A per se A: singularly excellent

Acte . . . purpose: actuality . . . intention

Advertizement: precept

Affyaunce: betrothal

Against: in preparation for [when]

Alarmes: calls to ‘arms’

Albania: Scotland

Albany: accented on the second syllable

Alcluid: disyllabic, ‘Al-clewd’

And you say it: with your permission

Aristarchi: critics

Arraught: obtained (ppl of ‘areach’)

Arte: a system of rules

Artificial: artful

As: i.e., disguising herself as

Athwart: across, usually (as here) diagonally

Attempred: blended, moderated

Attonce: together

Avise thee: think it over

Balductum: trashy

Balductum: trashy

Ballet: ballad

Barbican: outer fortification

Bearnes: barns

Before: in front

Bellona: the Roman goddess of war.

Beteeme: yield

Bittur: bittern

Braunched: embroidered

By my truely: Truly (an oath)

Bynempt: swore

Cabinets: bowers or summer-houses

Cairbadon: the city of Bath

Cairleill: Carlisle

Cairleon: Caerleon, site of a Roman legionary fortress

Camarick: cambric, a fine white linen

Camber . . . depart: Wales (L Cambria)

Cambria: Wales

Carle: churl

Carle: villain, with a suggestion of low birth

Carper: Critic

Carper: Critic

Castory: castor, or castoreum

Caytive: wretch

Celtica: France

Centaurs: mythological creatures, half-human, half-horse

Cicuta: hemlock

Clarke: scholar

Clawbackes, and Pickethanks: sycophants and flatterers

Commaunded: assigned

Commonwealths man: public figure

Congé: formal farewell

Continence: self-restraint

Controllers: steward’s

Creatures: created things

Cunnyes: rabbits

Cæcily: Sisillius

De pane lucrando: ‘On Breadwinning’

Depending: hanging down

Devices: notions, contrivances of the mind

Diuls: devils

Doctors: advanced scholars; holders of the most advanced degrees; also, the early Church fathers

Doctours: learned men

Dormise: those who show no vigilance, drawsy people

Drad: dreaded

Dunglecockes: cowards

Eastgothes . . . Westgothes: Ostrogoths and Visigoths

Effectuall and substaunciall: conclusive and weighty

Efsoones: promptly

Eft: then or soon (archaic)

Eftsoone: then or soon (archaic)

Eme: uncle

Emeraudes: emeralds

Enchaced: ornamented

Engrost: thickened

Evangely: Gospel

Evensong: sunset

Exchanging: replacement

Experto crede: 'Believe the experienced'

Extra jocum: all kidding aside

Fayes: Faeries

File . . . Doovehouse: If the dovehouse be sullied (or ‘defiled’)

Fisnamie: physiognomy, face

For thy: therefore

For thy: therefore

For: eliding ‘for fear of’

Furor: madness fueled by anger

Gambowlde: gambol, festive game.

Gewegawes and Bable: geegaws and baubles

Giovannibattista: not an uncommon first name for Italian men of the period.

Give over to effect: give up trying to accomplish

Godbewyes: God-be-with-you’s

Goddilge yee: may God reward you, ‘God yield ye’

Gondelay: Gondola

Gramercy: thanks

Groome: a male servant

Gurgiunt: disyllabic, ‘Gurg-yunt’

Guyons lookes: Guyon’s glances

Gyeld: guildhall

He: Vortigere

Heben: black ebony

Henalois: men of Henault

Henault: Hainaut, a province in southern Belgium

His am I: i.e. his attendant

His learned daughters: the muses

His: its

Howlets: owls

Humanitie: the study of ancient Greek and Latin literature, history, and other non-philosophical or non-scientific texts

Hynd: doe

Hyppocrase: a spiced wine drink

Iambici: writers of iambic verse

Idiome ] specific linguistic character

Idole: image

If so be: If

Il Pellegrino: pilgrim

Induction: the systematic consideration of a number of particular instances.

