30
L’Arlésienne
drame en trois actes et cinq tableaux
op. 23
Contents as in 1872 vocal score:
- 1 Prélude-Ouverture
- 2 Mélodrame
- 3 Mélodrame
- 4 Mélodrame
- 5 Chœur et mélodrame 'Grand soleil de la Provence'
- 6 Mélodrame et chœur final 'Grand soleil de la Provence'
-
- 7 Pastorale (Entr’acte et chœur) 'La la la'
- 8 Mélodrame
- 9 Mélodrame
- 10 Mélodrame
- 11 Chœur 'La la la'
- 12 Mélodrame
- 13 Mélodrame
- 14 Mélodrame et Chœur 'La la la'
Tableau 1 -
- 15 Entr’acte
- 16 Final
-
17
Intermezzo (Valse-Menuet)
(of which 24 are to be repeated).
Tableau 2
-
- 18 Carillon
- 19 Mélodrame
- 20 Reprise de l’Intermezzo [no. 17]
- 21 Mélodrame
- 22 Farandole et Chœur 'Le flutet de Marie'
Tableau 1 -
- 23 Entr’acte et Chœur 'De bon matin'
- 24 Chœur 'Sur un char doré'
- 25 Mélodrame
- 26 Mélodrame
- 27 Final
Tableau 2
- Francet Mamaï, fermier du Castelet, 65 ans
- Fréderi, son petit-fils, 20 ans
- Balthazar, chef des bergers, 70 ans
- Le patron Marc, marinier du Rhône
- Mitifio, un gardien de chevaux, 30 ans
- L’équipage
- Un valet
- Rose Mamaï, 40 ans
- Renaude, 70 ans
- L’Innocent, second petit-fils de Francet, 13 ans
- Vivette, 17 ans
- Une servante
Play: Alphonse Daudet (1840–97), Provençal novelist and playwright. The play was written in 1869, based on a recent incident, the suicide of a nephew of the poet Mistral, frustrated in his passion for a woman from Béziers. Daudet had first published a brief version of the story in L’Événement in August 1866. In the play the nameless girl from Arles, the object of Fréderi's love, does not herself appear.
Composition: July – August 1872. In July 1872 Léon Carvalho, having recently taken over the direction of the Théâtre du Vaudeville, commissioned Bizet to compose music for Daudet’s play L’Arlésienne. Bizet conceived the plan of an unusual instrumental group, with vocal music confined to a chorus. He drew on three Provençal melodies collected by François Vidal in Lou Tambourin, Istori de l'Estrumen Prouvençau (Avignon, 1864): Marcho dei Rèi (used in the Prélude-Ouverture, and in nos 22 and 23), Èr dou Guet (in no. 13), and Danso dei chivau-frus (in nos 22 and 23). The Marcho dei Rèi is also a tune known as the Marche de Turenne, once attributed to Lully, and its sung text, in no. 23, is by the 18th-century abbé J.-F. Domergue. See J. Clamon, ‘Bizet et le folklore provençal’, Revue de musicologie, 22/68 (11-1938), p. 150–53, for the origin of these tunes.
The work was poorly received, and cuts were made during the run of nineteen performances in October 1872.
Bizet at once arranged four movements for full orchestra as the Arlésienne Suite [no. 1] and adapted the Pastorale (no. 7) as a song in the collection Vingt Mélodies under the title Le Matin. He adapted the Mélodrame [no. 19] as the song Lamento. The second Arlésienne Suite and a host of other adaptations, including the Agnus Dei and Ave Maria, were arranged posthumously by other hands.
The music was highly successful when the play was revived in 1885 in a modified version with full orchestra and in the concert hall as two suites. Revivals of the play on Parisian stages were frequent until the 1950s.
Self-borrowing (from): The Innocent’s theme at the Andante in no. 1 appears in the sketches for Grisélidis.
Autograph full score: F-Pn MS 435, bequest of Mme Geneviève Bizet-Straus. 30-stave paper, 350 x 275 mm., 116 f. (210 p. of music, 22 bl.), each section separately titled and paginated by Bizet, and continuously paginated in another hand. The play is divided into five, not three, acts. The reprise of the Intermezzo as no. 20 is not shown. An original no. 5 appears to be missing, presumably discarded. Gallica.
