AANDAHL, Fred George, a Representative from North Dakota; born in Litchville, Barnes County, N.Dak., April 9, 1897; graduated from Litchville High School, Litchville, N.Dak.; graduated from the University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N.Dak., 1921; farmer; superintendent of schools, Litchville, N.Dak., 1922-1927; member of the North Dakota state senate, 1931, 1939, and 1941; governor of North Dakota, 1945-1950; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second Congress (January 3, 1951-January 3, 1953); was not a candidate for the Eighty-third Congress in 1952, but was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate; appointed Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior, 1953-1961; died April 7, 1966, in Fargo, N.Dak.; interment in Hillside Cemetery, Valley City, N.Dak.

ABBITT, Watkins Moorman, a Representative from Virginia; born in Lynchburg, Campbell County, Va., May 21, 1908; graduated from Appomattox Agricultural High School, Appomattox, Va., 1925; LL.B., University of Richmond, Richmond, Va., 1931; lawyer, private practice; Commonwealth attorney of Appomattox County, Va., 1932-1948; member of the Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1945; delegate, Democratic National Convention, 1964; bank executive; elected as a Democrat to the Eightieth Congress, by special election to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Patrick H. Drewry, and reelected to the twelve succeeding Congresses (February 17, 1948-January 3, 1973); was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-third Congress in 1972; died on July 13, 1998, in Lynchburg, Va.; interment in Liberty Cemetery, Appomattox, Va.

ABBOTT, Amos, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Andover, Mass., September 10, 1786; attended the Bradford Academy; merchant; highway surveyor; market clerk, 1819-1822; town clerk, 1822, 1826, and 1828; town treasurer, 1824-1829; member of the school committee, 18281829, 1830; business executive; member of the Massachusetts state house of representatives, 1835-1837, 1843; member of the Massachusetts state senate, 1840-1842; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth and to the two succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1849); was not a candidate for reelection in 1848; postmaster, Andover, Mass., 1849-1853; died on November 2, 1868, in Andover, Mass.; interment in South Parish Cemetery, Andover, Mass.

ABBOTT, Jo (Joseph), a Representative from Texas; born near Decatur, Morgan County, Ala., January 15, 1840; Twelfth Texas Cavalry, Confederate States of America, 18591865; lawyer, private practice; member of the Texas state house of representatives, 1870-1871; district judge, Hill County, Johnson County, and Bosque County, Tex., 18791884; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and reelected to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1897); was not a candidate for renomination in 1896; died on February 11, 1908, in Hillsboro, Tex.; interment in Old Cemetery, Hillsboro, Tex.

ABBOTT, Joel, a Representative from Georgia; born in Ridgefield, Conn., March 17, 1776; physician; member of the Washington, Ga., city council; member of the Georgia state house of representatives, 1799, 1802-1804, 1808, and 1811; elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth and reelected to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1825); died on November 19, 1826, in Lexington, Ga.; interment in Rest Haven Cemetery, Washington, Ga.

ABBOTT, Joseph Carter, a Senator from North Carolina; born in Concord, N.H., July 15, 1825; graduated from Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., in 1846; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1852; owner and editor of the Daily American, in Manchester, N.H. 1852-1857; adjutant general of New Hampshire 1855-1861; editor of the Boston Atlas in 1859; member of the commission to adjust the boundary between New Hampshire and Canada; served in the Union Army during the Civil War 1861-1865, breveted as brigadier general; moved to Wilmington, N.C. and was for a time commandant of the city; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1868; upon the readmission of the State of North Carolina was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from July 14, 1868 to March 3, 1871; collector of the port of Wilmington under President Ulysses Grant; inspector of posts along the eastern line of the southern coast under President Rutherford Hayes; established the town of Abbottsburg, in Bladen County, N.C.; engaged in the manufacture of lumber; employed as a special agent in the United States Treasury Department; editor of the Wilmington Post; died in Wilmington, New Hanover County, N.C. on October 8, 1881; originally interred in the U.S. National Cemetery, Wilmington, N.C.; reinterred in Valley Cemetery, Manchester, N.H., in 1887. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography.

ABBOTT, Josiah Gardner, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Chelmsford, Middlesex County, Mass., November 1, 1814; attended the Chelmsford Academy, Concord, Mass.; graduated from Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1832; LL.D., Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., 1862, teacher; lawyer, private practice; member of the Massachusetts state house of representatives, 1836; member of the Massachusetts state senate, 1841-1842; aide to Massachusetts Governor Marcus Morton, 1843; master in chancery, 1850-1855; member of the Massachusetts state constitutional convention, 1853; justice of the superior court, Suffolk County, Mass., 1855-1858; overseer of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1859-1865; several times was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for United States Senator; declined an appointment to the supreme court bench in 1860; declined the Democratic nomination for attorney general in 1861; successfully contested as a Democrat the election of Rufus S. Frost to the Forty-fourth Congress (July 28, 1876-March 3, 1877); was not a candidate for renomination in 1876; member of the Electoral Commission created by the act of Congress approved January 29, 1877, to decide the presidential election of 1876; died on June 2, 1891, in Wellesley Hills, near Boston, Mass.; interment in St. Mary’s Cemetery, Newton Lower Falls, Mass.

ABBOTT, Nehemiah, a Representative from Maine; born in Sidney, Maine, March 29, 1804; studied law at the Litchfield (Conn.) Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1836 and commenced practice at Calais, Maine; moved to Columbus, Miss., in 1839 and continued the practice of law; returned to Maine in 1840 and settled in Belfast, Waldo County, where he resumed the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives in 1842, 1843, and 1845; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); was not a candidate for reelection in 1858; engaged in the practice of his profession until his death; mayor of Belfast in 1865 and 1866; died in Belfast, Maine, July 26, 1877; interment in Grove Cemetery.

ABDNOR, James, a Representative and a Senator from South Dakota; born in Kennebec, Lyman County, S.Dak., February 13, 1923; attended the public schools; graduated, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 1945; served in the United States Army 1942-1943; worked as a farmer-rancher, teacher, coach; served in the South Dakota senate 1956-1968; lieutenant governor of South Dakota 1969-1970; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-third and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1973-January 3, 1981); was not a candidate for reelection in 1980; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1980, and served from January 3, 1981, to January 3, 1987; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; appointed administrator of the Small Business Administration 1987-1989; is a resident of Kennebec, S.Dak. Bibliography: Pressler, Larry. ‘‘James Abdnor.’’ In U.S. Senators from the Prairie, pp. 181-187. Vermillion, SD: Dakota Press, 1982.

ABEL, Hazel Hempel, a Senator from Nebraska; born in Plattsmouth, Cass County, Nebr., July 10, 1888; attended the public schools of Omaha, Nebr., graduated from the University of Nebraska at Lincoln in 1908; high school teacher of mathematics and principal of high schools in Papillion, Ashland, and Crete, Nebr. 1908-1916; president of Abel Construction Co. 1937-1952; chairwoman of the board of directors of Abel Investment Co., Lincoln, Nebr. 1952-1953; vice chairwoman of State Republican Central Committee in 1954; elected on November 2, 1954, as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term ending January 3, 1955, caused by the death of Dwight Griswold, and served from November 8, 1954, until her resignation December 31, 1954; delegate to White House Conference on Education in 1955; chairwoman of Nebraska delegation to the Republican National Convention in 1956; member of the Theodore Roosevelt Centennial Commission 1955-1959; chairwoman, board of trustees, Doane College; member, board of trustees of Nebraska Wesleyan College; died in Lincoln, Nebr., on July 30, 1966; interment in Wyuka Cemetery.

ABELE, Homer E., a Representative from Ohio; born in Wellston, Jackson County, Ohio, November 21, 1916; graduated from Wellston High School, Wellston, Ohio, 1934; attended Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 1946-1948; J.D., Ohio State University College of Law, Columbus, Ohio, 1953; Civilian Conservation Corps, 1935-1936; member of the Ohio State Highway Patrol, 1941-1943, and for six months in 1946 after returning from military service; United States Army Air Corps, 1943-1946; member of the Ohio state general assembly, 1949-1952; admitted to the Ohio state bar, 1954; legislative counsel for a special transportation committee, 1953-1957; solicitor for McArthur, Ohio; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1956; chairman of Vinton County, Ohio, Republican executive committee, 19541957; unsuccessful nominee for Republican candidate for Congress in 1958; elected as a Republican to the Eightyeighth Congress (January 3, 1963-January 3, 1965); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Eighty-ninth Congress in 1964; elected judge, fourth district court of appeals of Ohio, 1966-1991, and served as presiding judge, 1977-1978, 1983 and 1984; chief justice, Ohio Court of Appeals, 1978; died on May 12, 2000, in Hamden, Ohio; remains were cremated.

ABERCROMBIE, James, a Representative from Alabama; born in Hancock County, Ga., in 1795; attended the common schools; moved to Alabama about 1812 and settled in Monroe (now Dallas) County, and later, in 1819, in Montgomery County; during the War of 1812 served as a corporal in Maj. F. Freeman’s Squadron of Georgia Cavalry; studied law; member of the State house of representatives 18201822 and in 1824; captain in the Alabama Militia and in command of the cavalry at the reception for General Lafayette in 1825; served in the State senate 1825-1833; moved to Russell County in 1834; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1838 and 1839; again served in the State senate 1847-1850; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses (March 4, 1851March 3, 1855); was not a candidate for renomination in 1854; moved to Florida in 1856 and became engaged as a Government brick contractor; died in Pensacola, Fla., July 2, 1861; interment in Linwood Cemetery, Columbus, Ga.

ABERCROMBIE, John William, a Representative from Alabama; born near Kellys Creek Post Office, St. Clair County, Ala., May 17, 1866; attended the rural schools; was graduated from Oxford (Ala.) College in 1886 and from the law department of the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1888; was admitted to the bar in 1888 and practiced in Cleburne County, Ala., in 1889 and 1890; high school principal, city school superintendent, and college president 1888-1898; member of the State senate 1896-1898; State superintendent of education 1898-1902; president of the University of Alabama 1902-1911; president of the Southern Educational Association in 1906 and 1907; organizer and president of the Alabama Association of Colleges 1908-1912; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-third and Sixty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1913-March 3, 1917); was not a candidate for reelection in 1916; served as Solicitor and Acting Secretary in the United States Department of Labor 19181920; appointed and subsequently elected State superintendent of education for the term 1920-1927; died in Montgomery, Ala., July 2, 1940; interment in Greenwood Cemetery. Bibliography: Richardson, Jesse Monroe. The Contribution of John William Abercrombie to Public Education. Nashville, Bureau of Publication, George Peabody College for Teachers. [N.p., 1949].

ABERCROMBIE, Neil, a Representative from Hawaii; born in Buffalo, Erie County, N.Y., June 26, 1938; graduated from Williamsville High School, Williamsville, N.Y.; B.A., Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., 1959; M.A., University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii, 1964; Ph.D., University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii, 1974; unsuccessful candidate for United States Senate in 1970; member of the Hawaii state house of representatives, 1974-1978; member of the Hawaii state senate, 1978-1986; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress in a special election to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Representative Cecil Heftel (September 20, 1986-January 3, 1987); unsuccessful candidate for election to the One Hundredth Congress in 1986; member of the Honolulu city council, 19881991; elected to the One Hundred Second and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1991-present).

ABERNETHY, Charles Laban, a Representative from North Carolina; born in Rutherford College, Burke County, N.C., March 18, 1872; attended the public schools, Mount Olive (N.C.) High School, and Rutherford College; moved to Beaufort, Carteret County, N.C., in 1893; founded the Beaufort Herald in 1893; studied law at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; was admitted to the bar in 1895 and commenced practice in Beaufort, N.C.; solicitor of the third (later the fifth) judicial circuit for twelve years; member of the State Democratic executive committee 18981900; moved to New Bern, N.C., in 1913 and continued the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the Sixtyseventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Samuel M. Brinson; reelected to the Sixty-eighth and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from November 7, 1922, to January 3, 1935; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1934; resumed the practice of law until his retirement in 1938; died in New Bern, N.C., February 23, 1955; interment in Cedar Grove Cemetery.

ABERNETHY, Thomas Gerstle, a Representative from Mississippi; born in Eupora, Webster County, Miss., May 16, 1903; attended the public schools, the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, the University of Mississippi at Oxford, and was graduated from the law department of Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., in 1924; was admitted to the bar in 1924 and commenced practice in Eupora, Miss., in 1925; mayor of Eupora 1927-1929; moved to Okolona, Miss, in 1929 and continued the practice of law; district attorney of the third judicial district of Mississippi 1936-1942; delegate, Democratic National Conventions in 1956 and 1960; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-eighth and to the fourteen succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1943-January 3, 1973); chairman, Committee on Elections No. 1 (Seventyeighth Congress); was not a candidate for reelection in 1972 to the Ninety-third Congress; died in Jackson, Miss., on June 11, 1998.

ABOUREZK, James George, a Representative and a Senator from South Dakota; born in Wood, Mellette County, S.Dak., February 24, 1931; attended the Wood and Mission public schools; graduated as a civil engineer from the South Dakota School of Mines, Rapid City, S.Dak., 1961; graduated from the University of South Dakota Law School, Vermillion, S.Dak. 1966; lawyer; admitted to the South Dakota bar in 1966 and commenced practice in Rapid City; served in the United States Navy 1948-1952; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-second Congress (January 3, 1971-January 3, 1973); was not a candidate for reelection to the United States House of Representatives in 1972, but was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from January 3, 1973, to January 3, 1979; was not a candidate for reelection in 1978; chairman, Select Committee on Indian Affairs (Ninety-fifth Congress); chairman, American Indian Policy Review Commission 1976; resumed the practice of law and began a career in writing; is a resident of Sioux Falls, S. Dak. Bibliography: Abourezk, James G. Advise & Dissent: Memoirs of South Dakota and the U.S. Senate. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1989; Abourezk, James G. ‘‘The Congressional Veto: A Contemporary Response to Executive Encroachment on Legislative Prerogative.’’ Indiana Law Journal 52 (Winter 1977): 323-43; Abourezk, James, and Hyman Bookbinder. Through Different Eyes: Two Leading Americans, A Jew and an Arab, Debate U.S. Policy in the Middle East. Bethesda, Md.: Adler and Adler, 1987.

ABRAHAM, Spencer, a Senator from Michigan; born in East Lansing, Mich., June 12, 1952; attended the public schools in East Lansing; graduated from Michigan State University 1974; received J.D. degree from Harvard Law School 1978; admitted to the District of Columbia and Michigan bars; chairman, Michigan Republican Party 1983-1989; deputy chief of staff to Vice President J. Danforth Quayle 1990; co-chairman, National Republican Congressional Committee 1990-1992; office counsel, Miller, Canfield, Paddock, and Stone 1992-1994; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1994; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 2000; Secretary of Energy, 2001-.