Infant: prince

Ingowes: ingots

Intelligible: intelligent

Interim: in the meantime

Jackemates: overly familiar friends; ‘Mr. Pal’

Jackes . . . sides: trimmers

Jani: pl. of Janus, the two-faced god of the New Year

Jesu: Jesus

Jett: black marble

Joves harnesse-bearing Bird: the eagle, bearer of Jove’s thunderbolt

Juggler: magician

Laomedon: a king of Troy, grandson of Tros and father of Priam

Liberalissimo: Most courteous

Looke for: Expect

Lowce: louse

L’Envoy: The envoy

Marry: Indeed

Mazer: a maple goblet

Meane: an intermediate part in polyphonic music; measured: made proportional

Meawes: the common gull

Metaphysically: supernaturally

Metoposcopus: one who practices the art of determining character by the interpretation of facial lines

Minion: favourite, hanger-on, lover

Miser: wretch

Monoceros: accented on the first and third syllables

Myrrour: model, example

Nephewes: grandson’s

Nihilagents: do-nothings

Non omni dormio: ‘I am not asleep for all’

Nonproficients: inept persons

Northerne part . . . Albania: Scotland

Nosti manum tanquam tuam: ‘You recognize the hand as if it were your own’

Of some: by some

Offall: piece of refuse

Officers: holders of offices

Omni exceptione majores: above all challenge

Orcus: another name for Dis or Pluto, the god of the underworld

Ordinaunce: ordnance, artillery

Orphei: Orpheuses; (false) soothsayers.

Ortographie: orthography, system of spelling

Paralipomenon: I.e., Chronicles.

Paraphrase: translation

Patheticall: impassioned

Patient: a person acted upon; specifically, the recipient of pastoral care

Paulinus: Roman emperor who led his army to battle against Bunduca

Paynim: heathen

Peece: firearm

Pegaso: Pegasus (It.)

Perdy: a mild oath

Perdy: a mild oath

Personage: self

Pewter: tavern slang; argot

Philosophers: the term can denote 'natural philosophers', i.e. scientific thinkers.

Phisick and Physiognomie: Medical science and the science of human physical appearance.

Phoebus: the sun’s

Physicall, and Naturall: medical and scientific

Piccolo Giovannibattista: ‘Little John-baptist’

Placeboes: Sycophants

Plaudite and Gramercie: applause and thanks.

Poeta: poet (Lat.)

Premisses] foregoing

President: precedent

Pursuivant: a royal messenger

Quick: living

Raptim, uti vides: Hastily, as you see.

Regard of: reputation for

Reproch: disgrace, infamy

Requite: repay

Rithmus: metre

Robucke: the male of a species of deer found in Europe and Asia

Rosiere: the branch of a rosebush

Rubine: ruby

Sar’zins: Saracens

Satyriall: satirical

Scaldis . . . Hania: rivers in the Belgian province of Hainaut

Scatterlings: wanderers or refugees

Seigniories: domains

Sophister: Sophist

Sperienza: Experience (Ital.)

Steward: caterer

Strich: screech-owl

Stygian realmes: the infernal regions

Tall: handsome; stout

Termes of Arte: technical vocabulary (here, of meteorology).

Testiomoniall: report

Tethys: originally a Titaness and sea-goddess; here a name for the sea

That: i.e. so that

Thereat: thereupon

Tho: then

Till that: until

Tittles: minute details

Tom Tooly: simpleton

Travaile, Travailer: travel, traveler

Traveiler: one who journeys; one who labors

Treachetour: traitor

Tyle . . Doovehouse . . . where: If the dovehouse be roofed . . . where may one find

Valetes: farewells

Veale: i.e., veil, blind-fold

Verdant: ‘green with vegetation’

Vitia: vices, defects

Vouchsafed: were graciously willing

Weening: supposing

Wellwiller: Wellwisher

Whereas: where

Whom: Guyon

Will: desire; willfulness

Woodcockes: dupes, fools

Wote] know

Zephyrus: the west wind

a resolute pointe: certainly

a twelvemonth since: a year ago

aband: abandon

abase: bow

absolute: authoritative

absurditie: logical impossibility

abusions: impostures; also the English translation of catachresis, or perversion of terms

aby: pay for; cf. 28.8.

accloyes: obstructs, chokes

accorage: hearten

accoyld: gathered

acquight: aquit

adnihilate: annihilate

adorned: decorated with honors, perhaps crowned

advaunce: bring forth; raise up

advaunst: put forth, put into action

advise: consideration

advise: notice

advize: consider

advizement: advice

affectionate: willful

affections: passions

affluence: profusion

affronted: confronted

after wild: Afterward willed, in that after he died his will decreed that Cordelia should succeed; or willed that Cordelia should succeed afterward (which amounts to the same thing).