L’Arlésienne No. 1 Prélude | p. 1–26 | p. 1–26 |
L’Arlésienne Acte I No. 2 Mélodrame | p. 1–3, blank | p. 27–30 |
L’Arlésienne Acte I No. 3 Mélodrame | p. 1–3, blank | p. 31–34 |
L’Arlésienne Acte I No. 4 Mélodrame | p. 1–3, blank | p. 35–38 |
L’Arlésienne Acte I No. 6 [no. 5] Chœur et Mélodrame | p. 1–7, blank | p. 39–46 |
L’Arlésienne Acte I No.7 [no. 6] Mélodrame et chœur final | p. 1–7, blank | p. 47–54 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 2 No. 8 [no. 7] Pastorale – Entr’acte et Chœur | p. 1–22 | p. 55–76 |
L’Arlésienne 2e Acte No. 8 Mélodrame | p. 1–3, blank | p. 77–80 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 2 No. 9 Mélodrame | p. 1–3, blank | p. 81–84 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 2 No. 9bis [no. 10] Mélodrame | p. 1, blank | p. 85–86 |
L’Arlésienne 2e Acte No. 10 [no. 11] Chœur dans la coulisse | p. 1–3, blank | p. 87–90 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 2 No. 11 [no. 12] Mélodrame | p. 1–2, 2 blank | p. 91–94 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 2 No. 12 [no. 13] Mélodrame | p. 1–4 | p. 95–98 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 2 No. 13 [no. 14] Final | p. 1–4 | p. 99–102 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 3 No. 14 [no. 15] Entr’acte | p. 1–10, 2 blank | p. 103–14 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 3 No. 15 [no. 16] final | p. 1–3, blank | p. 115–18 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 4 No. 16 Entr’acte [no. 17] A. Valse-Menuet | p. 1–22 | p. 119–40 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 4 No. 16 Entr’acte [no. 18] B. Carillon | p. 23–31, blank | p. 141–50 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 4 No. 17 [no. 19] Mélodrame | p. 1–17, blank | p. 151–68 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 4 No. 18 [no. 21] Mélodrame | p. 1–3, blank | p. 169–73 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 4 No. [deletion] [no. 22] final | p. 1–17, blank | p. 174–92 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 5 No. 20 [no. 23] Entr’acte et chœur | p. 1–23, blank | p. 193–216 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 5 No. 21 [no. 24] | p. 1–3, blank | p. 217–20 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 5 No. 22 [no. 25] Mélodrame | p. 1–4 | p. 221–24 |
L’Arlésienne Acte 5 No. 23 [no. 26] Mélodrame | p. 1–4 | p. 225–28 |
L’Arlésienne Acte V No. 24 [no. 27] final | p. 1–2, 2 blank | p. 229–32 |
Sold at Sotheby’s, London, on 19-5-1989. 12-stave paper, 2 f. (title page, 3 p. of music). Title: à Madame Georges Bizet née Halévy L’Arlésienne symphonies en chœurs composées pour le Drame en 3 actes et 5 tableaux d’Alphonse Daudet par Georges Bizet Op. 23. Bars 1–76 of the Prélude-Ouverture. Page 2 is reproduced in the sale catalogue. This manuscript was marked up by the engraver of the published vocal score.
Private collection. 12-stave paper, 28 f. (music paginated 4–58, blank), the remainder of the same manuscript.
Daudet’s autograph: F-Pn n.a.fr. 14346, f. 22–25: four letters to Bizet sending verses (see Curtiss, p. 461-62).
F-Pn MS 444, gift of M. Sibilat, executor of Emile Straus’s estate. 5 cahiers 4o, 72 f. Manuscript copy of the play, annotated by Bizet with titles of movements and sketches of music in the margin. Each cahier is stamped Copies Dramatiques G. Leduc, Rue Mazagran Impasse Mazagran 8, près la Bould Bonne Nouvelle. Gallica.
F-Pan F18 767, copyist’s manuscript submitted to the censorship bureau, 5-9-1872, approved 28-9-1872.
Private collection, mise-en-scène reprographiée, 36 p., probably from after 1885.
F-Pbh, Association de la Régie théâtrale A 21, (I) and (II). Two manuscript staging manuals evidently from c. 1890.
103 p., in-16o. The wrapper describes the
work as Pièce en trois actes et cinq tableaux avec
symphonies de M. G. Bizet. Copies:
Lemerre, 103 p., [1885]. Reprinted 1931.
Ahn, Cologne, no date, in German (translated by
Ad. Ebeling).
Houssiaux, 1909, in t. II of Œuvres complètes de Alphonse Daudet: Théâtre, p. 1-98.