ABZUG, Bella Savitzky, a Representative from New York; born Bella Savitzky in New York City, July 24, 1920; attended the local public schools; A.B., Hunter College, New York City, 1942; LL.B., Columbia University Law School, New York City, 1945; graduate work at Jewish Theological Seminary of America; admitted to the New York Bar in 1947 and commenced practice in New York City; active in labor law; a founder and member, National and State New Democratic Coalition, 1968; an initiator and national legislative representative, Women Strike for Peace Movement, 1961-1971; delegate to Democratic National Convention, 1972 and 1980; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-second and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1971January 3, 1977); was not a candidate in 1976 for reelection to the United States House of Representatives, but was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate; unsuccessful candidate for nomination in 1977 in the New York mayoral primary; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Ninety-fifth Congress in a special election, February 14, 1978; co-chair, National Advisory Committee for Women, 1978-1979; unsuccessful candidate for election to the One Hundredth Congress; was a resident of New York City until her death there on March 31, 1998. Bibliography: Abzug, Bella (Savitzky). Bella! Ms. Abzug Goes to Washington. Edited by Mel Ziegler. New York: Saturday Review Press, 1972; Faber, Doris. Bella Abzug. New York: Lothrop, 1976. ´ ´

ACEVEDO-VILA, Anıbal, a Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico; born in Hato Rey, P.R., February 13, 1962; B.A., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, P.R., 1982; J.D., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, P.R., 1985; L.L.M., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1987; lawyer, private practice; member of the Puerto Rican house of representatives, 1991-2001; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Seventh Congress to a four-year term (January 3, 2001-January 3, 2005); not a candidate for reelection in 2004, but was a successful candidate for Governor of Puerto Rico.

ACHESON, Ernest Francis, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Washington, Washington County, Pa., September 19, 1855; attended the public schools; was graduated from Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pa., in 1875; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1877 and practiced until 1879; purchased the Washington Weekly Observer, of which he was editor; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1884 and 1896; established a daily edition of the Observer in 1889; elected president of the Pennsylvania Editorial Association in January 1893 and in June of the same year was chosen recording secretary of the National Editorial Association; trustee of Washington and Jefferson College 1894-1917; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1909); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1908; resumed editorial work until his retirement in 1912; died in Washington, Pa., May 16, 1917; interment in Washington Cemetery.

ACKER, Ephraim Leister, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Marlboro Township, Montgomery County, Pa., January 11, 1827; attended the common schools and the academy at Sumneytown; was graduated from Marshall College, Mercersburg, Pa., September 8, 1847; taught school for two years; was graduated in medicine from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in March 1852; editor and publisher of the Norristown Register 1853-1877; superintendent of the schools of Montgomery County from June 1854 to June 1860; appointed postmaster of Norristown, Pa., in March 1860 by President Buchanan and after serving eleven months was removed by President Lincoln; served as inspector of Montgomery County Prison for three years; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-second Congress (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1873); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; resumed the publication of his newspaper until 1877, when he began the study of law; was admitted to the bar and practiced until his death in Norristown, Pa., May 12, 1903; interment in Norris City Cemetery, Norriton Township, Montgomery County, Pa.

ACKERMAN, Ernest Robinson, a Representative from New Jersey; born in New York City, N.Y., June 17, 1863; moved with his parents to Plainfield, N.J., very shortly thereafter; educated at public and private schools and was graduated from the Plainfield High School in 1880; engaged in cement manufacturing; member of the common council of Plainfield, N.J., in 1891 and 1892; member of the State senate 1905-1911, serving as president in 1911; delegate to the Republican National Conventions at Chicago in 1908 and in 1916; member of the board of trustees of Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N.J., 1916-1920; Federal food administrator for Union County during the First World War; member of the State board of education 1918-1920; member of the New Jersey Geological Survey and associate of the American Society of Civil Engineers; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1919, until his death in Plainfield, N.J., October 18, 1931; interment in the family plot, Hillside Cemetery.

ACKERMAN, Gary Leonard, a Representative from New York; born in Brooklyn, Kings County, N.Y., November 19, 1942; graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1960; B.A., Queens College, Flushing, N.Y., 1965; attended, St. John’s University, Jamaica, N.Y., 1966; teacher; member of the New York state senate, 1979-1983; business owner; unsuccessful candidate for city council, New York City, N.Y., 1977; elected as a Democrat to the Ninetyeighth Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Benjamin Rosenthal, and reelected to the ten succeeding Congresses (March 1, 1983-present).

ACKLEN, Joseph Hayes, a Representative from Louisiana; born in Nashville, Tenn., May 20, 1850; educated by private tutors; attended Burlington Military College, near Burlington, N.J., in 1864 and 1865, and was graduated from ´ two foreign universities (Ecole de Neuilly, Paris, and Swiss University, Vevay); returned to the United States and was graduated from the Lebanon Law School, Lebanon, Tenn., in 1871; commenced the practice of law in Nashville and later practiced in Memphis, Tenn.; abandoned the practice of law and moved to Louisiana to superintend his sugar plantations near Pattersonville (now Patterson), St. May Parish; colonel in the Louisiana Militia in 1876; successfully contested as a Democrat the election of Chester B. Darrall to the Forty-fifth Congress; reelected to the Forty-sixth Congress and served from February 20, 1878, to March 3, 1881; was not a candidate for renomination in 1880; resumed the practice of law at Franklin, La.; declined to accept the position of judge of the Federal district court of Louisiana tendered by President Hayes in 1880; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1882 to the Forty-eighth Congress; returned to Nashville, Tenn., in 1885 and continued the practice of law; chairman of the Davidson County Democratic executive committee 1886-1894; member of the Nashville City Council 1900-1904; president of the State bar association in 1901 and 1902; general insurance counsel of Tennessee 19031907; State warden of the department of game, fish, and forestry 1903-1913; general counsel of the National Association of Game and Fish Commissioners of the United States 1905-1912, when elected president; middle Tennessee counsel of the St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad 1907-1911; chief game warden of the United States in 1913 and 1914; author of numerous articles on ornithology, fish culture, forestry, and field sports; chairman of the State central committee on the constitutional convention 1923-1927; died in Nashville, Tenn., September 28, 1938; interment in Mount Olivet Cemetery.

ADAIR, Edwin Ross, a Representative from Indiana; born in Albion, Noble County, Ind., December 14, 1907; attended grade and high schools in Albion, Ind.; was graduated from Hillsdale (Mich.) College, A.B., 1928, and from George Washington University Law School, Washington, D.C., LL.B., 1933; was admitted to the Indiana bar in 1933 and commenced the practice of law in Fort Wayne, Ind.; probate commissioner of Allen County, Ind., 1940-1950; during the Second World War was called to active duty as a second lieutenant in the Quartermaster Corps Reserve in September 1941 and served until October 1945; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second and to the nine succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1951-January 3, 1971); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1970 to the Ninetysecond Congress; ambassador to Ethiopia, 1971-1974; resumed the practice of law in Ft. Wayne, Ind., where he resided until his death there, May 5, 1983; interment in Greenlawn Memorial Park and Mausoleum, Ft. Wayne.

ADAIR, Jackson Leroy, a Representative from Illinois; born in Clayton, Adams County, Ill., February 23, 1887; attended public and high schools, and Illinois College at Jacksonville; was graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1911; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Muskogee, Okla.; moved to Quincy, Ill., in 1913 and continued the practice of law; also engaged in agricultural pursuits and in the manufacture of medicine for livestock; city attorney 1914-1916; prosecuting attorney of Adams County 1916-1920 and 1924-1928; member of the State senate 19281932; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1937); was not a candidate for renomination in 1936; appointed United States district judge for the southern district of Illinois in 1937 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and served until his death in Quincy, Ill., January 19, 1956; interment in South Side Cemetery, Clayton, Ill.

ADAIR, John, a Senator and a Representative from Kentucky; born in Chester District, Chester County, S.C., January 9, 1757; attended the public schools in Charlotte, N.C.; served in the Revolutionary War; member of the South Carolina convention that ratified the Constitution of the United States; moved to Kentucky in 1788; major of volunteers in an expedition against the Indians under General Wilkinson in 1791 and 1792; was a lieutenant colonel under General Scott in 1793; member of the Kentucky constitutional convention in 1792; member of the State house of representatives 1793-1795, 1798, and 1800-1803, serving as speaker in 1802 and 1803; register of the United States land office in 1805; elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Breckinridge and served from November 8, 1805, to November 18, 1806, when he resigned, having been an unsuccessful candidate for reelection; aide to Governor Isaac Shelby in the Battle of the Thames in 1813; commander of the Kentucky rifle brigade which served under General Andrew Jackson in 1814 and 1815; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1817; appointed adjutant general with the brevet rank of brigadier general; Governor of Kentucky 1820-1824; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second Congress (March 4, 1831-March 3, 1833); was not a candidate for reelection in 1832; died in Harrodsburg, Ky., May 19, 1840; interment in State Cemetery, Frankfort, Ky., where a monument to his memory was erected by the State. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Gillig, John S. ‘‘In the Pursuit of Truth and Honor: The Controversy Between Andrew Jackson and John Adair in 1817.’’ Filson Club History Quarterly 58 (April 1984): 177-201; Leger, William G. ‘‘The Public Life Of John Adair.’’ Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kentucky, 1960.

ADAIR, John Alfred McDowell, a Representative from Indiana; born near Portland, Jay County, Ind., December 22, 1864; attended the public schools and Portland High School; engaged in mercantile pursuits; clerk of the city of Portland 1888-1890; clerk of Jay County 1890-1895; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1895 and commenced practice in Portland, Ind.; member of the State house of representatives in 1902 and 1903; engaged in banking, being elected president of the First National Bank of Portland in 1904; elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1907-March 3, 1917); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of War (Sixty-third and Sixty-fourth Congresses); did not seek renomination in 1916 but was an unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Governor of Indiana; resumed the banking business in Portland, Ind.; moved to Washington, D.C., in 1924 and served as vice president of Southern Dairies (Inc.) until 1931; chairman of the board of the Finance Service Co., in Baltimore, Md., 1933-1935; vice president of the Atlas Tack Corporation, Fairhaven, Mass., 1935-1937; director of the Artloom Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1937; died in Portland, Ind., October 5, 1938; interment in Green Park Cemetery.

ADAMS, Alva Blanchard, a Senator from Colorado; born in Del Norte, Rio Grande County, Colo., October 29, 1875; attended the common schools; graduated from Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., in 1893; graduated from Yale University in 1896 and from Columbia Law School in 1899; admitted to the bar in 1899 and commenced practice in Pueblo, Colo.; county attorney of Pueblo County 1909-1911; member of the charter convention of Pueblo in 1911; regent of the State University of Colorado 1911 and 1912; city attorney of Pueblo 1911-1915; during the First World War served as major in the Judge Advocate General’s Department 19181919; appointed on May 17, 1923, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Samuel D. Nicholson and served from May 17, 1923, to November 30, 1924, when a successor was elected and qualified; not a candidate for the special election to fill remainder of term, but was an unsuccessful candidate for the 1924 general election; resumed the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1932; reelected in 1938, and served from March 4, 1933, until his death; chairman, Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation (Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth Congresses), Committee on Public Lands and Surveys (Seventy-fifth through Seventy-seventh Congresses); died in Washington, D.C., due to heart attack, on December 1, 1941; interment in Roselawn Cemetery, Pueblo, Colorado. Bibliography: U.S. Congress. Memorial Services for Alva B. Adams. 77th Cong., 2nd sess., 1942. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1944; Rathgeber, Harold. ‘‘The Public Life of Alva Adams.’’ Master’s thesis, University of Denver, 1954.

ADAMS, Andrew, a Delegate from Connecticut; born in Stratford, Conn., January 7, 1736; pursued preparatory studies; was graduated from Yale College in 1760; studied law, and was admitted to the Fairfield County bar; prosecuting attorney of Litchfield County in 1772; moved in 1774 to Litchfield, which thereafter remained his home; member of the Connecticut Council of Safety for two years; served in the Revolutionary War with the rank of colonel; member of the State house of representatives 1776-1781, serving as speaker in 1779 and 1780; Member of the Continental Congress in 1778; signer of the Articles of Confederation in 1778; member of the executive council in 1789; appointed chief justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court in 1793 and served in this position until his death in Litchfield, Conn., November 26, 1797; interment in East Cemetery.

ADAMS, Benjamin, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Mendon, Mass., December 16, 1764; attended the public schools and was graduated from Brown University in 1788; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Uxbridge; member of the State house of representatives 1809-1814; served in the State senate in 1814, 1815, and 1822-1825; elected as a Federalist to the Fourteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Elijah Brigham; reelected to the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses and served from December 2, 1816, to March 3, 1821; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1820 to the Seventeenth Congress and for election in 1822 to the Eighteenth Congress; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Uxbridge, Worcester County, Mass., March 28, 1837; interment in Prospect Hill Cemetery.

ADAMS, Brockman (Brock), a Representative and a Senator from Washington; born in Atlanta, Ga., on January 13, 1927; attended the public schools in Portland, Oreg.; graduated, University of Washington, Seattle 1949; graduated, Harvard Law School 1952; served in the United States Navy 1944-1946; admitted to the Washington State bar in 1952 and began practice in Seattle; taught law, American Institute of Banking 1954-1960; United States attorney for the Western District of Washington 1961-1964; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-ninth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1965, until his resignation on January 22, 1977; chairman, Committee on the Budget (Ninety-fourth Congress); Secretary of Transportation in the Cabinet of President Jimmy Carter 1977-1979; resumed the practice of law in Washington State; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1986, and served from January 3, 1987, to January 3, 1993; was not a candidate for reelection in 1992; was a resident of Stevensville, Md., until his death, due to complications of Parkinson’s disease, on September 10, 2004.

ADAMS, Charles Francis (son of John Quincy Adams and grandson of John Adams), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Boston, Mass., August 18, 1807; spent several years with his parents in St. Petersburg, Russia; attended the Boston Latin School, and was graduated from Harvard University in 1825; studied law; was admitted to the bar on January 6, 1829, and commenced practice in Boston; member of the State house of representatives in 1831; served in the State senate 1835-1840; founded the Boston Whig in 1846; unsuccessful candidate of the FreeSoil Party for Vice President of the United States in 1848; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses and served from March 4, 1859, to May 1, 1861, when he resigned to accept a diplomatic position; chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Thirty-sixth Congress); appointed by President Lincoln as Minister to England and served from March 20, 1861, to May 13, 1868; declined the presidency of Harvard University but became one of its overseers in 1869; died in Boston, Mass., November 21, 1886; interment in Mount Wollaston Cemetery, Quincy, Norfolk County, Mass. Bibliography: Adams, Charles Francis. Diary of Charles Francis ¨ Adams. 1964. Reprint, edited by Aıda DiPace Donald and David Donald. 8 vols. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1986; Duberman, Martin B. Charles Francis Adams, 1807-1886. 1960. Reprint, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, [1968].

