4. deface: destroy

9. vellenage: serfdom

2. His: its

8. banket dight: serve a banquet

9. Attempred: blended, moderated

1. cremosin: crimson

2. behight: ordered

3. villeins: serfs

2. steades: positions

3. offend: attack

7. closely: covertly

2. pyle: castle

3. arrett: entrust

6. apply: put into effect

7. importune: urgent; persistent; grievous

8. there their: See 6.3-4n.

3. beckes: beaks

5. withhault: pseudo-archaic 16th century form of ‘withheld’

6. engins: either machines of combat or deceptions, instruments of ‘open force or hidden guyle’ (7.4)

9. lent: brought to bear

7. crakes: boastings

2. assayd: put to the test

8. abusions: impostures; also the English translation ofcatachresis, or perversion of terms

3. grysie: grisly

1. hew: shape

7. effort: power

3. Ordinaunce: ordnance, artillery

5. decay: destruction

9. peece: fortress; work of art

1. assieged: besieged

1. ward: garrison

2. stonds: defensive positions

8. pretend: attempt

7. Carle: villain, with a suggestion of low birth

9. remercied: thanked

1. glitterand: glittering

1. dight: dressed

2. hent: took

3. conge: a formal leave-taking

3. behight: commanded

5. thee: thrive (an archaism)

5. gent: valiant and courteous; well-born

8. vowes: prayers

1. hayle: ‘A storm, shower, or volley of something falling like hail’ (OED)

3. before: under his stroke

9. Laomedon: a king of Troy, grandson of Tros and father of Priam

2. yode: went

8. their . . . their: there . . . there

9. tine: hurt

7. twisted brake: bracken, ferns

3. felly: fiercely

8. quarrell: ‘A short, heavy arrow or bolt with a four-sided (typically square) head for shooting from a crossbow or arbalest’ (OED)

2. raught: reached

7. hide: i.e. ‘hied,’ past tense of ‘hie,’ to hasten

1. lent: leaned

3. rude: ungentle, harsh

3. gryesly graplement: grisly grappling

6. prowest: superlative ofprow, valiant, worthy

5. behinde inuade: attack from behind

2. his: Maleger’s

2. caytiue bands: bonds of captivity

3. touzd: past tense of ‘touse’, ‘of a dog: to tear at, worry’ (OED)

8. quar’le: quarrell

9. marle: earth

3. manhood meare: unaided manhood

1. weened: believed, expected

5. bend: apply

9. sundry way: fork or crossroads

3. meant decay: intended destruction

7. souse: the act of swooping to strike

3. sternely: fiercely

9. nathemore: a Spenserianism, ‘never the more’

3. appeach: accuse

3. Giue ouer to effect: give up trying to accomplish

4. exprest: literally, pressed out

7. wrest: a twisting or wrenching motion

3. quarrey: prey

2. trauell: travail

4. mayne: physical force

4. with vsury: with interest

5. three furlongs: three-eighths of a mile

6. standing: stagnant

3. th’one of them: Impatience, ‘arm’d with raging flame’ (23.9)

7. despoyled: undressed