A.C. 2484
title page, blank, Table [1], music p. 2–85
October 1872 (dépôt légal 13-11-1872)
F-Po Rés.1042 (inscribed by Bizet to Victor Wilder: 'Si vous continuez vos éreintemens, Monsieur, je vous enverrai Djamileh ! Ne me poussez pas jusqu’aux Pêcheurs de Perles ! Milles amitiés Georges Bizet')
US-CAe Mus 629.1.681.1 PHI (inscribed by Bizet to Guiraud)
US-NYpm (inscribed by Bizet to Marie Trélat)
US-NYpm (inscribed by Choudens to Pougin)
F-Pn Vm7 2281
E-Mn M/1375
GB-En, GB-Lbbc, GB-Lbl, GB-NWm, GB-Ob Mus.23 d.30
US-AAu, US-Bp, US-BEm, US-NH, US-NYp, US-STu, US-SLp, US-Wc
A copy inscribed by Bizet to Daudet belonged formerly to Mrs Mary A. Benjamin, New York.
Choudens père et fils, 265 Rue St-Honoré, pl. no. A.C. 2484, 77 p., 1885. Reissued from later addresses. Some copies have pl. no. 3273 on those pages which had been included in the collection Ballets et fragments.
no. 7 | (RIDEAU) removed | |
no. 14 | All but the last nine bars are cut | |
no. 17 | Extended with a six-bar coda, as in the Arlésienne Suite | |
no. 18 | Extended to 148 bars, as in the Arlésienne Suite | |
no. 20 | Omitted | |
nos. 21, 22 | Renumbered 20 and 21 | |
no. 22 (‘21’) | Reduced to 68 bars, with no chorus | |
no. ‘22’ | A reprise of the Adagio section of no. 19 as an Entr’acte | |
no. 23 | Begins at bar 50 at the Allegro giocoso |
A.C. 6647
title page, blank, 1–133
1886. The first page of music shows Choudens’ 26 Boulevard des Capucines address (1885–86).
King’s Music, Huntingdon, 2 vols, 150 p., 1989, edited by Clifford Bartlett. The original 1872 scoring, but the 1885 sequence.
Höflich, Munich, no. 374,
133 p., 2005, reprint of
Choudens
1886 edition.
Gallica, pl. no. A.C. 21309, 164 p., 2010, edited by Hervé Lacombe. The first full score of the original 1872 version.
- Nos 1, 17, 19 and 18 arranged by Bizet as L’Arlésienne – Suite d’orchestre, 1872. See L’Arlésienne Suite.
- No. 22 scored for full orchestra and inserted in the printed full score of
Carmen, 1877, as a ballet, no. 25B.
Guiraud’s twelve-page manuscript is bound into the autograph full
score of Carmen.
F-Pn MS 439 . - The Andantino of no. 7 inserted, without chorus, in the printed full score of
Carmen, 1877, as a ballet, no. 25C.
Guiraud’s four-page manuscript is bound into the autograph full
score of Carmen.
F-Pn MS 439. - Nos 7, 15 and 22 arranged by Guiraud as three movements of L’Arlésienne – 2e Suite d’orchestre in 1879. See L’Arlésienne Suite.
- Pastorale (no. 7), see Le Matin
- Mélodrame (no. 19), see Lamento
- Prélude-Ouverture (no. 1) (from bar 90), as Ave Maria: Choudens fils, pl. no. A.C. 9537, 5 p., c. 1894, in Latin or French (words by Charles Grandmougin), in three keys, also for voice, violin or cello, piano or organ, and in many other arrangements. Also issued by several publishers in England and the USA.
- Entr’acte (no. 15), as Agnus Dei, mélodie religieuse: Choudens Editeur, pl. no. A.C. 7127–7129, c. 1889, in Latin, in three keys, also for voice, violin or cello, piano or organ (pl. no. 7013), and in many other arrangements. Also issued by several publishers in England and the USA.
-
1
Choudens, 30 Boulevard des Capucines, pl. no. A.C. 7015 (or 2484-7015 for pages borrowed from the vocal score), 53 p., 1886. This corresponds to the 77-page vocal score (second version). The arrangement is attributed to Bizet. Reissued from later addresses.
-
2
Schirmer, New York, pl. no. 12475, 45 p., 1895.
- Prélude:
- 1
Choudens, pl. no. A.C. 6987, 2 p., 1886, as 'Marche des Rois', no. 14 of Les Soirées Intimes. GB-NWm.