ADAMS, Charles Henry, a Representative from New York; born in Coxsackie, Greene County, N.Y., April 10, 1824; attended the public schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar about 1845 and commenced practice in New York City; moved to Cohoes, Albany County, N.Y., in 1850; appointed with rank of colonel to Governor Hunt’s staff in 1851; member of the State assembly in 1858; engaged in the manufacture of knit underwear, and in banking; retired from active business in 1870; served as first mayor of Cohoes 1870-1872; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1872; served in the State senate in 1872 and 1873; United States commissioner from New York to the Vienna Exposition in 1873; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1877); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1876; resumed banking in Cohoes, N.Y., until 1892, when he retired from active business pursuits and moved to New York City, where he died December 15, 1902; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery.

ADAMS, George Everett, a Representative from Illinois; born in Keene, Cheshire County, N.H., June 18, 1840; moved with his parents to Chicago, Ill., in 1853; attended Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H.; was graduated from Harvard University in 1860; during the Civil War enlisted in the First Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Artillery; attended the Harvard Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1865 and commenced practice in Chicago, Ill.; member of the State senate from 1880 until March 3, 1883, when he resigned to enter Congress; elected as a Republican to the Fortyeighth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1891); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; resumed the practice of his profession in Chicago, Ill., until his death at his summer home in Peterborough, Hillsborough County, N.H., October 5, 1917; interment in Pine Hill Cemetery.

ADAMS, George Madison (nephew of Green Adams), a Representative from Kentucky; born in Barbourville, Knox County, Ky., December 20, 1837; received private instruction from his father and attended Centre College, Danville, Ky.; studied law; clerk of the circuit court of Knox County, Ky., 1859-1861; during the Civil War raised a company of volunteers and was captain of Company H, Seventh Regiment, Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, from 1861 to 1863; in 1864 was commissioned paymaster with the rank of major; elected as a Democrat to the Fortieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1875); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress; elected Clerk of the House of Representatives December 6, 1875, during the Forty-fourth Congress, and served until the commencement of the Forty-seventh Congress, December 5, 1881; appointed register of the Kentucky land office by Gov. J. Proctor Knott and served from 1884 to 1887; appointed secretary of state for Kentucky by Gov. Simon B. Buckner and served from 1887 to 1891; appointed State railroad commissioner in 1891; appointed United States pension agent at Louisville by President Cleveland and served from 1894 to 1898; after retirement resided at Winchester, Clark County, Ky., until his death April 6, 1920; interment in Lexington Cemetery, Lexington, Ky.

ADAMS, Green (uncle of George Madison Adams), a Representative from Kentucky; born in Barbourville, Knox County, Ky., August 20, 1812; pursued preparatory studies; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; member of the State house of representatives in 1839; presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1844; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); was not a candidate for renomination in 1848; judge of the circuit court of Kentucky 1851-1856; elected as the candidate of the Opposition Party to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1861); was not a candidate for renomination in 1860; Sixth Auditor of the Treasury Department from April 17, 1861, to October 26, 1864; resumed the practice of law in Philadelphia; died in Philadelphia, Pa., January 18, 1884; interment in West Laurel Hill Cemetery.

ADAMS, Henry Cullen, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Verona, Oneida County, N.Y., November 28, 1850; moved to Wisconsin in 1851 with his parents, who settled in Fort Atkinson, Jefferson County; attended the public schools, Albion Academy, and the University of Wisconsin at Madison; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the Wisconsin assembly 1883-1885; State superintendent of public property 1884-1890; engaged in work with the Wisconsin farmers’ institutes 1887-1889; president of the Wisconsin Dairy Association and secretary of the State Horticultural Society; State dairy and food commissioner 18951902; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-eighth and Fiftyninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1903, until his death in Chicago, Ill., July 9, 1906; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery, Madison, Wis.

ADAMS, John, a Representative from New York; born in Oak Hill, town of Durham, Greene County, N.Y., August 26, 1778; attended the common schools; taught school in Durham; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1805 and commenced practice in Durham; appointed surrogate of Greene County by Governor Tompkins in 1810; member of the State assembly, 1812-1813; presented credentials as a Republican to the Fourteenth Congress, but was succeeded by Erastus Root, who contested his election (March 4, 1815December 26, 1815); elected as a Jacksonian to the Twentythird Congress (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1835); was not a candidate for renomination in 1834; moved to Catskill, Greene County, N.Y., and continued the practice of law until his death; elected a director of the Catskill-Canajoharie Railroad in 1835; died in Catskill, N.Y., September 25, 1854; interment in Thomson Street Cemetery.

ADAMS, John (father of John Quincy Adams; grandfather of Charles Francis Adams; cousin of Samuel Adams; father-in-law of William Stephens Smith), a Delegate from Massachusetts and a Vice President and 2d President of the United States; born in Braintree, Mass., October 19, 1735; graduated from Harvard College in 1755; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1758 and commenced practice in Suffolk County; joined the Sons of Liberty and argued against the Stamp Act; was elected to represent Boston in the general court in 1768; Member of the Continental Congress 1774-1777; signed the Declaration of Independence and proposed George Washington, of Virginia, for General of the American Army; became a member of the Board of War, but resigned to accept appointment as commissioner to the Court of France; Minister Plenipotentiary to Holland 1782; first Minister to England 1785-1788; elected in 1788 as the first Vice President of the United States with George Washington as President; reelected in 1792 and served from April 21, 1789, to March 3, 1797; elected President of the United States and served from March 4, 1797, to March 3, 1801; delegate to the constitutional convention of Massachusetts 1820; died in Quincy, Mass., July 4, 1826; interment under the old First Congregational Church, now called the United First Parish Church. Bibliography: McCullough, David. John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001; Ryerson, Richard Alan, ed. John Adams and the Founding of the Republic. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society (Northeastern University Press), 2001.

ADAMS, John Joseph, a Representative from New York; born in Douglas Town, Province of New Brunswick, Dominion of Canada, September 16, 1848; attended the local school; came to the United States and settled in New York City in 1864; engaged as a clerk with a dry-goods firm until 1874; was graduated from Columbia Law School in 1876; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in New York City; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1887); was not a candidate for renomination in 1886; resumed the practice of law in New York City and died there February 16, 1919; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.

ADAMS, John Quincy (son of John Adams, father of Charles Francis Adams, brother-in-law of William Stephens Smith), a Senator and a Representative from Massachusetts and 6th President of the United States; born in Braintree, Mass., July 11, 1767; acquired his early education in Europe at the University of Leyden; was graduated from Harvard University in 1787; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Boston, Mass.; appointed Minister to Netherlands 1794, Minister to Portugal 1796, Minister to Prussia 1797, and served until 1801; commissioned to make a commercial treaty with Sweden in 1798; elected to the Massachusetts State senate in 1802; unsuccessful candidate for election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1802; elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1803, until June 8, 1808, when he resigned, a successor having been elected six months early after Adams broke with the Federalist party; Minister to Russia 1809-1814; member of the commission which negotiated the Treaty of Ghent in 1814; Minister to England 1815-1817, assisted in concluding the convention of commerce with Great Britain; Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President James Monroe 1817-1825; decision in the 1824 election of the President of the United States fell, according to the Constitution of the United States, upon the House of Representatives, as none of the candidates had secured a majority of the electors chosen by the states, and Adams, who stood second to Andrew Jackson in the electoral vote, was chosen and served from March 4, 1825, to March 3, 1829; elected as a Republican to the U.S. House of Representatives for the Twenty-second and to the eight succeeding Congresses, becoming a Whig in 1834; served from March 4, 1831, until his death; chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Twenty-second through Twenty-sixth, and Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Indian Affairs (Twenty-seventh Congress), Committee on Foreign Affairs (Twenty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in 1834; died in the U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C., February 23, 1848; interment in the family burial ground at Quincy, Mass.; subsequently reinterred in United First Parish Church. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Adams, John Quincy. The Diary of John Quincy Adams. Edited by David Grayson Allen, Robert J. Taylor, et al. 2 vols. to date. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981-; Nagel, Paul C. John Quincy Adams: A Public Life, A Private Life. New York: Knopf, 1997; Remini, Robert. John Quincy Adams. New York: Times Books, 2002.

ADAMS, Parmenio, a Representative from New York; born in Hartford, Conn., September 9, 1776; attended the common schools; moved in 1806 to ‘‘Phelps Corners,’’ then in the township of Batavia, Genesee County (now Attica, Wyoming County), N.Y.; held commissions in the New York State Militia from 1806 to 1816 as lieutenant of light Infantry, captain of Grenadiers, second and first major, and division inspector of Infantry; served in the War of 1812 as major and commandant of New York Volunteers for some months on the Niagara frontier and was recommended for a majority in the United States Army by Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York; twice appointed sheriff of Genesee County, serving in 1815 and 1816, and again from 1818 to 1821; engaged in agricultural pursuits and also was a construction contractor on the Erie Canal; successfully contested the election of Isaac Wilson to the Eighteenth Congress; reelected to the Nineteenth Congress and served from January 7, 1824, to March 3, 1827; died in Alexander, Genesee County, N.Y., February 19, 1832.

ADAMS, Robert Huntington, a Senator from Mississippi; born in Rockbridge County, Va., in 1792; apprenticed to the cooper’s trade; graduated from Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) at Lexington, Va., in 1806; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Knoxville, Tenn.; moved to Natchez, Miss., in 1819; member of the State house of representatives in 1828; elected as a Jacksonian to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas B. Reed and served from January 6, 1830, until his death in Natchez, Miss., July 2, 1830; interment in Natchez City Cemetery.

ADAMS, Robert, Jr., a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., February 26, 1849; attended Doctor Fairies Physical Institute, Philadelphia, Pa., and was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1869; studied law; was admitted to the bar April 27, 1872, and practiced; member of the United States Geological Survey during the explorations of Yellowstone Park 1871-1875; member of the State militia 1881-1895; served in the State senate 1883-1886; was graduated from the Wharton School of Economy and Finance of the University of Pennsylvania in 1884; appointed United States Minister to Brazil on April 1, 1889, and served until June 1, 1890, when he resigned; elected as a Republican to the Fiftythird Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles O’Neill; reelected to the Fifty-fourth and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from December 19, 1893, until his death in Washington, D.C., June 1, 1906; interment in Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa.

ADAMS, Samuel (uncle of Joseph Allen; granduncle of Charles Allen; cousin of John Adams), a Delegate from Massachusetts; born in Boston, Mass., September 27, 1722; graduated from Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., 1740; M.A., Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., 1743; brewer; tax collector, Boston, Mass., 1756-1764; member of the Massachusetts general court, 1765-1774; member of the Continental Congress, 1774-1781; signer of the Declaration of Independence; member of the Massachusetts state constitutional convention, 1779; president of the Massachusetts state senate, 1781; member of the Massachusetts state constitutional convention, 1788; unsuccessful candidate for election to the First Congress in 1788; lieutenant governor of Massachusetts, 1789-1794; governor of Massachusetts, 1794-1797; died on October 2, 1803, in Boston, Mass.; interment in Granary Burial Ground, Boston, Mass. Bibliography: Irvin, Benjamin H. Samuel Adams: Son of Liberty, Father of Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

ADAMS, Sherman, a Representative from New Hampshire; born in East Dover, Windham County, Vt., January 8, 1899; as an infant moved with his parents to Providence, R.I.; attended the public schools of Providence; served in the United States Marine Corps during the First World War; was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1920; engaged in the lumber business in Healdville, Vt., in 1921 and 1922 and in the paper and lumber business in Lincoln, N.H., 1923-1944; also engaged in banking; member of the New Hampshire house of representatives 19411944, serving as speaker in 1943 and 1944; chairman of the Grafton County Republican Committee 1942-1944; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1944 and 1952; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-ninth Congress (January 3, 1945-January 3, 1947); was not a candidate for renomination in 1946 but was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for the gubernatorial nomination; engaged as a representative of the American Pulpwood Industry in New York City 1946-1948; Governor of New Hampshire January 1, 1949-January 1, 1953; appointed The Assistant to President Eisenhower January 21, 1953, and served until his resignation September 22, 1958; engaged in writing and lecturing; established a ski resort in 1966 and was president and chairman of the board of Loon Mountain Corporation; was a resident of Lincoln, N.H., until his death in Hanover, N.H., October 27, 1986.

ADAMS, Silas, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Pulaski County, Ky., February 9, 1839; moved to Casey County with his parents in 1841; attended the public schools, Kentucky University at Harrodsburg, and Transylvania University at Lexington; entered the Union Army during the Civil War as a first lieutenant, First Regiment, Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry; promoted to captain, lieutenant colonel, and colonel of the regiment; was mustered out December 31, 1864; entered Lexington Law School in 1867; was admitted to the bar and practiced; served two terms as county attorney; member of the State house of representatives 1889-1892; unsuccessful Republican candidate for the United States Senate in 1892; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third Congress (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1895); unsuccessful independent candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of law; died in Liberty, Casey County, Ky., May 5, 1896; interment in Brown Cemetery, Humphrey, Ky.

ADAMS, Stephen, a Representative and a Senator from Mississippi; born in the Pendleton District, S.C., October 17, 1807; moved with his parents to Franklin County, Tenn., in 1812; attended the public schools; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1829; member of the State senate 1833-1834; moved to Aberdeen, Miss., in 1834 and commenced the practice of law; circuit court judge 1837-1845; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1847); again became judge of the circuit court in 1848; member of the State house of representatives in 1850; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1851; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate on February 19, 1852, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jefferson Davis and served from March 17, 1852, to March 3, 1857; chairman, Committee on Retrenchment (Thirtythird and Thirty-fourth Congresses); moved to Memphis, Tenn. and resumed the practice of law; died in Memphis, Tenn., May 1, 1857; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

ADAMS, Thomas, a Delegate from Virginia; born in New Kent County, Va., in 1730; attended the common schools; clerk of Henrico County; journeyed to England in 1762 and attended to his extensive business interests there until 1774; returned before the Revolutionary War; member of the Virginia House of Burgesses and signed the Articles of Association May 27, 1774; chairman of the New Kent County Committee of Safety in 1774; Member of the Continental Congress in 1778 and 1779; a signer of the Articles of Confederation; moved to Augusta County, Va., in 1780; member of the State senate 1783-1786; died on his estate, ‘‘Cowpasture,’’ in Augusta County, Va., in August 1788.

