splendiano – János Martin
- Le marchand d'esclaves – Gellért Raksányi
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTUZNJ6WlM8
- Poznan PO, Łukasz Borowicz, DUX 1412, 2018
- Djamileh - Jennifer Feinstein
- Haroun – Eric Barry
- Splendiano – George Mosley
- Poznan Chamber Choir
- Huguette Tourangeau, Suisse Romande, Bonynge, 1971
- Denyce Graves, Monte Carlo PO, Soustrot, 2005
- Zsófia Kálnay, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgXnByh2dmo
- Riccardo Zadra, 1995
- Pigot (1886) 42, 107, 151-71, 174, 176, 210, 220, 291, 318, 325, 334, 338
- Pigot (1911) 40-41, 98, 103, 135-52, 155-56, 183, 192, 252, 282, 287
- Curtiss 301-4, 306, 308, 311-12, 318-29, 336, 349, 351, 362, 379, 396, 402, 413, 434, 436, 465, 471
- Dean 85, 94-95, 97-100, 106, 128, 154, 164, 174, 177, 180, 186, 189, 191-92, 195-99, 226-27, 231, 248-49, 262, 288
- Wright 5, 8, 16, 20, 30, 71, 125, 133, 260, 333, 338, 361
- Lacombe 12, 117, 121, 194, 305, 312, 368, 469, 504, 515-30, 536-86, 588, 596, 603-06, 612, 632, 638, 649, 651, 656, 676-77, 683, 709, 723, 727, 729, 731-2, 736
- Clément et Larousse, Dictionnaire Lyrique, Deuxième Supplément (Paris, 1873), p. 786
- Anon., 'Bizet's Djamileh', Musical Times, 34 (1-3-1893), p. 141.
- L. Gallet, Notes d’un librettiste (Paris, 1891), p. 9–48
- Ludwig Hartmann, "Die Perlenfischer"; "Djamileh"; Zwei Opern (Leipzig: H. Seemann, 1900)
- Olin Downes, ‘American première for a Bizet opera’, Musical America, 17/18 (1913)
- John W. Klein, ‘Bizet’s “Djamileh”’, Musical Opinion (1-1940), p. 151–52
- John W. Klein, ‘Reflections on Bizet’s “Djamileh”’, Music Review, 35 (1974), p. 293–300.
- Ralph P. Locke, 'Cutthroats and Casbah Dancers, Muezzins and Timeless Sands,' 19th Century Music, 22 (1998), p. 37-38.
- David Charlton, 'Opera as Poetry: Djamileh and the ironies of orientalism', in Art and Ideology in European opera: essays in honour of Julian Rushton, ed. Cowgill, Cooper and Brown (Woodbridge, 2010).