- 2
Europa, Berlin, no. 761, 7 p., 1911.
- Nos 5, 15:
- 1
Choudens, in Chansons-mélodies for piano, 1886.
- No. 7
- 1
Choudens, pl. no. A.C. 6979, 2 p., 1886, as 'Pastorale', no. 19 of Les Soirées Intimes. GB-NWm.
- Nos 7, 15, 17:
- 1
Choudens, in Classe supérieure du piano, 2e vol., 1886, p. 52–60, 104–08, 1–6.
- No. 15:
- 1
Choudens, pl. no. A.C. 6621, 5 p., as Entr’acte (la Ferme).
- No. 22
- 1
Choudens, pl. no. A.C. 6980, 2 p., 1886, as 'Farandole', no. 16 of Les Soirées Intimes. GB-NWm.
- Potpourri:
- 1
Europa, Berlin, no. 245, 11 p., 1909.
- Charles Hubans, Fantaisie: Choudens, pl. no. A.C. 7357, 10 p., 1886. GB-NWm.
- 1
Choudens père et fils, 30 Boulevard des Capucines, pl. no. A.C. 7118, 73 p., arranged by André Wormser. This corresponds to the 77-page vocal score.
F-Pn Ac.p.1844 - 2
Schirmer, New York, pl. no. 12476, 63 p., 1895.
- Nos. 23 and 24:
- 1
Choudens, pl. no. A.C. 8089, 4 p., c. 1888, as Marche des rois mages, no. 11 of Répertoire des Ecoles Primaires, for boys’ or girls’ voices.
F-Pn 4o Vm7 2057 (73) (voice parts only) .L’étoile luitEt les Rois conduitPar longs chemins, devant un pauvre étableL’étoile luitEt les Rois conduitPar longs chemins, devant l’humble réduit.Au fils de Dieuqui naquit en ce lieu,Ils viennent tous présenter leurs hommages,Au fils de Dieuqui naquit en ce lieuIls viennent tous présenter leurs doux vœux.De beaux présents,Or, myrrhe et encens,Ils vont offrir au maître tant admirable,De beaux présents,Or, myrrhe et encens,Ils vont offrir au bienheureux enfant.Perhaps these were the original words of the Marcho dei Rei (Air Provençal) which Bizet indicates in a footnote in the vocal score is the origin of the tune. -
2
Novello, London, 1935, as March of the Three Kings, an ‘Old Provençal For Chorus of Men’s Voices’, in English (translated by Edward Bliss Reed). This is a version in F minor of no. 23, arranged by David Stanley Smith. It was also published for SATB, and also issued by H. W. Gray, New York.
Dedicatee: Jacob-Hippolyte Rodrigues (1812–92), brother of Bizet's mother-in-law Léonie Halévy, a voluminous writer who dabbled in composition, and a devoted friend of Bizet. The autograph vocal score shows that Bizet originally intended to dedicate the work to his wife.
- Francet Mamaï – Cornaglia
- Frédéri – Abel
- Balthazar – Jean-Auguste Parade
- Le patron Marc – Colson
- Mitifio – Régnier
- L’Équipage – Pierre Lacroix
- Un valet – Moisson
- Rose Mamaï – Anaïs Fargueil
- Renaude – Clémence Alexis
- L’Innocent – Morand
- Vivette – Julia Bartet
- Une servante – Leroy
- direction – Léon Carvalho
- cond. – Marc Constantin
Reviews: |
|
5-5-1885 | Théâtre de l’Odéon, conducted by Colonne, with full orchestra and chorus based on the
two L’Arlésienne suites.