againe: in reply

againe: in return

aggrace: grace; add grace to

aggrate: gratify

aggrate: gratify

aggrate: gratify

agony: painful writhing

agree: conciliate

agrise: horrify

aguizd: arrayed

aguize: deck

aies: songs

algates: altogether

all our drift despise: disregard or disdain our entire scheme

all that gentle noriture ensueth: everything that follows from, or is proper to, an aristocratic upbringing

all were they: although they were

allgates: no matter what

allowed: approved

allowed] commended

als: also

am onely to crave: seeks [by way of recompense] only

amarous: amorous

amate: accompany

amate: dismay

amenage: domesticate

amenaunce: bearing

amenaunce: conduct

an other an other: each other

and that of good right: and I do so for good reason

and: if

animate: bestir

annoyes: interferes with

antickes: grotesques

antique: ancient

appall: subdue

appeach: accuse

appeached: accused

apply: devote

apply: put into effect

apply: steer

apply: steer

applyde: addressed

approved: proven

approved: tested or proven.

arborett: little tree

are to frame: are obliged to frame

aread: conjecture

areed: declare

arming: belonging to the armor of a knight

arras: tapestry

arrett: entrust

arrett: entrust

artificial: artful

as . . . be: possibly

as he it ought: as he who owns it (Guyon)

as namely: as namely at

as well can wish your thought: Either ‘as well as your thoughts can wish’ or ‘as your thoughts may well wish’.

as well in . . . as in: both in . . . and in

askaunce: sidelong

assay: attack

assay: proven worth

assayd: afflicted

assayd: put to the test

assieged: besieged

assott: besot, make foolish

assoyled: released

assynd: allotted

at commaundement: at one’s service

at commaundement: at the ready

at earst: promptly

at gaze: bewildered

at one: reconciled

at warde: in a defensive stance

athwart: obliquely

attached: seized

attempered: harmonized

attonce: at once

attone: at once

attone: together (‘at one’)

aumaled: enamelled

autentique: legally authorized

author: progenitor

authour: source, cause

avale: dismount

avise: consider

avise: examine

avise: look at

avoided: expelled; evaded

avyse: look around, take thought

ay thought wittily: ever thought wisely

ay: ever

aygulets: spangles

backe recoyle: drive or force back

bad: past tense of ‘bid’ (command)

balde: meagre, unadorned

balde: paltry

bale: suffering

banket dight: serve a banquet

barbes: protective coverings for the chest and flanks of a war-horse

bare: unprotected

bargaines of: speculations concerning

barke: ship

bashed not / For: ‘was unabashed by’

bastard: debased; unauthorized

bate: bit

battailous: combat-ready

bauldricke: leather belt or girdle

bayt: rest, with a punning reference to its rhyme-partner in the second line

be happened: had happened

be layed: have gone to bed

beck: gesture, nod

beckes: beaks

bedight: clothed

bedight: clothed or furnished

bedight: treated

before: under his stroke

beginning to: pledging (yourself) to

behaviour: good manners

behight: commanded

behight: commanded

behight: ordered

behinde: in reserve

behinde invade: attack from behind

being consorted: i.e., sharing rule

belgardes: amorous glances

belike: probably

bend: apply

bendes: bands

bends: bands

bent: aimed

bent: aimed

bereave: plunder

bereave: take away

bereav’d: took away

bespake: said to her

bet: beat

betake: commend

betimes: speedily; before it is too late

better bayted: more fiercely harassed

bever: visor

bevers: visors

bewray: reveal

bewrayd: revealed (often with the sense of divulging a secret)

bit: bite

blame: bring into disrepute

blandishment: alluring behavior

blazed: trumpeted

blazon: proclaim

blend: blind or defile

blend: blind; obscure; mingle or combine (i.e., with Acrasia)

blent: blinded

blent: blinded

blent: obscured, destroyed

blive: promptly

bonds: boundaries

bonetto: i.e. bonnet, a man’s brimless cap.

boorded: approached

bord: accost; nautical sense, ‘come alongside to attack’; also ‘jest’

borne: carried; born;

boulted: sifted

bounty: goodness; generosity

bountyhed: goodness

bowgets: pouches

brave: grandiose

braveries: boasts

brazen: brass

breach: ‘the action of breaking’ (OED)

brond: poeticism for ‘sword’

brust: burst

brutenesse shendst: stupidity disgrace

bug: ghost, scarecrow, or hobgoblin

bugs: i.e. bugbears, bogys, bugaboos

burganet: helmet

but . . . is: but it being as it is (i.e., not very fine)

but I can: that I cannot

by and by: immediately

by kynd: by nature

by many parts: many times over

by that draught: bowshot

bylive: ‘belive’, immediately

cace: condition (of his body)

callow: unfledged, inexperienced

camus: tunic

can: did

cancred: ulcerated; figuratively, ‘infected’ with evil

careless: negligent or uncaring

carrie . . . meate in their mouth: confer profit

cast . . . teeth: reproached them

cast to compas: try to accomplish

caytive bands: bonds of captivity

caytive: vile

caytives: caitiffs’

certein wonne: fixed dwelling

certified: assured, made certain

certifye us: make us certain

chaffar: bandy

charge me with: indict me by adducing

charmd: From L carmina song.