ADAMS, Wilbur Louis, a Representative from Delaware; born in Georgetown, Sussex County, Del., October 23, 1884; attended the public schools, Delaware College, Newark, Del., and Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.; was graduated from the law department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1907; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Wilmington, Del.; unsuccessful candidate for election as attorney general in 1924; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third Congress (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1935); was not a candidate for renomination in 1934, but was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate; moved to Georgetown, Del., in 1934 and continued the practice of law; acting postmaster of Georgetown, Del., from May 6, 1937, until his death; died in Lewes, Del., on December 4, 1937; interment in Union Cemetery, Georgetown, Del.

ADAMSON, William Charles, a Representative from Georgia; born in Bowdon, Carroll County, Ga., August 13, 1854; attended the common schools; was graduated from Bowdon College in 1874; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1876 and commenced practice in Carrollton, Carroll County, Ga.; judge of the city court of Carrollton 1885-1889; attorney for the city of Carrollton for a number of years; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1892; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth and to the ten succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1897, until December 18, 1917, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Sixty-second through Sixty-fifth Congresses); appointed on December 17, 1917, a member of the Board of United States General Appraisers (now the United States Customs Court) and served until January 20, 1928, when he resigned; resumed the practice of law in Carrollton, Ga.; died while on a visit in New York City, January 3, 1929; interment in City Cemetery, Carrollton, Ga.

ADDABBO, Joseph Patrick, a Representative from New York; born in Ozone Park, Queens County, N.Y., March 17, 1925; attended Public School 59, Boys’ High School, Brooklyn, and City College of New York; graduated from St. John’s Law School in 1946 and commenced the practice of law in Ozone Park, N.Y., in 1947; president of Ozone Park Men’s Association, 1948-1959 and Ferrini Welfare League of Catholic Charities, 1956-1958; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-seventh and to the twelve succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1961, until his death in Washington, D.C., April 10, 1986; interment in St. John’s Cemetery, Queens, N.Y.

ADDAMS, William, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Lancaster County, Pa., April 11, 1777; moved to Berks County, near Reading, and served as auditor in 1813 and 1814; commissioner of Berks County 1814-1817; member of the State house of representatives 1822-1824; elected to the Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses (March 4, 1825March 3, 1829); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1828; member of the committee for the Deaf and Dumb Institution for the States of New York and Ohio; elected associate judge of Berks County and served from 1839 to 1842; captain of the Reading City Troop; largely interested in agricultural pursuits; died in Spring Township, Berks County, Pa., May 30, 1858; interment in St. John’s Church Cemetery, Sinking Springs, Pa.

ADDONIZIO, Hugh Joseph, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Newark, Essex County, N.J., January 31, 1914; attended the public schools; graduated from West Side High School, Newark, N.J., in 1933, St. Benedict’s Prep School, Newark, N.J., in 1935, and Fordham University, New York City, in 1939; employed with A & C Clothing Co., of Newark, N.J., in 1939 and became vice president in 1946; during the Second World War entered the United States Army as a private on January 13, 1941; attended Officers Candidate School, Fort Benning, Ga., and commissioned a second lieutenant of Infantry; served with the Sixtieth Infantry, Ninth Division, participating in eight major campaigns; discharged as a captain in February 1946; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-first and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1949, until his resignation June 30, 1962; elected mayor of Newark, N.J., in 1962 and reelected in 1966, serving until July 1, 1970; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1970; resided in Tinton Falls, N.J., until his death in Red Bank, N.J., February 2, 1981; interment in Gate of Heaven Cemetery, Hanover, N.J.

ADERHOLT, Robert, a Representative from Alabama; born in Haleyville, Marion County, Ala., July 22, 1965; B.A. Birmingham Southern College, Birmingham, Ala., 1987; J.D., Samford University, Birmingham, Ala., 1990; lawyer, private practice; Haleyville, Ala., municipal judge, 19921995; staff for Governor Fob James of Alabama, 1995-1996; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Fifth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1997-present).

ADGATE, Asa, a Representative from New York; born in Canaan, N.Y., November 17, 1767; in 1793 moved to what became known as Adgates Falls, on the Ausable River, then in the township of Peru, Clinton County, N.Y. (now Ausable Chasm, Chesterfield Township, Essex County, N.Y.), where he engaged in the manufacture of iron and agricultural pursuits; upon the organization of the town of Peru in 1793 was elected town clerk and reelected in 1794; supervisor in 1795; assessor in 1796 and 1797; commissioner of schools in 1798; member of the State general assembly from Clinton County in 1798; lieutenant of Infantry, Clinton County, New York Militia, in 1798 and 1799; named by Gov. John Jay, of New York, March 9, 1799, in the first commission of the peace for Essex County, as one of the judges of the court of common pleas and served for several years; elected as a Republican to the Fourteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Benjamin Pond and served from June 7, 1815, to March 3, 1817; was not a candidate for renomination in 1816; resumed his former occupations; again a member of the State general assembly from Essex County, in 1823; died at Ausable Chasm, Chesterfield Township, Essex County, N.Y., February 15, 1832; interment in Ausable Chasm Cemetery, Ausable Township, Clinton County, N.Y.

ADKINS, Charles, a Representative from Illinois; born on a farm in Pickaway County, Ohio, near Mount Sterling, February 7, 1863; attended the common schools; taught school for several years; moved to Illinois in 1885 and settled on a farm in Piatt County near Bement; engaged in agricultural pursuits; president of the Piatt County (Ill.) Farmers’ Institute; member of the board of education of Bement, Ill., 1900-1920; member of the board of supervisors of Piatt County 1902-1906; member of the State house of representatives 1907-1913, serving as speaker 1911-1913; president of the Illinois Livestock Breeders’ Association in 1914 and 1915; appointed State director of agriculture during the administration of Gov. Frank M. Lowden and served from 1916 to 1920; moved to Decatur, Macon County, Ill., in 1918; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1925-March 3, 1933); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932 to the Seventythird Congress; resided in Decatur, Ill., until his death there on March 31, 1941; interment in Bement Cemetery, Bement, Ill.

ADRAIN, Garnett Bowditch, a Representative from New Jersey; born in New York City December 15, 1815; moved with his parents to New Brunswick, N.J.; attended the public schools; was graduated from Rutgers College, New Brunswick, in 1833; studied law in the office of his brother; was licensed as an attorney in 1836 and as a counselor in 1839; commenced the practice of law in New Brunswick, N.J.; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress and as an Anti-Lecompton Democrat to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1861); chairman, Committee on Engraving (Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses); was not a candidate for reelection in 1860; resumed the practice of his profession; died in New Brunswick, Middlesex County, N.J., August 17, 1878; interment in Van Liew Cemetery.

AGNEW, Spiro Theodore, Vice President of the United States; born in Baltimore, Md., November 9, 1918; educated in the public schools of Baltimore; attended the Johns Hopkins University; graduated from the University of Baltimore Law School 1947; served in the United States Army during the Second World War and the Korean conflict; practiced law in Baltimore; elected county executive of Baltimore County 1962; elected Governor of Maryland 1966; elected Vice President of the United States on the Republican ticket with President Richard M. Nixon on November 5, 1968; resigned as Governor of Maryland on January 7, 1969; inaugurated 39th Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1969; reelected Vice President, November 7, 1972; charged with accepting bribes and falsifying federal tax returns, pleaded nolo contendere to the latter charge in federal court, and resigned October 10, 1973; international trade executive; was a resident of Rancho Mirage, Calif., and Ocean City, Md.; died September 17, 1996, in Ocean City; cremated, ashes interred at Dulaney Valley Memorial Gardens, Timonium, Md.

AHL, John Alexander, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Strasburg, Franklin County, Pa., August 16, 1813; moved with his parents to Newville, Cumberland County, Pa., in 1825; attended the public schools; taught school for several terms; studied medicine and was graduated from the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., in 1832; practiced his profession at Centerville, Pa., until 1856; moved to Newville, Pa., in 1856 and engaged in the real estate business; also operated a paper mill; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Cincinnati in 1856; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1858; resumed the manufacture of paper and operated an iron furnace at Antietam, Md.; served as surgeon in the State militia; projector and major builder of the Harrisburg & Potomac Railroad; died in Newville, Pa., April 25, 1882; interment in Big Spring Presbyterian Cemetery.

AIKEN, David Wyatt (father of Wyatt Aiken and cousin of William Aiken), a Representative from South Carolina; born in Winnsboro, Fairfield County, S.C., March 17, 1828; received his early education under private tutors; attended Mount Zion Institute, Winnsboro, and was graduated from South Carolina University, at Columbia, in 1849; taught school two years; engaged in agricultural pursuits in 1852; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as a private; appointed adjutant and later elected colonel of the Seventh Regiment of Volunteers; relieved from service by reason of wounds received on September 17, 1862, at Antietam; member of the State house of representatives 1864-1866; secretary and treasurer, Agricultural and Mechanical Society of South Carolina, 1869; member, executive committee, National Grange, 1873-1885, and served as chairman, 1875; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis in 1876; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fifth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1887); chairman, Committee on Education (Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1886, being an invalid throughout his last term; died in Cokesbury, S.C., April 6, 1887; interment in Magnolia Cemetery, Greenwood, S.C. Bibliography: Pritchard, Claudius Hornby, Jr. Colonel D. Wyatt Aiken, 1828-1887, South Carolina’s Militant Agrarian. Hampden-Sydney, Va.: Privately printed, 1970.

AIKEN, George David, a Senator from Vermont; born in Dummerston, Windham County, Vt., August 20, 1892; moved with his parents to Putney, Vt., in 1893; attended the public schools of Putney and Brattleboro, Vt.; engaged in fruit farming in 1912; also conducted an extensive nursery business, and in 1926 engaged in the commercial cultivation of wildflowers; served as school director of Putney 19201937; member of the State house of representatives 19311935 and served as speaker 1933-1935; lieutenant governor of Vermont 1935-1937 and Governor 1937-1941; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate, November 5, 1940, to fill the vacancy in the term ending January 3, 1945, caused by the death of Ernest W. Gibson, but did not assume office until January 10, 1941; reelected in 1944, 1950, 1956, 1962, and 1968, and served from January 10, 1941, to January 3, 1975; was not a candidate for reelection in 1974; chairman, Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments (Eightieth Congress), Committee on Agriculture and Forestry (Eighty-third Congress); died in Putney, Vt., November 19, 1984; interment in West Hill Cemetery, Putney, Vt. Bibliography: American National Biography; Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives; Aiken, George D. Aiken: Senate Diary, January 1972-January 1975. Brattleboro, Vt.: Stephen Greene Press, 1976; Sherman, Michael, ed. The Political Legacy of George D. Aiken: Wise Old Owl of the U.S. Senate. Woodstock, VT: Countryman Press, 1995.

AIKEN, William (cousin of David Wyatt Aiken), a Representative from South Carolina; born in Charleston, S.C., January 28, 1806; attended private schools; was graduated from the College of South Carolina (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1825; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives 1838-1842; served in the State senate 1842-1844; Governor of South Carolina 1844-1846; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Thirty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1857); was an unsuccessful candidate for Speaker of the House of Representatives after 133 ballots in the Thirty-fourth Congress; was not a candidate for renomination in 1856; presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Thirty-ninth Congress February 12, 1867, but was not permitted to qualify; resumed his former pursuits near Charleston, S.C.; died at Flat Rock, Henderson County, N.C., September 6, 1887; interment in Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, S.C.

AIKEN, Wyatt (son of David Wyatt Aiken), a Representative from South Carolina; born near Macon, Ga., December 14, 1863; reared in Cokesbury, Abbeville (now Greenwood) County, S.C.; attended the public schools of Cokesbury and of Washington, D.C.; official court reporter for the second South Carolina judicial circuit and, later, for the eighth circuit; volunteered as a private in Company A, First South Carolina Regiment of Infantry, during the war with Spain; later appointed battalion adjutant by Governor Ellerbe, and acted as regimental quartermaster during the greater portion of his service; was mustered out in Columbia, S.C., November 10, 1898; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftyeighth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1903March 3, 1917); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1916 and again in 1918; lived in retirement until his death in Abbeville, S.C., February 6, 1923; interment in Melrose Cemetery.

AINEY, William David Blakeslee, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in New Milford, Pa., April 8, 1864; attended the public schools, the State Normal School at Mansfield, and Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., in 1887; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1887 and commenced practice in Montrose, Pa.; district attorney for Susquehanna County 1890-1896; organized Company G of the Pennsylvania National Guard and served as captain 18891894; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-second Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of George W. Kipp; reelected to the Sixty-third Congress and served from November 7, 1911, to March 3, 1915; was not a candidate for reelection in 1914 to the Sixty-fourth Congress; delegate to the International Parliamentary Union for International Peace held at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1912, and at The Hague in 1913; secretary and president of the JapaneseAmerican group of interparliamentarians and delegate in 1914 to Tokyo, Japan, and to Stockholm, Sweden; resumed the practice of law in Montrose, Pa.; appointed a member of the Public Service Commission of Pennsylvania May 20, 1915, and on August 20, 1915, was elected chairman; reappointed for a ten-year term as member and chairman on July 1, 1917, and again on July 1, 1927; appointed chairman of the Pennsylvania Fuel Commission in August 1922; president of the National Association of Railroad and Utilities Commissioners in 1924; died in Harrisburg, Pa., September 4, 1932; interment in Montrose Cemetery, Montrose, Pa.

AINSLIE, George, a Delegate from the Territory of Idaho; born near Boonville, Cooper County, Mo., October 30, 1838; attended the common schools, and St. Louis (Mo.) University in 1856 and 1857; was graduated from the Jesuit College at St. Louis; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1860 and commenced practice in Boonville, Mo.; moved to Colorado the same year, and in 1862 moved to that portion of the Territory of Washington that later became the Territory of Idaho; engaged in mining and also practiced law; member of the Idaho Territorial house of representatives in 1865 and 1866; edited the Idaho World from 1869 to 1873; district attorney of the second district in 1874 and 1876; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth and Fortyseventh Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1883); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1882 to the Forty-eighth Congress; built the first electric street railway in Boise City, Idaho; settled in Oakland, Calif., and retired from active business pursuits; died in Oakland, Calif., May 19, 1913; the remains were cremated and the ashes deposited in the columbarium, Odd Fellows Cemetery, San Francisco, Calif.

AINSWORTH, Lucien Lester, a Representative from Iowa; born in New Woodstock, Madison County, N.Y., June 21, 1831; attended the public schools, and the Oneida Conference Seminary, Cazenovia, N.Y.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Madison County, N.Y., in 1854; moved to Belvidere, Ill., and commenced practice the same year; moved to Iowa in 1855 and continued the practice of law in West Union; member of the State senate 1860-1862; during the Civil War entered the Union Army in 1862 as captain of Company C, Sixth Regiment, Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, and served three years against the Indians in the Northwest; after leaving the Army returned to West Union and resumed the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives 1871-1873; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1877); declined to accept a renomination in 1876; resumed the practice of law in West Union, Fayette County, Iowa, and died there April 19, 1902; interment in West Union Cemetery.