|
15-1-1887 | Liège, Théâtre Royal |
30-1-1888 | London, Prince of Wales' Theatre (translated by Jocelyn Brandon) |
1889 | Théâtre de l'Odéon (revival, with later revivals in 1898, 1900, 1904, 1906, 1913, 1921, 1928, 1929 and 1938. The 500th performance was in 1905, the 1000th in 1951.) |
1890 | Paris, Théâtre Trianon |
1890 | Rome |
11-1892 | Paris, Grand Théâtre Eden |
22-3-1897 | New York, Broadway Theatre, cond. Seidl
|
4-1900 | Nîmes |
12-1900 | Monte Carlo |
1908 | Marseille (in Provençal) |
28-11-1908 | Paris, Opéra-Comique |
1910 | Paris, Trocadéro |
1911 | Théâtre Athéna Nike (in Provençal) |
6-3-1913 | Boston Opera House, in French
|
15-2-1914 | New Orleans |
20-6-1914 | Paris, Opéra (Acts IV and V) |
1922 | Paris, Théâtre Mogador |
7-1922 | Orange |
3-1923 | Rouen |
7-1923 | Fréjus |
12-1924 | Ghent |
24-6-1925 | Paris, Opéra |
1926 | Paris, Trocadéro |
1-12-1926 | Paris, Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt |
1927 | Monte Carlo |
4-1928 | Strasbourg |
4-1928 | Bulgaria |
4-1928 | Toulouse |
2-1930 | Nice |
11-1933 | Stockholm |
1933 | Cairo |
10-1935 | Paris, Comédie française |
1938 | Paris, Théâtre de l'Odéon |
1947 | Strasbourg |
1954 | Angers |
14-4-1964 | London, John Lewis (original version) |
1980 | Lyon |
10-1990 | Manchester University (original version) |
18-3-2007 | Compiègne (original version) |
- 1930 Jacques de Baroncelli
- 1942 Marc Allégret
- 1967 Pierre Badel (for TV)
- unnamed actors, orchestra, Wolff, 1957
- ON du Capitole de Toulouse, Michel Plasson, EMI 1985
- Consort of London, Haydon Clark, 1991
- Saint Paul CO, Hogwood, 1991 (excerpts)
- Cologne RO, Helmuth Froschauer, Capriccio, 1996 (in German)
- Toulouse O de chambre N, Malgloire, 2004
- Basel CO, Hogwood, 2004 (excerpts)
- Musiciens du Louvre, Minkowski, 2008 (excerpts)
- Pigot (1886) vii, viii, 86, 107, 171-209, 220, 241, 259, 288, 294, 301, 318, 334, 338
- Pigot (1911) vii, 98, 103, 152-82, 192, 209, 223, 250, 254, 261, 267, 282, 298
- Curtiss 35, 38, 224, 225, 255, 331-340, 342, 396, 422, 426, 434, 436, 437n, 461-62, 465, 471
- Dean 8, 40, 48, 73, 101-5, 110, 128, 134, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 157, 164, 168, 174, 181-82, 187, 194, 198-210, 223, 227, 235, 240, 244, 247-49, 262, 288-89
- Wright 3, 8, 16, 26, 28, 36, 49, 51, 85, 91, 102, 121-22, 139-46, 160, 281, 332, 354, 361
- Lacombe 12, 93, 121,
- Ernst Otto Nodnagel, Georges Bizet: L'Arlésienne (Berlin: Schlesinger, 1901).
- Mme A. Daudet, 'Le cinquantenaire de L'Arlésienne', Les Annales, 10-1922.
- Camille Bellaigue, Promenades lyriques (Paris, 1924).
- Camille Bellaigue, ‘L’Esquisse musicale de l’Arlésienne’, Le Gaulois, 15-2-1927.
- Henri Nicolle, ‘L’Arlésienne’, Le Matin, 5-11-1930.
- Maurice Cauchie, prefaces to Eulenburg scores of L’Arlésienne,Suite no. 1 (1930) and no. 2 (1949).
- J. Clamon, ‘Bizet et le folklore provençal’, Revue de musicologie, 22/68 (11-1938), p. 150–53.
- John W. Klein, ‘Bizet’s L’Arlésienne’, Musical Opinion, (12-1940), p. 53–54.
- Norman Del Mar, ‘Confusion and Error’, Score, 23: 41 (7-1958).
- James J. Fuld, The Book of World-Famous Music (New York, 1966), p. 93–94.
- J. Bruyr, ‘Daudet et la musique’, Journal musical français, 169: 30-32 (5-1968).
- Michèle Gonzalès, L’Arlésienne (Cahiers d’analyse et de formation musicale, no. 2), Paris, 1985.
- Lesley Wright, Preface to Eulenburg scores of L’Arlésienne Suite no. 1 (London, 1998) and Suite no. 2 (London, 2001).
- Peter Lamothe, Theater Music in France, 1864–1914, Ph.D. dissertation (University of North Carolina, 2008), pp. 68-90, 267.
- Hervé Lacombe, 'Prolégomènes à une édition critique: Notes sur les sources de L'Arlésienne de Bizet', La la la... Maistre Henri' (Brussels, 2009).
- The fullest study of L’Arlésienne is found in the Introduction to Hervé Lacombe’s edition for Éditions Choudens (Paris, 2010).