chawing: chewing; ruminating

cheare: entertainment

cheare: hospitality

chevalree: knightly skills of combat, esp. (as here) horsemanship

chevisaunce: chivalric enterprise

chill: chilly

christall: streams

civile jarre: domestic conflict

cleane: completely

clearkly: in a scholarly fashion

clemency: mildness

clew: ball of yarn or thread

close: covertly

closely: covertly

cogging: cheating

collection: inference

comely compasse: pleasing proportion

comely: appropriate or suitable

comfort: delight, refreshment

commend: grace or adorn

commissaries: papal appointees with special commissions

commoned: kept company

communicate: share

compacted: composed, joined together

compacture strong: compact construction

companing: copulating

compassed around: encompassed, bounded with a circle

comportaunce: conduct

conceipt: fantasy

conceited: clever

conceited: witty

conceyt of Witte: conception, intellectual contrivance

conceyted: clever, witty

conduct: handling

conference: conversation

conformable: conforming

conformitie: regularity

confound: bring to ruin; throw into confusion

confusion: destruction

conge: a formal leave-taking

conjure: put under oath

conning: cunning

consort: group

consort: harmony; fellowship

consulted . . . pillow: ‘slept on it’

contentation: satisfaction

controll: reprove

controlled of: overmastered by

corage bold respire: again breathe courageous spirit

corage cold could reare: could arouse (literally, erect) unaroused sexual appetite

corage: wrath

corps: body

counte of: regard

countenaunce: appearance; expression; visage; patronage; repute

countenaunce: make a show of or pretend

countervaileable: equivalent

courage: heart

courage: heart or spirit

courd: covered

coursed over: passed over

courted: paid courteous attention to

courteous conge: ceremonious farewell

couth: could

cowched fast: fitted close

coy: disdainful

coy: modest, reserved

coye it: behave coyly

crakes: boastings

credit: believe

credit: reputation, credibility

cremosin: crimson

cringing: fawning

crisped: curled

crooked: curved

cunningly: knowledgeably, cleverly

curious antickes: elaborately wrought grotesque figures

curious: demanding skill

curious: meticulous

daintie: nice, delicate, but also delightful, as at 58.1

damnifyde: injured; damned

darraine: engage in (combat)

dartes: javelins or light spears

dashed . . . Countenaunce: utterly disconcerted

dastardly: craven

deare abye: pay dearly

deare dismay: costly defeat

dearly: heartily; keenly; at a high cost

dearnly: dismally

debate: armed encounter

debate: combat

debate: struggle

decay: destruction

decay: destruction

decay: downfall

decretals: decrees

decyphering: representation, explanation

deepest: most penetrating

deface: destroy

deface: destroy

deface: discredit, abash, or overshadow

deface: literally undo, unmake

deface: outshine

defast: disfigured; discredited; erased

defaste: undone

delay: allay; dilute or temper

delay: temper

delices: delights

delve: excavation

demaunde ex tempore: inquire on that occasion

demayne: demeanor

demayne: demeanor

demure: sober, reserved

denounce: proclaim

depending: pending, hanging

derdoing: derring-do

descrive: describe or write down

desert: desolate

desert: uninhabited (‘deserted’) region

desire: i.e., desire to know

despoyld: stripped of his armor

despoyled: undressed

devising: conception

devizd: appointed; perhaps also designed; feigned; conceived or imagined

devoured of: devoured by

devyse: conjecture

dew successe: rightful succession

dight to: prepared for

dight: decked with trappings

dight: dressed

dight: prepared

dight: prepare

dignity: rank or office

dint: blow

dint: blow

direction: plan

disaray: undress

disarme: disable

discourse of . . . Reason: faculty of reasoning

discure: discover

disdeignd: regarded with indignation

dishabled : belittled

dismall day: day of doom

dismall: evil or cursed

disparaged: overmatched

dispatched of: dismissed by

dispence: expenditure, provision

display: sprawl

disposd: arranged

dispose: prepare

dispute: debate

distaind her honorable blood: stained her family’s honor

disthronized: dethroned

distraine: tear apart

ditt: words for music

diveling: a diving bird, usually a duck.

divels: devil's

diverse: multi-colored

diverse: leading in different directions

do him rew: make him regret it

dock: rump

doctorally: in a learned fashion

doe him small redresse: give him little help

dogging oute: pursuing

dolor: grief, sorrow, or physical pain

dominion: power to rule

doole: grief

doome: judgment

doome: judgment

doome: judgment

doome: verdict

doome: verdict

doth . . . yeare: is accomplished by a year’s training in Italy.