AITKEN, David Demerest, a Representative from Michigan; born on a farm in Flint Township, Genesee County, Mich., September 5, 1853; attended the district schools and the local high school in Flint; taught in a district school of Genesee County in 1871 and 1872; moved to New Jersey in 1872 and was employed as a bookkeeper; studied law in New York City; was admitted to the bar in 1878 and commenced practice in Flint, Mich.; city clerk 1883-1886; city attorney 1886-1890; elected as a Republican to the Fiftythird and Fifty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1897); chairman, Committee on Mining (Fifty-fourth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination, being an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Michigan in 1896; resumed the practice of law; also engaged in banking; served as mayor of Flint in 1905 and 1906; died in Flint, Mich., May 26, 1930; interment in Glenwood Cemetery.

AKAKA, Daniel Kahikina, a Representative and a Senator from Hawaii; born in Honolulu, Hawaii, September 11, 1924; attended the public schools of Hawaii; graduated, Kamehameha School for Boys (high school) 1942; University of Hawaii: B.E., education 1952; professional certificate in secondary education 1953; professional school administrator’s certificate 1961; M.E., education 1966; served in United States Army 1945-1947; teacher 1953-1960; vice principal 1960; principal 1963-1971, all in Hawaii; program specialist, Compensatory Education 1968-1971; director, Hawaii Office of Economic Opportunity 1971-1974; special assistant, Hawaii Office of the Governor 1975-1976; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1977, until May 15, 1990, when he resigned; appointed to the United States Senate on April 30, 1990, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Spark Masayuki Matsunaga and began his term May 16, 1990; elected by special election on November 6, 1990, as a Democrat to complete the term ending January 3, 1995; reelected in 1994 and again in 2000 for the term ending January 3, 2007.

AKERS, Thomas Peter, a Representative from Missouri; born in Knox County, Ohio, October 4, 1828; attended school in Cleveland, Ohio; was graduated from an Ohio college; studied law; was admitted to the bar; taught school for a time in Kentucky; moved to Lexington, Mo., in 1853; professor of mathematics and moral philosophy in Masonic College, Lexington, Mo., in 1855 and 1856; pastor of the local Methodist Church; elected as a candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John G. Miller and served from August 18, 1856, to March 3, 1857; was not a candidate for reelection to the Thirty-fifth Congress; moved to New York City in 1861 and became vice president of the gold board; owing to ill health moved to Utah, and shortly thereafter returned to Lexington, Lafayette County, Mo., where he died on April 3, 1877; interment in Machpelah Cemetery.

AKIN, Theron, a Representative from New York; born in Johnstown, Fulton County, N.Y., May 23, 1855; attended the common schools of Amsterdam, N.Y., and also was privately tutored at home; engaged in agricultural pursuits; was graduated from the New York Dental College and practiced for twelve years in Amsterdam, N.Y.; moved to Akin (later Fort Johnson), N.Y., and engaged in agricultural pursuits in Montgomery County; served as president of the village of Fort Johnson, N.Y.; elected as a Progressive Republican to the Sixty-second Congress (March 4, 1911-March 3, 1913); unsuccessful candidate for renomination on the Progressive ticket in 1912; resumed agricultural pursuits; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Sixty-fourth Congress on the Progressive ticket in 1914; mayor of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, N.Y., 1920-1923; resumed his former pursuits; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican and Democratic mayoralty nomination in 1927; died in Amsterdam, N.Y., March 26, 1933; interment in Pine Grove Cemetery, Tribes Hill, Montgomery County, N.Y.

AKIN, W. Todd, a Representative from Missouri; born in New York, N.Y., July 5, 1947; B.S., Worchester Polytechnic Institute, Worchester, Mass., 1971; M.Div., Covenant Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., 1984; United States Army, 19711980; member of the Missouri state house of representatives, 1988-2001; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Seventh and to the succeeding Congress (January 3, 2001present).

ALBAUGH, Walter Hugh, a Representative from Ohio; born in Phoneton, Miami County, Ohio, January 2, 1890; attended the public and high schools of his native city; was graduated from the law department of Ohio State University at Columbus in 1914; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Troy, Ohio; during the First World War served in the United States Infantry as a private unassigned, from May 28, 1918, to December 13, 1918; member of the State house of representatives 1921-1925; also engaged as a civil engineer, surveying fuel lands in Ohio and West Virginia 1910-1911; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank L. Kloeb and served from November 8, 1938, until January 3, 1939; was not a candidate for nomination in 1938 to the full term; resumed the practice of law in Troy, Ohio, and died there January 21, 1942; interment in Memorial Park Cemetery, Dayton, Ohio.

ALBERT, Carl Bert (cousin of Charles Wesley Vursell), a Representative from Oklahoma; born in North McAlester, Pittsburg County, Okla., May 10, 1908; graduated from McAlester High School, McAlester, Okla., 1927; graduated from the University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla., 1931, and (having been awarded a Rhodes Scholarship) from Oxford University, Oxford, England, 1934; lawyer, private practice; United States Army, 1941-1946; awarded the Bronze Star; delegate, Democratic National Conventions, 1952, 1956, 1964, and 1968; elected as a Democrat to the Eightieth and to the fourteen succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1947January 3, 1977); majority whip (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-seventh Congresses), majority leader (Eighty-seventh through Ninety-first Congresses), Speaker of the House of Representatives (Ninety-second through Ninety-fourth Congresses); was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninetyfifth Congress in 1976; died on February 4, 2000, in McAlester, Okla. Bibliography: Albert, Carl, and Danney Goble. Little Giant: The Life and Times of Speaker Carl Albert. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990.

ALBERT, William Julian, a Representative from Maryland; born in Baltimore, Md., August 4, 1816; was graduated from Mount St. Mary’s College, near Emmittsburg, Md., in 1833; engaged in the hardware business until 1855 and, later, in banking; was a prominent Union leader in Maryland and worked to prevent the secession of the State; one of the founders and directors of the First National Bank of Maryland; director of several insurance companies, savings banks, and manufacturing companies; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1866 to the Fortieth Congress and in 1868 to the Forty-first Congress; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); was not a candidate for reelection to the Forty-fourth Congress in 1874; resumed his former business pursuits; died in Baltimore, Md., March 29, 1879; interment in Greenmount Cemetery.

ALBERTSON, Nathaniel, a Representative from Indiana; born in Fairfax, Fairfax County, Va., June 10, 1800; moved to Salem, Washington County, Ind., and engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives 1838-1840; moved to Floyd County in 1835 and settled in Greenville, near New Albany, and resumed agricultural pursuits; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1850 to the Thirty-second Congress; resumed agricultural pursuits; moved to Keokuk, Iowa, in 1853 and engaged in mercantile pursuits; moved to Boonville, Mo., in 1856 and continued mercantile pursuits; settled in Central City, Gilpin County, Colo., in 1860 and engaged in the hotel business; also became interested in mining; died in Central City, Colo., December 16, 1863; interment in Central City Graveyard.

ALBOSTA, Donald Joseph, a Representative from Michigan; born in Saginaw, Saginaw County, Mich., December 5, 1925; attended Saginaw and Chesaning public schools; graduated Chesaning Agricultural School; attended Delta College, Saginaw, Mich.; served in the United States Navy; farmer; owner and developer of Misteguay Creek Farms; Albee Township Trustee; associate director, Saginaw County Soil Conservation District; Saginaw County Commissioner, 1970-1974; served in the Michigan house of representatives, 1974-1976; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-sixth and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1979-January 3, 1985); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninetyninth Congress; is a resident of St. Charles, Mich.

ALBRIGHT, Charles, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Bucks County, Pa., December 13, 1830; attended Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Mauch Chunk, Pa.; moved to the Territory of Kansas in 1854 and participated in its early development; returned to Pennsylvania and resumed the practice of law in Mauch Chunk in 1856; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860 and 1872; during the Civil War served in the Union Army and was promoted through the ranks to colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; honorably mustered out May 24, 1865; recommissioned colonel of the Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Militia July 3, 1863, and honorably mustered out August 10, 1863; recommissioned colonel of the Two Hundred and Second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, September 4, 1864; honorably mustered out August 3, 1865; resumed the practice of law in Mauch Chunk, Pa.; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873March 3, 1875); was not a candidate for reelection in 1874; resumed the practice of law and also engaged in manufacturing in Mauch Chunk, Pa., until his death there September 28, 1880; interment in Mauch Chunk Cemetery.

ALBRIGHT, Charles Jefferson, a Representative from Ohio; born in Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa., May 9, 1816; moved with his parents in 1824 to Allegheny County, Pa.; received a limited schooling; was employed in a harness shop and as a clerk in a rural store; apprenticed as a printer; moved to Guernsey County, Ohio, in 1832 and settled on a farm near Cambridge; owner and publisher of the Guernsey Times 1840-1845 and 1848-1855; served as secretary of the Guernsey County Board of School Examiners 1841-1844; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress; served as vice president at the Republican State convention in 1855; delegate to the first and second Republican National Conventions in 1856 and in 1860; during the Civil War served as chairman of the Guernsey County Military Committee; internal revenue collector for the sixteenth Ohio district, by appointment of President Lincoln, 1862-1869; delegate to the third State constitutional convention in 1873; member of the State board of charities in 1875; president of the board of school examiners of the Cambridge Union School 1881-1883; died in Cambridge, Ohio, October 21, 1883; interment in South Cemetery.

ALCORN, James Lusk, a Senator from Mississippi; born near Golconda, Ill., November 4, 1816; attended the public schools of Livingston County, Ky., and was graduated from Cumberland College, Ky.; deputy sheriff of Livingston County 1839-1844; member of the Kentucky house of representatives in 1843; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1844 and commenced practice in Delta, Panola County, Miss.; member of the Mississippi house of representatives 1846, 1856, and 1857; served in the State senate 1848-1854; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1856; declined the nomination for Governor of Mississippi in 1857; founder of the Mississippi levee system and was made president of the levee board of the Mississippi-Yazoo Delta in 1858; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War as a brigadier general; presented credentials as a United States Senator-elect in 1865 but was not permitted to take his seat; elected Governor of Mississippi in 1869 and served from March 1870, until his resignation on November 30, 1871, having previously been elected Senator; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate on January 18, 1870, for the term beginning March 4, 1871, but did not assume these duties until December 1, 1871, preferring to continue as Governor; served as Senator from December 1, 1871, to March 3, 1877; unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1873; resumed the practice of law in Friar Point; died at his plantation home, ‘‘Eagles Nest,’’ in Coahoma County, Miss., December 19, 1894; interment in the family cemetery on his estate. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Pereyra, Lillian A. James Lusk Alcorn: Persistent Whig. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966.

ALDERSON, John Duffy, a Representative from West Virginia; born at Nicholas Court House (now Summersville), W.Va., November 29, 1854; attended the common schools; sergeant at arms of the State senate 1871-1873; doorkeeper in 1872 and 1873; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1876 and commenced practice at Nicholas Court House; appointed prosecuting attorney for the counties of Nicholas and Webster in 1876; elected prosecuting attorney for these counties, reelected in 1880 and 1884, and served until January 1, 1889; clerk of the State senate 1883-1887; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first, Fifty-second, and Fiftythird Congresses (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1895); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Nicholas, W.Va.; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1900 and 1908; died in Richwood, Nicholas County, W.Va., December 5, 1910; interment in a private burial ground at Summersville, W.Va.

ALDRICH, Cyrus, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Smithfield, R.I., June 18, 1808; attended the common schools; followed the occupations of sailor, boatman, farmer, contractor on public works, and mail contractor; moved to Illinois and settled in Alton in 1837; member of the State house of representatives 1845-1847; register of deeds of Jo Daviess County 1847-1849; receiver of the United States land office at Dixon, Ill., 1849-1853; moved to Minneapolis, Minn., in 1855 and engaged in the lumber business; member of the State constitutional convention in 1857; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirtyseventh Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1863); chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Thirty-seventh Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1862; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1863 to the United States Senate; member of the State house of representatives in 1865; elected chairman of the board of supervisors of the town of Minneapolis in 1865; appointed by President Lincoln in 1863 one of the commissioners to examine claims for indemnity of those who had suffered from the Sioux War of 1862; postmaster of Minneapolis, Minn., from September 11, 1867, until April 15, 1871, when a successor was appointed; died in Minneapolis, Minn., October 5, 1871; interment in Lakewood Cemetery.

ALDRICH, James Franklin (son of William Aldrich), a Representative from Illinois; born at Two Rivers, Manitowoc County, Wis., April 6, 1853; moved with his parents to Chicago, Ill., in April 1861; attended the public schools and Chicago University; was graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y., in 1877; engaged in the manufacture of linseed oil and later engaged in the gas business; member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners 1886-1888, serving as president in 1887; member of the county board of education in 1887; commissioner of public works of Chicago from May 1, 1891, to January 1, 1893; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1897); chairman, Committee on Accounts (Fifty-fourth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1896; appointed consul general at Havana, Cuba, in 1897, but did not reach his post to serve owing to the sinking of the battleship Maine and to the war with Spain which followed; receiver of national banks, and railroad appraiser, from 1898 until 1923; died in Chicago, Ill., March 8, 1933; interment in Rosehill Cemetery.

ALDRICH, Nelson Wilmarth (father of Richard Steere Aldrich, cousin of William Aldrich, grandfather of Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller, and great-grandfather of John Davison Rockefeller), a Representative and a Senator from Rhode Island; born in Foster, R.I., November 6, 1841; attended the public schools of East Killingly, Conn., and the Academy of East Greenwich, R.I.; entered the wholesale grocery business in Providence; during the Civil War enlisted as a private in Company D, First Regiment, Rhode Island National Guard, in 1862; member of the city council 1869-1874, serving as president in 1872 and 1873; member of the State house of representatives in 1875 and 1876, elected speaker in 1876; elected as a Republican to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses and served from March 4, 1879, to October 4, 1881, when he resigned to become Senator; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Ambrose E. Burnside; reelected in 1886, 1892, 1898, and 1904, and served from October 5, 1881, to March 3, 1911; was not a candidate for reelection in 1911; chairman, Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Rules (Fiftieth through Fiftysecond, Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses), Select Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia (Fifty-third Congress), Committee on Finance (Fifty-fifth through Sixty-first Congresses); chairman, National Monetary Commission (1908-1912); retired to Providence, R.I.; died in New York City, April 16, 1915; interment in Swan Point Cemetery, Providence, R.I. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Stephenson, Nathaniel W. Nelson W. Aldrich: A Leader In American Politics. 1930. Reprint. New York: Kennikat Press, 1971; Sternstein, Jerome L. ‘‘Corruption in the Gilded Age Senate: Nelson W. Aldrich and the Sugar Trust.’’ Capitol Studies 6 (Spring 1978): 13-37.

