2. strond: strand

4. fond: found

1. become: gone

5. which them high did reare: that elevated female warriors to heights of honor

9. reuerse: return

3. Aswell: as well

9. along: continuously, by unbroken succession

9. meed: reward

3. amarous: amorous; also suggesting Lamarusbitter

5. depart: remove

3. lofty creast: helmet

4. hore: white with foam

6. surquedry: arrogance

7. affronted: insulted them to their face; confronted their assault

2. barke: ship

1. crazd: battered or broken

6. lewd: ignorant

7. no assuraunce knowes: lacks confidence or steadfastness

1. God of windes: Aeolus

2. Continent: mainland

7. table: votive tablet, probably stone

9. hallow: devote, consecrate

4. repriefe: reproof

4. dolour: lament

7. coosen: cousin

7. distroubled: deeply troubled

2. engroste: thickened

5. lo’ste: lowest

7. disclo’ste: released

8. stowre: storm

8. read: advise

1. Ythrild: pierced

3. fearen: frighten

4. maugre: in spite of

6. made dearly knowne: made known at great cost

1. againe: in return

3. threesquare scuchin: triangular shield

4. hauberque: a long coat of chain-mail

5. glaunce: pierce obliquely (typically contrasted with ‘glide’, pass directly into)

7. croupe: crupper

8. sadly soucing: falling hard

1. sacred: set apart for sacrifice

7. Distaines: stains

2. ready: direct

3. ouer-went: traversed

5. assay: approved value

6. owre: ore

1. stonishment: unconsciousness

6. Dumarin: Fr ‘of the sea’

9. closely: secretly

5. mickle: much

8. wonne: dwell

5. glade: a forest clearing

7. dearely: affectionately; earnestly; at great cost

2. doen: make

2. Nephew: grandson

3. his . . . his: Nereus’s . . . the sea’s

5. reare: bring about

9. knife: sword

6. eternall skill: knowledge of things eternal

9. straunge: foreign

9. dismay: defeat

1. For thy: therefore

8. algates: by all means

1. deceiue: cheat

2. weene: think

3. That: i.e., his fate

3. security: complacency

4. amate: cast down

6. ticle: uncertain

7. sophismes: plausible but fallacious arguments

9. approue: make good

3. swownd: swoon

7. her watry sisters: the Nereids

8. daffadillyes: another name for the Narcissus

5. Continent: the shore beside the pond (see 29.7)

2. charett: chariot

9. surceast: forbore

7. abid: past tense of ‘abide’

9. gate: gait, i.e. their passage, as described in the next stanza

7. bubling rowndell: swirl of foam

5. surbate: bruise

8. cruddy: clotted (by metathesis from ‘curdy’)

4. relyu’d: revived

6. wayment: lament

9. wefte: ‘waived’, avoided

3. ywis: assuredly

5. abye: suffer

5. bed: bid

8. maulgre: in spite of

5. watchet: light blue

6. gelly: a nonce-adjective formed from either the noun ‘jelly’ or the verb ‘jellied’

3. leaches craft: medicine

7. staied still: remained even now

4. corse: body

5. beare: stretcher

6. clim: ‘climb’ (variant spelling for eye-rhyme)

4. vauted: vaulted (from Lvoltaturn); arched

9. soueraine leach: chief physician

7. ensample: model or precedent

8. brooke: profit or prosper by

4. gent: noble

2. attonce: at once; together

8. assay: make trial

9. Whether: which of the two

9. happy: fortunate

2. forlent: entirely relinquished (as acknowledging a superior claim)

3. enuy: See i.18.2n.

5. ybent: deflected; directed; determined; braced for action

2. pricke: spur, with sexual overtones

1. relent: slow down

4. raine: reign, the ‘realm’ of the sky

5. amaine: with full force

6. Tassell gent: tercel-gentle, the male of the peregrine falcon

8. for-hent: seized, overtaken in flight;

9. liquid: In the Latinate sense favored by Virgil, ‘bright’ or ‘clear’.

4. shent: disgraced

8. sewde: pursued

7. sheene: fair

8. his other brethren: the stars

6. suit: pursuit; wooing

7. wyte: blame

8. aslope: athwart

9. scope: object of desire, from Lscoposa mark set up to shoot at

8. a throw: a while

1. enuyde: denied

6. lustlesse: listless

6. baser: too base

4. rayling: gushing; plaintive

7. dreary: horrifying

3. felony: in early modern usage, a generalized term for wickedness or treachery

7. shent: shamed

9. lewdnesse: wickedness

4. areed: declare

3. hast: haste

3. waine: chariot

8. bewraid: revealed

8. maltalent: ill temper