doth: doth stumble

double burden: his own armor and that of Mordant

doughtie valiaunce: stout courage

drapets: tablecloths

dread: dreadfulness

drent: drowned

drere: dreariness, gloom

drew them in partes: divided them into factions

drew: dragged

drew: withdrew (allegiance)

drift: purpose

driven, and distent: smelted and beaten out

drouping day: declining years

drouth: thirst

dub a dubbe: (a phrase used to imitate the sound of drums)

durt: mud

dye: i.e., eternally

dying bronds: embers

eath: easy

effectuall: consequential

efforced: forced open or gained by force

efforced: uttered with effort

effort: compulsion

effort: power

eft soones: repeatedly

elvish: crabbed, peevish

embatteiled: apparelled for combat

embay: soak

embay: bathe, soak

embayd: bathed

embosome: cherish; conceal

embosome: implant

emboyling: boiling, agitated

embrace: to mount (a shield) on the arm

embrave: adorn

embrew: soak or pour

embrewd: soaked; dyed; defiled

empeach: hinder

empight: implanted itself

emprise: enterprise, undertaking

emprise: undertaking

emprize: chivalric undertaking

enforst: compelled; reinforced

engin: plot, scheme

engine: stratagem

engins: contrivances

engins: either machines of combat or deceptions, instruments of ‘open force or hidden guyle’ (7.4)

engreeved: ‘filled with grief’

enhaunst: raised

enraunged: from ‘rank’, arranged in an orderly fashion

enraunged: arranged in an orderly fashion

enrold: rolled up

ensude: followed; imitated the example of

entayld: carved or engraved

entayld: engraved

entayle: ornamental carving

enter into: take up

enterpris: undertake

enterprize: take in hand

entise: incite or inflame

entituling: cf. the full title of SC and n.

entituling: dedicating

entrall: entrails

entrayld: interwoven

entreat: occupy herself with

entyre: inwardly and utterly

enure: employ, habituate

envies: resents

envye: begrudge you

envye: refuse

equall peares: coevals

equall: impartial

equipaged: furnished; ordered by rank

equipollent: equivalent, of equal force

erne: yearn

estimation: esteem

even Enough: quite enough

even: just

evilles: sufferings

exanimate: lifeless

exceeded her owne might: outdid herself

expedition: speed

experiment: experience

exprest: literally, pressed out

extra iocum: ‘joking aside’

extremities: points of utmost intensity

fact: deed

fact: deed

faction: factious quarrels

faine: dissemble

faine: eagerly

faine: willingly

faine: ‘pretend’ (feign), with a play on ‘wish’ (fain)

fairely quit him: fully acquit himself

fairetyled: well-roofed.

faitour: impostor

falser: very false

famous: capable of prompting fame

fancie: critical opinion

fancie: estimation

farewell: farewell poem

faund: cringed

favour: estimation

fayld: deceived

fayleth me: is inadequate for me

faynd to oversee: pretended not to notice

fayne: more than content

fayned themselves . . . faine themselves: pretended that they were . . . imagine themselves

fayned: ‘fained’ (desired) and ‘feigned’ (pretended)

faytour: impostor

fee: wealth

feign: fashion

feld: cast down.

fell: ferocious

fell: ruthless

felly: fiercely

felly: fiercely

felon: villain

fensible: defensible

fetches, casts: stratagems, tricks

fetcheth . . . offspring: derives his origins and lineage

fett: fetch

fild: filled or defiled

fild: filled; defiled.

filth: lust; sins of the flesh

finest conceited: most intellectually subtle

flatly: decisively

flatuous: windy, flatulent

fledge: fledged, mature

fleet: float

flit: swift

flitt: swift

flitting: unstable

flouring: blossoming

follies: lewd actions

foltring: faltering

fond encheason: silly reason

fone: foes

for Companie sake: for company’s sake

for Tongue, and head: with respect to expression or conception

for ay: for ever

for more formalitee: as an emblem of office

for nonce: indeed

for the nonce: for that express purpose

for the nonce: for this purpose

for to: worthy of

forbeare: part with, surrender

fordonne: put to death

fordonne: ruined or destroyed

formally: ‘according to the principles of art or science’ (OED)