ALDRICH, Richard Steere (son of Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich), a Representative from Rhode Island; born in Washington, D.C., February 29, 1884; attended the public schools in Providence, R.I.; was graduated from Hope Street High School at Providence in 1902, from Yale University in 1906, and from the law department of Harvard University in 1909; was admitted to the bar in 1911 and commenced the practice of law in New York City; returned to Providence, R.I., in 1913 and continued the practice of his profession; member of the Rhode Island house of representatives 1914-1916; served in the State senate 1916-1918; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1923-March 3, 1933); was not a candidate for renomination in 1932; resumed legal pursuits in Providence, R.I., until his death there on December 25, 1941; interment in Swan Point Cemetery.

ALDRICH, Truman Heminway (brother of William Farrington Aldrich), a Representative from Alabama; born in Palmyra, Wayne County, N.Y., October 17, 1848; attended the public schools, the military academy at West Chester, Pa., and was graduated from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y., in 1869; engaged in engineering in New York and New Jersey; moved to Selma, Ala., in 1871; engaged in banking and in the mining of coal, becoming vice president and general manager of the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co., in 1892; founder of the Cahaba Coal Mining Co.; successfully contested as a Republican the election of Oscar W. Underwood to the Fifty-fourth Congress and served from June 9, 1896, to March 3, 1897; was not a candidate for renomination in 1896; served as postmaster at Birmingham, Ala., by appointment of President Taft, from September 1, 1911, to December 15, 1915; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1904; served as a dollar-per-year man on the War Industries Board during the First World War; after the war was engaged as a mining engineer and geologist; died in Birmingham, Ala., April 28, 1932; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

ALDRICH, William (father of James Franklin Aldrich and cousin of Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich), a Representative from Illinois; born in Greenfield Center, Saratoga County, N.Y., January 19, 1820; attended the common schools and the local academy; taught school until twenty-six years of age; moved to Jackson, Mich., in 1846 and engaged in mercantile pursuits; moved to Wisconsin and settled in Two Rivers, Manitowoc County, in 1851; continued mercantile pursuits and also engaged in the manufacture of lumber, woodenware, and furniture; superintendent of schools 1855 and 1856; chairman of the county board of supervisors 1857 and 1858; member of the State house of representatives in 1859; moved to Chicago, Ill., in 1861 and engaged in the wholesale grocery business; member of the Chicago City Council in 1876, serving as chairman; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1883); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1882; resumed his former business pursuits in Chicago and was also interested in the milling business at Fond du Lac, Wis., where he died, while on a business trip, December 3, 1885; interment in Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago, Ill.

ALDRICH, William Farrington (brother of Truman Heminway Aldrich and great, great grandfather of William J. Edwards), a Representative from Alabama; born in Palmyra, Wayne County, N.Y., March 11, 1853; attended the public schools of his native city; moved with his father to New York City in 1865; attended several schools, and was graduated from Warren’s Military Academy in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., in 1873; moved to Alabama in 1874; engaged in mining and manufacturing; built up the town that bears his name; successfully contested as a Republican the election of Gaston A. Robbins to the Fifty-fourth Congress and served from March 13, 1896, to March 3, 1897; successfully contested the election of Thomas S. Plowman to the Fifty-fifth Congress and served from February 9, 1898, to March 3, 1899; again successfully contested the election of Gaston A. Robbins to the Fifty-sixth Congress and served from March 8, 1900, to March 3, 1901; declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1900; editor, owner, and publisher of the Birmingham (Ala.) Times; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1904; engaged in the development of mineral lands until his death in Birmingham, Ala., October 30, 1925; the remains were cremated and deposited in the family vault in Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington, D.C.

ALESHIRE, Arthur William, a Representative from Ohio; born near Luray, Page County, Va., February 15, 1900; attended the rural schools; moved to Clark County, Ohio, in 1912 with his parents, who settled on a farm near Springfield; employed by a railway express company in 1921 and 1922; engaged in dairy farming near Springfield, Ohio, in 1922 and 1923; due to an accident in 1923 lost the use of his legs and in a wheelchair operated a filling station and grocery store until elected to Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth Congress (January 3, 1937January 3, 1939); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress; resumed his former business pursuits near Springfield, Ohio; died in Springfield, Ohio, March 11, 1940; interment in Ferncliff Cemetery.

ALEXANDER, Adam Rankin, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Rockbridge County, Va., November 1, 1781; surveyor; member of the Tennessee state senate, 1817; register of the land office for the tenth surveyors’ district, Madison County, Tenn.; member of the court of Madison County, Tenn., 1821; elected as a Jacksonian Republican to the Eighteenth and to the succeeding Congress (March 4, 1823-March 3, 1827); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twentieth Congress in 1828; represented Shelby County, Tenn., at the Tennessee state abolitionist convention, 1834; member of the Tennessee state house of representatives, 1841 and 1843; died on November 1, 1848, in Jackson, Madison County, Tenn.; interment in Pryor Cemetery, Marshall County, Miss.

ALEXANDER, Armstead Milton, a Representative from Missouri; born near Winchester, Clark County, Ky., May 26, 1834; moved to Monroe County, Mo., with his parents, who settled near Paris; attended the common schools; worked at the blacksmith trade in 1848; engaged in gold mining in California in 1849; was graduated from Bethany College, Bethany, Va. (now West Virginia), in 1853; moved to Paris, Mo., and became engaged in business; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1870 and commenced practice at Paris, Mo., but did not sign the record there until 1881; prosecuting attorney of Monroe County 1872-1876; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1875; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1883March 3, 1885); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1884; resumed the practice of law; died in Paris, Mo., November 7, 1892; interment in Walnut Grove Cemetery.

ALEXANDER, De Alva Stanwood, a Representative from New York; born in Richmond, Sagadahoc County, Maine, July 17, 1846; attended the common schools; moved with his mother to Ohio in 1859; at the age of fifteen enlisted in the Union Army as a private in the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served from 1862 until the close of the Civil War, when he entered the Edward Little Institute, Auburn, Maine, to prepare for college; was graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1870 and served many years as a member and president of its board of overseers; moved to Fort Wayne, Ind., in 1870; one of the editors and proprietors of the Daily Gazette 1871-1874; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1872; moved to Indianapolis, Ind., in 1874 and became a staff correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette; secretary of the Indiana Republican State committee 1874-1878; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1877 and commenced practice in Indianapolis, Ind.; appointed Fifth Auditor of the Treasury Department in 1881 and served until 1885; commander of the Department of the Potomac, Grand Army of the Republic, for one term; moved to Buffalo, N.Y., in 1885; appointed United States attorney for the northern district of New York in May 1889 and served until his resignation in December 1893; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fifth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1897-March 3, 1911); chairman, Committee on Rivers and Harbors (Sixty-first Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1910 to the Sixty-second Congress; resumed the practice of law; died in Buffalo, N.Y., January 30, 1925; interment in Forest Lawn Cemetery. Bibliography: Alexander, De Alva Stanwood. History and Procedure of the House of Representatives. 1916. Reprint, New York: Burt Franklin, 1970.

ALEXANDER, Evan Shelby (cousin of Nathaniel Alexander), a Representative from North Carolina; born in Mecklenburg County, N.C., about 1767; attended the common schools; was graduated from Princeton College in 1787; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Salisbury, Rowan County, N.C.; member of the State house of commons 1796-1803; trustee of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1799-1809; elected as a Republican to the Ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Nathaniel Alexander; reelected to the Tenth Congress and served from February 24, 1806, to March 3, 1809; died October 28, 1809.

ALEXANDER, Henry Porteous, a Representative from New York; born in Little Falls, Herkimer County, N.Y., September 13, 1801; attended the public schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits in Little Falls; also engaged in banking; president of the village of Little Falls in 1834 and 1835; became president of the Herkimer County Bank at Little Falls in 1839 and served until his death; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1846 to the Thirtieth Congress; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1850 to the Thirty-second Congress; resumed his former business pursuits; died in Little Falls, N.Y., February 22, 1867; interment in Church Street Cemetery.

ALEXANDER, Hugh Quincy, a Representative from North Carolina; born on a farm near Glendon, Moore County, N.C., August 7, 1911; attended the public schools; graduated from Duke University, Durham, N.C., in 1932, and from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., in 1937; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1937 and began practice in Kannapolis, N.C.; during the Second World War served in the United States Navy 1942-1946 and had thirty-four months overseas duty; member of North Carolina house of representatives in 1947 and 1949; solicitor, Cabarrus County Recorders Court, 1950-1952; State commander, American Legion, 1951; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953-January 3, 1963); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Eighty-eighth Congress; chief counsel of the Senate Rules and Administration Committee 1963-1976; resumed the practice of law; was a resident of Kannapolis, N.C., until his death there on September 17, 1989.

ALEXANDER, James, Jr., a Representative from Ohio; born near Delta, York County, Pa., October 17, 1789; moved to the Northwest Territory in 1799 with his father, who settled in what is now St. Clairsville, Belmont County, Ohio; engaged in agricultural pursuits, in river transportation on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, and, later, in mercantile pursuits in St. Clairsville; member of the State house of representatives in 1830 and again in 1833 and 1834; served as associate judge of the court of common pleas in 1831; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1839); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1838 to the Twenty-sixth Congress; returned to St. Clairsville, Ohio, and resumed his former business pursuits; purchased a large tract of property in Wheeling, Va. (now West Virginia), in 1843 and moved to that city, living in retirement until his death; was an extensive owner of farming land in the State of Illinois; died, while visiting his son, in McNabb, Putnam County, Ill., September 5, 1846; interment in Scotch Ridge Cemetery, eight miles north of St. Clairsville, Ohio.

ALEXANDER, John, a Representative from Ohio; born at Crowsville, in the Spartanburg District, S.C., April 16, 1777; attended the public schools; moved to Butler County, Ohio, and thence to Miamisburg, Montgomery County, in 1803; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in 1804; moved to Xenia, Greene County, Ohio, in 1805 and continued his profession there, also practicing in Columbus, Chillicothe, and before the Supreme Court of the United States at Washington, D.C.; appointed prosecuting attorney in 1808 and held that office until 1833, except during the time he was a Member of Congress; elected as a Republican to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Congresses (March 4, 1813-March 3, 1817); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1816 to the Fifteenth Congress; resumed the practice of law at Xenia; member of the State senate in 1822 and 1823; served in the State house of representatives two terms; retired from the practice of his profession in 1834; died at Xenia, Ohio, June 28, 1848; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery.

ALEXANDER, John Grant, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Texas Valley, Cortland County, N.Y., July 16, 1893; attended the public schools; was graduated from the law department of Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., in 1916; was admitted to the New York bar the same year; moved to Redwood Falls, Minn., in 1916; was admitted to the Minnesota bar in 1917 and commenced practice in Lynd, Minn.; engaged in the banking business 1917-1923; during the First World War served as a private in the Three Hundred and Eighty-sixth Ambulance Company in 1918; engaged in the insurance business and in real estate management in Minneapolis, Minn., in 1924; member of the Minnesota National Guard 1927-1937; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth Congress (January 3, 1939-January 3, 1941); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1940; unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1942; resumed the business of real estate management and insurance; resided in Minneapolis, Minn., where he died December 8, 1971; interment in Lakewood Cemetery.

ALEXANDER, Joshua Willis, a Representative from Missouri; born in Cincinnati, Ohio, January 22, 1852; attended public and private schools; graduated from Christian University (now Culver-Stockton College), Canton, Mo., 1872; lawyer, private practice; public administrator of Daviess County, Mo., 1877-1881; secretary and then president of the board of education of Gallatin, Mo., 1882-1901; member of the Missouri state house of representatives, 18831887, speaker, 1887; mayor of Gallatin, Mo., 1891-1892; hospital executive; judge of the seventh judicial circuit of Missouri, 1901-1907; elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1907-December 15, 1919); chair, Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Sixty-second through Sixty-fifth Congresses); chair, United States Commission to the International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea, 1913-1914; Secretary of Commerce in the Cabinet of President Wilson, 1919-1921; delegate at large to the Missouri state constitutional convention in 1922; died on February 27, 1936, in Gallatin, Mo.; interment in Brown Cemetery, Mo. Bibliography: Sponaugle, Gail Ann Kohlenberg. ‘‘The Congressional Career of Joshua W. Alexander.’’ Master’s thesis, Northeast Missouri State University, 1979.

ALEXANDER, Lamar, a Senator from Tennessee; born in Maryville, Tennessee, on July 3, 1940; B.A., Vanderbilt University 1962; J.D., New York University Law School 1965; governor of Tennessee 1979-1987; U.S. secretary of education 1991-1993; elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2002 for the term ending January 3, 2009.

ALEXANDER, Mark, a Representative from Virginia; born on a plantation near Boydton, Mecklenburg County, Va., February 7, 1792; attended the public schools; was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in 1811; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law in Boydton, Va.; member of the State house of delegates 1815-1819; elected to the Sixteenth through Twentieth Congresses; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Congresses (March 4, 1819-March 3, 1833); chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1832; delegate to the State constitutional convention of 1829-1830; again a member of the State house of delegates, 1845-1846; retired from political life and engaged in the management of his large estate; died in Scotland Neck, Halifax County, N.C., October 7, 1883; interment in the cemetery of the old Episcopal Church.

ALEXANDER, Nathaniel (cousin of Evan Shelby Alexander), a Representative from North Carolina; born near Concord, Mecklenburg County, N.C., March 5, 1756; attended the common schools; was graduated from Princeton College in 1776; studied medicine and surgery; served in the Revolutionary War as a surgeon 1778-1782; after independence was established, practiced his profession at the High Hills of Santee in South Carolina; subsequently returned to Charlotte, N.C., and continued practice; member of the State house of commons in 1797; served in the State senate in 1801 and 1802; elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1803, until November 1805, when he resigned to become Governor; Governor of North Carolina 1805-1807; died in Salisbury, Rowan County, N.C., March 7, 1808; interment in Old Cemetery, Charlotte, N.C.

ALEXANDER, Robert, a Delegate from Maryland; born on the family estate in Cecil County (now part of the city of Elkton), Md., around 1740; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; member of the provincial convention of Maryland 1774, 1775, and 1776; secretary of the Baltimore committee of observation and member of the council of safety in 1775; commissioned a first lieutenant in the Baltimore militia June 6, 1776; Member of the Continental Congress in 1776; after the promulgation of the Declaration of Independence he fled from Maryland to the British Fleet, joined the Associated Loyalists of America, and in 1782 sailed for London, England, where he remained; in 1780 he was adjudged guilty of high treason and his property was confiscated; died in London, England, November 20, 1805. Bibliography: Johnson, Janet Bassett. Robert Alexander, Maryland Loyalist. 1942. Reprint, with a new introduction and preface by George Athan Billias, Boston: Gregg Press, 1972.