forsooth: indeed

fortilage: fortress

forwarde: advance

fostred: nourished

fouldring: flashing

found: discovered; devised

fourmes: benches

foy: fealty

foyle: defeat

foyle: overthrow; defile

foynd: lunged or thrust

foynd: thrust

frame: shape or discipline

frame: structure; system

francker franion: less restrained paramour

frayd: made afraid

fraying: frightening

frett: consume

friendely: in a friendly way

frigot: frigate, a small light ship built for speed

froward: hostile

froward: unfavorable; adverse

froward: stubborn, perverse

frowardly bent: perversely, in ill temper

fry: foam

full deare: richly

furniture: equipment

gan him dight: prepared himself

garnish: embellish, enhance

garre: cause

gate: path or journey

gather . . . self: elicit their contempt

gathering to feare: inferring reason to fear

gealous worme: serpent of jealousy

geare: jeer

gent: gentle, noble

gent: valiant and courteous; well-born

german: brother

gestes: deeds

gestes: gestures

ghost: soul or spirit

giambeux: leg-armor

gibe: taunt

gin: either the general quality of cunning or a specific trick

gladly: eagerly

glancing: casting momentary looks; flashing or shining

glistereth: glitters

glitterand: glittering

glitterand: glittering

glorie: distinction

gloze: flatter

go for: pass for

goe . . . doe: nearly do

goe nigh to: nearly

going: serving

goodlyer: more imposing

gorbellyed: fat-bellied

governaunce: conduct

grace to reconcile: to restore good feeling or mutual regard

grace: favor

grace: mark of divine favor

grated: clenched

great Grandmother: the earth

great Purchaser: wealthy person

great latter day: Apocalypse

great worth: elevated rank

gree: favor

grieved: afflicted with pain and/or mental suffering

grosse: thick, indelicate

grossely, and homely: plainly and in simple terms

grudging: aggrieved by

grudging: growling or grumbling

grutch: grouch or grudge

gryesly graplement: grisly grappling

grysie: grisly

guiles: tricks, wiles

guise: appearance

guise: custom

guise: customary manner

guize: conduct

habiliments: accessories

hable: capable [hablar?]

hacqueton: jacket worn under the chain mail

had to: had for.

hansomely: handily

happe: fortune

happe: fortune

happely: by chance, by happenstance

happely: perhaps

happily: by chance or good fortune

happily: perchance

happly: by chance

hardiment: boldness

hardiment: daring, or a daring deed

hardly: with difficulty

hart amated: emotionally confounded

hart-thrilling: heart-piercing

hartlesse Hynd: timid doe

hartlesse: without courage or passion

hath at earst thee hent: has seized you now

haubergh: armor that protects the neck and shoulders

hayle: ‘A storm, shower, or volley of something falling like hail’ (OED)

hayre: heir

hazardize: predicament

hazardry: gambling, taking risks

he light did pas: he regarded lightly

he: Cymochles

he: Guyon

heares: hairs

heavy: dolefull

heben: ebony

hent: seized

hent: took

her basest part: the passions

her selfe . . . did frame: directed her efforts and actions

herbars: arbours

herried: praised, glorified

hew: color, appearance, or form

hew: form

hew: form

hew: shape

hewes: shapes

hidden: solitary

hide: i.e. ‘hied,’ past tense of ‘hie,’ to hasten

hideous: immense

highminded: proud, arrogant

hight: called

hire: spoils

his Maistresse withall: to his mistress

his foot revoke: retreat

his ground to traverse: to shift his ground

his: Maleger’s

his: its

his: its

history: narrative

hollow: empty or concave; vain

hoppe: limp

hore: hoary, white or grey with age

hospitale: hospice

howbeit: although

hoyes: small boats used to ferry goods and passengers

hoyse: raise

hoysed: raised up

humors: dispositions, passions

hundreth: hundred

hurtle: brandish

idle: empty

if: even if

ilfavoredly: unattractively

ill bested: badly off

ill-faste: ill-faced, ugly.

immeasured: immense (not previously recorded in English)

immodest: lewd

impetuous: rash

importable: insupportable

importune: inopportune; pressing

importune: urgent; persistent; grievous

importune: violent

in . . . earnest: to be a bit serious

in Genere, or in specie: taken as a class or as individual instances

in Print: precisely

in Tom Troth’s earnest: honestly, in a forthright manner

in a maner: very nearly

in a manner: in some sense

in bale to sterve: to die in grief

in fine: in conclusion

in good sooth: very truly

in hatching: under secret preparation

in it is no suche default: in the right use of worldly goods there is no moral defect

in lieu of : in place of

in manner: somewhat

in my fancie: to my way of thinking

in presence: at hand, on public display, in public

in process of time: in the course of things

in shorte: to be brief (with a pun on the topic at hand)

in the comparison of: i.e., compared to

in the moste: in most writers of English

in the place: right then and there

in the same Number: of the same kind

in watches stead: in place of watchmen

in worde: orally

in your Coate: of your profession

incline: bend; dispose

inclyning: yielding, bowing, or adopting a favorable disposition

incontinent: immediately; concupiscent

indewd invested

infamous: deserving infamy; detestable

infective: infectious

infest: attack

innocent: ignorant

instaunce: instigation

intended: guided

interchaungeably: alternatively. Although in many places and times the earth's mixture of the earth's vapors is balanced, sometimes it is not.

intermitted the uttering: held up the circulation

invade: assail

irrenowmed: not famous

jangling: prating, squabbling

jarre: discord

jarre: strife

jarre: strife

jollity: pleasure, with sexual connotation

jolly: amorous; handsome; lively

juggling castes: tricks involving sleight-of-hand

kend: understood, discovered

kept . . . her selfe in heed: kept watch over herself

kestrell kynd: a small breed of hawk that supports itself by facing into the wind

ketch him at a vauntage: the modern idiom would be ‘catch him at a disadvantage’

kindely: natural

knicknackes: trifling deceits

knit: fastened

know: in this context suggesting both to apprehend and to have carnal acquaintance

knowen of moste: most well-known

languor: weariness, resulting from sexual exertions

languorous constraynt: sorrowful affliction or compulsion

larumbell: alarm

late age: recent ages, as opposed to antiquity

late avizd: recently observed

late ygoe: not long ago

late: lately

late: recent

late: recent

late: recently

launched: lanced

layes: laws

leasings: lies

least: i.e., lest

leave: cease

leaves: permissions

leav’d: levied

lenger day: a day longer

lent: brought to bear

lent: leaned

let: prevent

lett: hinder

leveled: aimed

liberall: bountiful

liefe: beloved

liefe: dear

liefest: dearest

liege: feudal lord

liegeman: vassal sworn to the service of his feudal lord

light: frivolous; also, wanton or unchaste

light: quickly

light: settle his choice

lightly: readily

like: likely

liketh: pleaseth

likte him: pleased him

linne: leave off

liquid: transparent

liquour: liquid

lists: bounded space of combat

little helpe: to no useful end. ‘Much ado and little help’ was proverbial; cf. [ref.] below

lively: necessary for life

livelye and absolute: lifelike and consummate

livelyhed: inheritance

lockes: tresses

lofty seige: place of honor

long aprooved: tried and true, found trustworthy over a long period

longes to: belongs to, is affiliated with

looked for: expected

loose: lose

looser: too loose

lording: petty lord

lott: apportioning (of wealth or fortune)

loup: loop-hole

lout: bow

louting: bowing down

lovely: lovingly

lust: appetite or desire

lust: list, i.e. please

lust: wish, but also desire sexually

lustfull luxurie: excessive indulgence, especially sexual excess

lusty hed: lustiness, exuberant vitality; also lustfulness

lybicke: Lybian

mace: scepter

made . . . faulte: done them a disservice

made great accompt: valued greatly

made: prepared herself

magnifide: praised

magnified: praised

magnifyde: praised

maine: physical force, as in ‘might and main’

maintained most what of: supported for the most part by

make account of: expect

malitiously: fiercely

maltworm: drunkard

manacing: menacing

manhood meare: unaided manhood

many a: disyllabic, ‘man-ya’

margent: edge (margin)

marle: earth

martiall guize: armor

marvellous . . . to: remarkably intimate with

marvelous: marvelously

mastered of: mastered by

material: important

may happe: perhaps

mayne: physical force

maysters: masters

me behoveth rather to upbraid: ‘it is appropriate to scold me instead’

me doen to dye: they have almost killed me

meane: meantime

meant decay: intended destruction

meate: food

meed: reward

meed: wages; reward

meeds: rewards

meet habiliments: proper attire

members: components, body-parts

menage: handle

menaged: wielded

menaging / Of armes: skilled handling of weapons

ment: intended; signified

mesprise: misprision, scorn

mesprize: mistake

mettall: aptitude, mettle

mew: hiding-place; prison

mewd: hidden

mewes: cages

mickle might: great power

mickle worship: great honor

mickle: much

minde: intend

minded: disposed

mineon: companion kept for sexual favors

ministered: provided

ministred: served

mischiefe: misfortune

miscreaunce: misbelief

miscreaunt: misbeliever

misdoubting: worrying

misweene: misconceive, suppose incorrectly

modestee: temperateness or discretion

molt: melted

moniment: memorable instance

moniment: trace, record

moniments: written memorials

moniment warning or memorial

monstrous: monstrously

more enfierced: provoked to greater fierceness

mortall: deadly

most: i.e., must

moste agreeable to: in full accord with

mote ye thee: may you thrive

mote: must

mould: fashioning

moyity: half

my . . . me: it seems to me

my Dame: woman in authority over me

my Syrrha: ‘my little man’

mysterie: trade secret

mystresse: used as a verb here, by comic analogy with master.