ALEXANDER, Rodney, a Representative from Louisiana; born in Bienville, Bienville Parish, La., on December 5, 1946; graduated from Jonesboro-Hodge High School, Jonesboro, La.; attended Louisiana Technical College, Ruston, La.; insurance agent; businessman; member of the Louisiana state house of representatives, 1987-2002; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Eighth Congress (January 3, 2003-present); changed from a Democrat to a Republican on August 9, 2004.

ALEXANDER, Sydenham Benoni (cousin of Adlai Ewing Stevenson and John Sharp Williams), a Representative from North Carolina; born at ‘‘Rosedale,’’ near Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, N.C., December 8, 1840; attended preparatory schools at Rocky River and Wadesboro, N.C.; was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1860; during the Civil War enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861 as a private in the First Regiment, North Carolina Volunteer Infantry; elected captain of Company K, Forty-second North Carolina Regiment, in June 1862; detached from his company in 1864 and served as inspector general on the staff of Maj. Gen. Robert F. Hoke; member of the State senate in 1879, 1883, 1885, 1887, and 1901; was instrumental in the establishment of the North Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical College and served as a member of its board of trustees; president of the North Carolina Railroad; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses (March 4, 1891March 3, 1895); was not a candidate for renomination in 1894; retired to his estate, ‘‘Enderly Plantation,’’ in Mecklenburg County, N.C., and engaged in agricultural pursuits; moved to Charlotte, N.C., in 1906 and died there June 14, 1921; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

ALEXANDER, William Vollie (Bill), Jr., a Representative from Arkansas; born in Memphis, Shelby County, Tenn., January 16, 1934; graduated from Osceola High School, Osceloa, Ark., 1951; attended University of Arkansas; B.A., Rhodes College, Memphis, Tenn., 1957; LL.B., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., 1960; United States Army, Adjutant General Corps, 1953-1955; legal research assistant to Federal Judge Marion Boyd, Memphis, Tenn., 1960-1961; associate, firm of Montedonico, Boone, Gilliland, Heiskell &Loch, 1961-1963; partner, firm of Swift &Alexander, Osceola, Ark., 1963; admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court; commissioner, Arkansas Waterways Commission; secretary, Osceola Port Authority; member, American Academy of Political and Social Science; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-first and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1969-January 3, 1993); unsuccessful candidate for renomination to the One Hundred Third Congress in 1992; is a resident of Osceola, Ark.

ALFORD, Julius Caesar, a Representative from Georgia; born in Greensboro, Ga., May 10, 1799; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Lagrange, Ga.; also engaged in planting; member of the State house of representatives; commanded a company in the Creek War of 1836; elected as a State Rights candidate to the Twenty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George W. B. Towns and served from January 2 to March 3, 1837; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1836 to the Twentyfifth Congress; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses and served from March 4, 1839, to October 1, 1841, when he resigned; moved to Tuskegee, Ala., and subsequently settled near Montgomery, Ala.; delegate to the Union convention at Montgomery in 1852; resumed the practice of law; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1855 to the Thirty-fourth Congress; member of the secession convention in 1861; died on his plantation near Montgomery, Ala., January 1, 1863; interment in the family cemetery on his estate near Montgomery.

ALFORD, Thomas Dale, a Representative from Arkansas; born in New Hope, Pike County, Ark., January 28, 1916; attended the public schools of Rector, Ark.; B.S., Arkansas State College, Jonesboro, Ark., (University of Central Arkansas); M.D., University of Arkansas School of Medicine, Little Rock, Ark., 1939; postgraduate training at the University of Illinois, Chicago, Ill.; United States Army Medical Corps, 1940-1946; assistant professor, Emory University College of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., 1947-1948; teaching faculty, University of Arkansas School of Medicine, Little Rock, Ark., 1948-1958; member of the board of education, Little Rock, Ark., 1955-1958; delegate, Democratic National Convention, 1960; elected as an Independent Democrat to the Eightysixth and as a Democrat to the succeeding Congress (January 3, 1959-January 3, 1963); was not a candidate for reelection to the Eighty-eighth Congress in 1962, but was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination; died on January 25, 2000, in Little Rock, Ark.; interment in Mount Holly Cemetery, Little Rock, Ark.

ALGER, Bruce Reynolds, a Representative from Texas; born in Dallas, Tex., June 12, 1918; moved to Webster Groves, Mo., with his parents in 1924, and attended the public schools; graduated from Princeton University in 1940; field representative with RCA Victor Manufacturing Co., 1940 and 1941; enlisted as an aviation cadet in the Army Air Corps in September 1941, served as a B-29 commander in the Pacific Area, and discharged in November 1945; returned to Dallas, Tex., and engaged in the real estate and construction business; elected as a Republican to the Eightyfourth and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1955-January 3, 1965); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1964; resumed real estate pursuits; is a resident of Carrollton, Tex.

ALGER, Russell Alexander, a Senator from Michigan; born in Lafayette Township, Medina County, Ohio, February 27, 1836; worked on a farm; attended Richfield Academy, Summit County, Ohio; taught country school; studied law in Akron, Ohio; admitted to the bar in March 1859; moved to Grand Rapids, Mich., and engaged in the lumber business; moved to Detroit; served in the Union Army during the Civil War 1861-1865; brevetted as a major general, United States Volunteers; resumed the lumber business; elected Governor of Michigan in 1884; declined renomination in 1886; presidential elector on the Republican ticket in 1888; was appointed Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President William McKinley on March 5, 1897, and resigned August 1, 1899; appointed and subsequently elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James McMillan, and served from September 27, 1902, until his death in Washington, D.C., January 24, 1907; chairman, Committee on Coast Defenses (Fifty-ninth Congress), Committee on the Pacific Railroads (Fifty-ninth Congress); interment in Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit, Mich. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Bell, Rodney E. ‘‘A Life of Russell Alexander Alger.’’ Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1975; U.S. Congress. Memorial Addresses for Russell Alexander Alger. 59th Cong., 2nd sess. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1907.

ALLAN, Chilton, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Albemarle County, Va., April 6, 1786; moved with his mother to Winchester, Clark County, Ky., in 1797; attended the common schools, and also received private instructions; served an apprenticeship of three years as a wheelwright, studying law in his leisure time; was admitted to the bar in 1808 and commenced practice in Winchester; member of the State house of representatives in 1811, 1815, 1822, and 1830; member of the State senate 1823-1827; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-second and Twentythird Congresses and reelected as a Whig to the Twentyfourth Congress (March 4, 1831-March 3, 1837); chairman, Committee on Territories (Twenty-third Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1836; appointed president of the State board of internal improvements in 1837 and served until 1839, when he resigned; resumed the practice of law; again a member of the State house of representatives, in 1842; died in Winchester, Ky., September 3, 1858; interment in Winchester Cemetery.

ALLARD, A. Wayne, a Representative and a Senator from Colorado; born in Fort Collins, Colo., December 2, 1943; attended the public schools in Walden and Fort Collins, Colo.; graduated from Colorado State University with a degree in veterinary medicine 1968; practiced veterinary medicine in Loveland, Colo.; member of the Colorado state senate 1982-1990; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Second and to the two succeeding Congresses, and served from January 3, 1991, to January 2, 1997; not a candidate for reelection to the House of Representatives in 1996; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1996 and reelected in 2002 for the term ending January 3, 2009.

ALLEE, James Frank, a Senator from Delaware; born in Dover, Del., December 2, 1857; attended the common schools; learned the trade of jeweler and watchmaker from his father, whom he succeeded in business; chairman of the Republican State committee 1886-1896; member of the State senate from January 3, 1899, to March 2, 1903, when he resigned to become a United States Senator; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate on March 2, 1903, to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1901, caused by the failure of the legislature to elect, and served from March 2, 1903, to March 3, 1907; was not a candidate for reelection in 1907; chairman, Committee on the Organization, Conduct, and Expenditures of the Executive Departments (Fifty-eighth Congress), Committee on Indian Depredations (Fifty-ninth Congress), Committee on Railroads (Fifty-ninth Congress); resumed his former business pursuits, as well as engaging in the fruit and vegetable canning industry; died in Dover, Del., October 12, 1938; interment in Christ Church Cemetery.

ALLEN, Alfred Gaither, a Representative from Ohio; born on a farm near Wilmington, Clinton County, Ohio, July 23, 1867; attended the public schools; was graduated from Wilmington High School in 1886 and from the law school of the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1890; was admitted to the bar in 1890 and commenced practice in Cincinnati, Ohio; United States commissioner 1896-1900; delegate to the Democratic State conventions at Columbus in 1901 and 1908; member of the city council 1906-1908; member of the board of the sinking-fund trustees of Cincinnati 1908-1910; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-second, Sixty-third, and Sixty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1911-March 3, 1917); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1916; resumed the practice of his profession in Cincinnati; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at San Francisco in 1920; served as president of the Cincinnati Bar Association in 1925 and 1926; died in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 9, 1932; interment in Sugar Grove Cemetery, Wilmington, Ohio.

ALLEN, Amos Lawrence, a Representative from Maine; born in Waterboro, York County, Maine, March 17, 1837; attended the common schools, Whitestown Seminary, Whitestown, N.Y., and was graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1860; studied law at Columbian Law School, Washington, D.C.; was admitted to the bar of York County in 1866 but never practiced; served as a clerk in the United States Treasury Department 1867-1870; elected clerk of the courts for York County, Maine, in 1870, reelected three times, and served until January 1, 1883; member of the State house of representatives in 1886 and 1887; private secretary to Speaker Thomas B. Reed in Fifty-first, Fifty-fourth, and Fifty-fifth Congresses; delegate at large to the Republican National Convention at St. Louis in 1896; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Thomas B. Reed; reelected to the Fifty-seventh and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from November 6, 1899, until his death in Washington, D.C., February 20, 1911; interment in Evergreen Cemetery, Alfred, Maine.

ALLEN, Andrew, a Delegate from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., in June 1740; was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1759; completed law studies at the Temple in London, England; was admitted to the bar in 1765 and commenced practice in Philadelphia; member of the provisional assembly and of the provisional council 1765-1775; appointed attorney general in 1766; member of the common council of Philadelphia in 1768; member of the committee of safety in 1775 and 1776; Member of the Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776, but disapproved of independence and withdrew in June 1776; when the Royalist Army entered New York he went within the British lines, took the oath of allegiance to the King, renouncing those he had taken as a Member of the Continental Congress, and went to London, England; was attainted of treason and his estates confiscated; compensated by the British Government with a pension of £400 per annum; died in London, England, March 7, 1825.

ALLEN, Asa Leonard, a Representative from Louisiana; born on a farm near Winnfield, Winn Parish, La., January 5, 1891; attended the rural schools; was graduated from Louisiana State University at Baton Rouge in 1914; taught in the rural schools of Louisiana; principal of the Georgetown (La.) High School in 1914 and 1915 and of the Verda (La.) High School 1915-1917; superintendent of Winn Parish schools 1917-1922; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1922 and commenced practice in Winnfield, La.; served as city attorney of Winnfield for several years; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1937-January 3, 1953); chairman, Committee on the Census (Seventy-eighth and Seventyninth Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1952; retired and resided in Winnfield, La., until his death January 5, 1969; interment in Winnfield Cemetery.

ALLEN, Charles (son of Joseph Allen and grandnephew of Samuel Adams), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Worcester, Mass., August 9, 1797; attended the Leicester Academy 1809-1811 and Yale College in 1811 and 1812; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1818 and commenced practice in New Braintree; moved to Worcester in 1824 and continued the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives 1830, 1833, 1835, and 1840; served in the State senate 1836 and 1837; member of the Northeastern Boundary Commission in 1842; judge of the court of common pleas 1842-1845; delegate to the Whig National Convention at Philadelphia in 1848; elected by the Free-soil Party to the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1853); was not a candidate for renomination in 1852; resumed the practice of law; member of the State constitutional convention in 1853; chief justice of the Suffolk County Superior Court 1859-1867; delegate to the peace convention held at Washington, D.C., in 1861, in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; died in Worcester, Mass., August 6, 1869; interment in the Rural Cemetery. Bibliography: Hoar, George F[risbie]. Charles Allen of Worcester. Worcester, Mass.: Press of C. Hamilton, 1902.

ALLEN, Charles Herbert, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Lowell, Mass., April 15, 1848; attended public and private schools; was graduated from Amherst College, Mass., in 1869; engaged in the manufacture of wooden boxes and in the lumber business with his father; held various local offices; member of the Massachusetts house of representatives in 1881 and 1882; served in the Massachusetts senate in 1883; colonel and aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor Robinson in 1884; elected as a Republican to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1889); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1888; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in 1890; served as Massachusetts Prison Commissioner in 1897 and 1898; Assistant Secretary of the Navy 1898-1900; served as first civil Governor of Puerto Rico 1900-1902; returned to Lowell, Mass., in 1902 and became financially interested in banking and other enterprises, serving as vice president of the Morton Trust Co. and of the Guaranty Trust Co. of New York and as president of the American Sugar Refining Co.; died in Lowell, Mass., April 20, 1934; interment in Lowell Cemetery.

ALLEN, Clarence Emir, a Representative from Utah; born in Girard Township, Erie County, Pa., September 8, 1852; attended the district school and Girard (Pa.) Academy; was graduated from Western Reserve College, then at Hudson, Ohio, in 1877; moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, in August 1881 and was an instructor in Salt Lake Academy until 1886, when he resigned to engage in mining pursuits; member of the Territorial house of representatives in 1888, 1890, and again in 1894; elected county clerk of Salt Lake County in August 1890 and served until January 1, 1893; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice in Salt Lake City; unsuccessful Liberal candidate for election in 1892 as a Delegate to the Fifty-third Congress; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1892 and 1896; upon the admission of Utah as a State into the Union was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress and served from January 4, 1896, to March 3, 1897; declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1896; resumed his former mining pursuits until 1922, when he retired from active business and resided in Columbus, Ohio, until 1931; died in Escondido, Calif., July 9, 1932; the remains were cremated and the ashes interred in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Salt Lake City, Utah.