namely: especially

nathemoe: not at all

nathemore: a Spenserianism, ‘never the more’

native influence: birth rather than training

neare decay: imminent destruction

nearer move: more closely affect

necessarie: unarguable

neesing: sneezing

never so much: as much as possible

nevertheless is: i.e. nevertheless, God's work is

nicenesse: delicacy

nigh hand: nearly

nigh: nearly

nighe hande: readily

none of: in no way

nor amende: neither improve upon

note: could not

nought: worthless, unfit for consumption; nothing

novelties: unwarranted innovations

nowe lately: quite recently

noy: annoy

noyous: harmful

no’te: might not

no’te: ne mote (may not)

no’uld: ne would (would not)

n’ote: could not, a contraction of ‘ne mote’

n’ote: might not

n’ote: ‘ne mote’, i.e. could not

n’ould she stent: she would not cease

obeysaunce: homage

occupie: make use of

odd: special

odde: remarkable

odde: remarkable, unique

odde: singular

odde: unique

of Experience: from observation.

of my selfe . . . marked: by me . . . observed

of my selfe: unprompted

of that: in that

of the very same: by the very same

of us: from us

of whome: referring to Harvey

of: by

of: off

offend: attack

offend: attack

offend: injure or attack (in biblical use, to stumble)

offer of: opportunity for

ominous: conveying omens

on the victor serv’d: used ironically

onely in effect: is really all that

onely singular: most

onely voyce: voice alone, unassisted voice

onely: sole, unrivaled

onelye: uniquely, especially

oose: scattered, not unified

oppresse: attack; take by surprise

opprest: subdued

or her wrong: or wrong her

or the like: or some such objection

orders: ranks

ordinarie: fixed, customary

ordinaunce: management

otherwhiles: in other circumstances, sometimes

otherwhiles: sometimes

out of controversie: indisputably

outbarre: keep out

outrage: extravagance

outraigned: reigned to the limit of

outweed: weed out

outwrought: completed

over head: literally

overdight: overspread

overhent: overtook

pageant: allegorical tableau or procession

painted: artificially colored

painted: brightly colored

paraphrastically varied: adapted by means of paraphrase

part: ‘a piece of conduct, an act’ (OED)

partake: inform

parted: divided

partener Paramoure: partner by way of sexual desire

partes: abilities, capacities

parts: attributes

parts: qualities

passing: surpassingly

passingly: extremely, surpassingly

passingly: surpassingly, extremely

patriarks: the highest-ranking of Catholic bishops

patronage: guardianship

paulting: paltry

pawlting: paltry

paynefull: painstaking

payneth: (painfully) exerts, takes pains

paysd: poised, balanced

peece: fortress; work of art

peradventure: perhaps

peradventure: perhaps

perfect: mature or complete

perfit: perfect

perjured: trisyllabic, accented on the second syllable

persant: piercing

personage: appearance

pickstrawes: persons who waste time on trivial things

picturals: pictures

pight: placed

pin: wooden peg

pity . . . hurt: proverbial

placed me: placed

plausible Elocution: pleasing expression

plausible: pleasant, worthy of applause

pleasurable: mirthful

pleasurably: lightheartedly

plesh: puddle

plight: braided

plong: plunge

poase: puzzle

politique: produent, politically cunning

pompous: magnificent, full of pomp

port: gait or bearing

portaunce: bearing

portaunce: carriage or bearing

porter: gatekeeper

portes: forms of bearing or carriage

pottle: pot, tankard

poynant: piercing

practick: crafty; experienced; concerned with practice (opposed to ‘theoretic’)

praise of pollicies: counsel on the practice of governing

pranck: adorn

prank: show off

praying: i.e., preying

preace: press, i.e. crowd

pregnantest: most imaginative, fullest

prejudice of: favourable predisposition towards

prepard to field: prepared for combat

presently: immediately

presently: immediately

presentlye: immediately

president: precedent

presumeth: professes

presuppose: assume

pretence: purpose or intention

pretend: attempt

pretie: cunning, crafty

prettie conceited: both words can mean clever

pricke: acme

pricke: spur

priefe: proof, test