ALLEN, Clifford Robertson, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Jacksonville, Duval County, Fla., January 6, 1912; graduated from Friends Elementary and High School, Washington, D.C.; LL.B., Cumberland University School of Law, Lebanon, Tenn., 1931; admitted to the Tennessee Bar in 1931; lawyer, private practice; member of the Tennessee state senate, 1949-1951, 1955-1959; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Tennessee, 1950, 1952, 1956; tax assessor for Metropolitan Nashville and Davidson County, Tenn., 1960-1975; president, International Association of Assessing Officers, 1970; president, Tennessee Association of Assessing Officers, 1971; member of the Tennessee Constitutional Convention, 1971; elected as a Democrat, by special election, to the Ninety-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Representative Richard H. Fulton, and reelected to the succeeding Congress (November 25, 1975-June 18, 1978); died on June 18, 1978, in Nashville, Tenn.; interment in Woodlawn Memorial Park.

ALLEN, Edward Payson, a Representative from Michigan; born in Sharon, Washtenaw County, Mich., October 28, 1839; attended the district and select schools; was graduated from the State normal school in 1864; enlisted and helped to raise a company for the Twenty-ninth Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry; commissioned first lieutenant in September 1864 and later, captain; mustered out with his regiment in September 1865; was graduated from the law school of Michigan University at Ann Arbor in March 1867; was admitted to the bar; commenced practice in Ypsilanti, Washtenaw County; assistant assessor of internal revenue in 1869; prosecuting attorney of Washtenaw County in 1872; alderman of Ypsilanti 1872-1874; elected to the Michigan house of representatives in 1876 and again in 1878, at which time he was elected speaker pro tempore; mayor of Ypsilanti in 1880; appointed United States Indian agent for Michigan in August 1882 and served until December 1885; elected as a Republican to the Fiftieth and Fiftyfirst Congresses (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1891); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; resumed the practice of law; member of the State board of agriculture 1897-1903; again mayor of Ypsilanti in 1899 and 1900; member of the State soldiers’ home board 1903-1909; died in Ypsilanti, Mich., November 25, 1909; interment in Highland Cemetery.

ALLEN, Elisha Hunt (son of Samuel Clesson Allen), a Representative from Maine; born in New Salem, Mass., January 28, 1804; attended New Salem Academy, and was graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., in 1823; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1825 and commenced practice in Brattleboro, Vt.; moved to Bangor, Maine, and continued the practice of law; member of the Maine house of representatives 1835-1840, serving as speaker in 1838; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1842 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; again elected to the Maine house of representatives in 1846; moved to Boston, Mass., in 1847 and resumed the practice of his profession; elected to the Massachusetts house of representatives in 1849; appointed consul to Honolulu in 1850; was prominently connected with the government of the Hawaiian Islands as chief justice and regent, and as envoy to the United States in 1856 and 1864; served as minister from the Kingdom of Hawaii to the United States from 1869 until his sudden death January 1, 1883, while attending a diplomatic reception given by President Chester A. Arthur in the White House at Washington, D.C.; interment in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass.

ALLEN, George, a Representative and a Senator from Virginia; born in Whittier, Los Angeles County, Calif., March 8, 1952; B.A., J.D., University of Virginia; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Second Congress by special election November 5, 1991, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of D. French Slaughter Jr., and served from November 5, 1991, to January 3, 1993; was not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred and Third Congress, but was a successful candidate for Governor of Virginia for the term beginning January 15, 1994, and served until January 17, 1998; elected to the United States Senate in 2000 for the term ending January 3, 2007; chair, National Republican Senatorial Committee (2003-2005).

ALLEN, Heman (of Colchester), a Representative from Vermont; born in Poultney, Vt., February 23, 1779; attended the common schools; was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1795; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1801 and commenced practice in Colchester, Vt.; sheriff of Chittenden County in 1808 and 1809; chief justice of the county court 1811-1814; member of the State house of representatives 1812-1817; elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth Congress and served from March 4, 1817, to April 20, 1818, when he resigned to become marshal; appointed United States marshal for the district of Vermont on December 14, 1818, and reappointed on December 24, 1822; United States Minister Plenipotentiary to Chile from January 27, 1823, to July 31, 1827; president of the Burlington branch of the United States Bank from 1830 until the expiration of its charter in 1836; resumed the practice of his profession in Highgate, Franklin County, Vt., where he died April 7, 1852; interment in Allen Cemetery, Burlington, Vt.

ALLEN, Heman (of Milton), a Representative from Vermont; born in Ashfield (now Deerfield), Mass., June 14, 1777; attended an academy in Chesterfield, N.H., for two years; moved to Grand Isle, Vt.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1803 and commenced practice in Milton, Vt.; member of the State house of representatives 1810-1814, 1816, 1817, 1822, and 1824-1826; moved to Burlington, Chittenden County, Vt., in 1828 and continued the practice of his profession; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-second and Twenty-third Congresses and as a Whig to the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1831-March 3, 1839); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Twenty-third through Twenty-fifth Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1838 to the Twenty-sixth Congress; resumed the practice of law; died in Burlington, Vt., on December 11, 1844; interment in Elmwood Avenue Cemetery.

ALLEN, Henry Crosby, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Paterson, N.J., May 13, 1872; attended private and public schools of his native city; was graduated from St. Paul’s School, Garden City, Long Island, in 1889, from Yale University in 1893, and from the New York Law School in 1895; was admitted to the bar in 1895 and commenced practice in Paterson, N.J.; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1905-March 3, 1907); was not a candidate for renomination in 1906; resumed the practice of law in Paterson, N.J.; postmaster of Paterson 19261935; died in Mystic, Conn., March 7, 1942, while visiting his daughter; interment in Cedar Lawn Cemetery, Paterson, N.J.

ALLEN, Henry Dixon, a Representative from Kentucky; born near Henderson, Henderson County, Ky., June 24, 1854; moved with his parents to Morganfield, Union County, in 1855; attended the common schools and Morganfield Collegiate Institute; taught school in Union County 1869-1875; studied medicine and was graduated from the Missouri Medical College, St. Louis, Mo., in 1877; practiced medicine in Union County from 1877 to 1878; abandoned medicine and studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1878 and commenced practice in Morganfield, Ky.; county school commissioner 1879-1881; prosecuting attorney of Union County 1882-1891; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1899-March 3, 1903); was not a candidate for renomination in 1902; resumed the practice of law; also engaged in banking and agricultural pursuits; died in Morganfield, Ky., March 9, 1924; interment in Masonic Cemetery.

ALLEN, Henry Justin, a Senator from Kansas; born in Pittsfield, Warren County, Pa., September 11, 1868; moved with his parents to Kansas in 1870 and settled on a farm near Clifton, Clay County; attended the public schools, Washburn College, Topeka, Kans., and graduated from Baker University, Baldwin, Kans., in 1890; became a newspaper reporter and editorial writer; during the Spanish-American War served as a war correspondent in Cuba; member of the press galleries of the United States Congress 1914-1916; owner of several Kansas newspapers; served with the American Red Cross in France as head of the home communication service during the First World War; Governor of Kansas 1919-1923; special commissioner of the Near East Relief to Armenia, Turkey, Greece, and Southern Russia in 1923 and 1924; director of publicity for the Republican National Committee in the campaign of 1928; appointed on April 1, 1929, as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles Curtis and served from April 1, 1929, to November 30, 1930, when a duly elected successor qualified; unsuccessful candidate for election to fill the vacancy; editor of the Topeka State Journal and chairman of the board of directors of the Wichita Beacon; died in Wichita, Kans., January 17, 1950; interment in Maple Grove Cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography.

ALLEN, James Browning (husband of Maryon Pittman Allen), a Senator from Alabama; born in Gadsden, Etowah County, Ala., December 28, 1912; attended public schools of Gadsden, University of Alabama, and University of Alabama Law School; practiced law in Gadsden, Ala., from 1935 to 1968; member of the Alabama State legislature 19381942; resigned to enter active duty in the United States Naval Reserve 1943-1946; member of the Alabama State senate 1946-1950; lieutenant governor of Alabama 19511955, 1963-1967; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate, November 5, 1968; reelected in 1974, and served from January 3, 1969, until his death in Gulf Shores, Ala. on June 1, 1978; interment in Forrest Cemetery, Gadsden, Ala. Bibliography: U.S. Congress. Memorial Services Held in the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States. Together with Remarks Presented in Eulogy of James B. Allen, Late a Senator from Alabama. 85th Cong., 2d sess. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1978; Watson, Elbert L. ″James Browning Allen.’’ In Alabama United States Senators, pp. 146-49. Huntsville, AL: Strode Publishers, 1982.

ALLEN, James Cameron, a Representative from Illinois; born in Shelby County, Ky., January 29, 1822; attended the public schools; moved to Indiana in 1830; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Sullivan, Ind.; prosecuting attorney for the seventh judicial district of Indiana 1846-1848; moved to Palestine, Ill., in 1848 and continued the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives in 1850 and 1851; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853March 3, 1855); presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Thirty-fourth Congress and served from March 4, 1855, to July 18, 1856, when the House decided he was not entitled to the seat; subsequently elected to fill the vacancy thus caused and served from November 4, 1856, to March 3, 1857; was not a candidate for renomination in 1856; Clerk of the House of Representatives in the Thirtyfifth Congress 1857-1859; unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1860; elected circuit court judge in April 1861 and served until he resigned in 1863; elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1865); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1864 to the Thirty-ninth Congress; resumed the practice of law; reelected circuit court judge in 1873 and upon the establishment of the appellate court was appointed its judge, occupying both positions and serving from 1873 to 1879; moved to Olney, Richland County, Ill., in 1876 and practiced law; retired from the practice of his profession in 1907; died in Olney, Ill., January 30, 1912; interment in Olney Cemetery.

ALLEN, John (father of John William Allen), a Representative from Connecticut; born in Great Barrington, Mass., June 12, 1763; attended the common schools; studied law at the Litchfield Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1786 and commenced practice in Litchfield, Conn.; member of the State house of representatives 1793-1796, serving as clerk in 1796; elected as a Federalist to the Fifth Congress (March 4, 1797-March 3, 1799); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1798; member of the State council and of the supreme court of errors 1800-1806; continued the practice of law in Litchfield, Conn., until his death on July 31, 1812; interment in East Cemetery.

ALLEN, John Beard, a Delegate from the Territory of Washington and a Senator from Washington; born in Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, Ind., May 18, 1845; attended the public schools and Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind.; during the Civil War served as a private; moved to Rochester, Minn., in 1865 and engaged in business as a grain dealer; graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and was admitted to the bar in 1869; moved to Washington Territory in 1870 and commenced the practice of law in Olympia; appointed United States attorney for the Territory of Washington by President Ulysses Grant and served from April 1875 to July 1885; reporter for the supreme court of the Territory 1878-1885; moved to Walla Walla in 1881; elected as a Republican Delegate to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1889-November 11, 1889); when the Territory was admitted as a State, elected as a Republican to the United States Senate, and served from November 20, 1889, to March 3, 1893; the legislature failing to elect a Senator, was appointed by the Governor to serve in the Senate until March 20, 1893; presented his credentials as a Senator-designate in 1893, but was not permitted to qualify; moved to Seattle and resumed the practice of law; died in Seattle, Wash., January 28, 1903; interment in Lakeview Cemetery in Seattle.

ALLEN, John Clayton, a Representative from Illinois; born in Hinesburg, Chittenden County, Vt., February 14, 1860; attended the common schools and Beeman Academy, New Haven, Vt.; moved to Lincoln, Nebr., in 1881, and to McCook, Redwillow County, Nebr., in 1886 and engaged in mercantile pursuits at both places; member of the McCook City Council 1887-1889; mayor of McCook, Nebr., in 1890; secretary of state of Nebraska 1891-1895; moved to Monmouth, Warren County, Ill., in 1896 and became president of the John C. Allen Co. department store and of the People’s National Bank of Monmouth; member of the State normal school board 1917-1927; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1925-March 3, 1933); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932 to the Seventy-third Congress and for election in 1934 to the Seventy-fourth Congress; resumed his former business pursuits in Monmouth, Ill., until his death there on January 12, 1939; interment in Vermont Cemetery, Vermont, Ill.

ALLEN, John James (brother of Robert Allen), a Representative from Virginia; born in Woodstock, Shenandoah County, Va., September 25, 1797; attended Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1811 and 1812, and Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), Lexington, Va., in 1814 and 1815; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1819 and commenced practice at Campbell Courthouse; moved to Clarksburg, Harrison County, Va., and continued practice; member of the State senate 1828-1830; Commonwealth attorney for Harrison, Lewis, and Preston Counties in 1834, serving while a Member of Congress; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1835); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1834 to the Twenty-fourth Congress; judge of the seventeenth circuit court of Virginia 1836-1840; judge of the State supreme court of appeals 1840-1865, serving as presiding justice 1852-1865; president of the executive council in 1861; author of the ‘‘Botetourt resolutions’’ of 1861; retired to private life and engaged in the management of his large estate; died at Beaverdam, near Fincastle, Botetourt County, Va., September 18, 1871; interment in the family burying ground in Lauderdale Cemetery, near his estate in Botetourt County, Va.

ALLEN, John Joseph, Jr., a Representative from California; born in Oakland, Alameda County, Calif., November 27, 1899; attended the public schools; while a student in college enlisted during the First World War in the United States Navy and served as an apprentice seaman; was graduated from the University of California at Berkeley in 1920 and from its law department in 1922; was admitted to the bar in 1922 and commenced practice in Oakland, Calif.; member of the Oakland Board of Education 1923-1943, serving several terms as president; president of the California State School Trustees Association 1936-1938; member of the County Republican Central Committee 1936-1944; during the Second World War served as a lieutenant commander in the United States Navy 1942-1945, with twenty months in the South Pacific area; vice chairman of the State commission on school districts in 1946 and 1947; elected as a Republican to the Eightieth and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1947-January 3, 1959); unsuccessful for reelection in 1958 to the Eighty-sixth Congress; appointed Under Secretary of Commerce for Transportation January 5, 1959, serving until January 20, 1961; resumed the practice of law until his retirement in 1969; resided in McCall, Idaho, until his death on March 7, 1995.

ALLEN, John Mills, a Representative from Mississippi; born in Tishomingo County, Miss., July 8, 1846; attended the common schools; during the Civil War enlisted as a private in the Confederate Army and served throughout the war; attended the law school of Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., and was graduated from the law department of the University of Mississippi in 1870; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Tupelo, Lee County, Miss.; district attorney for the first judicial district of Mississippi 1875-1879; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-ninth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1901); chairman, Committee of Expenditures in the Department of Justice (Fifty-second Congress), Committee on Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Fifty-third Congress); declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1900 to the Fifty-seventh Congress; appointed in March 1901 a United States commissioner to the St. Louis Exposition of 1904; resumed the practice of law in Tupelo, Miss., and died there October 30, 1917; interment in Glenwood Cemetery. Bibliography: Faries, Clyde J. ‘‘The Rhetoric of Private John Allen.’’ Ph.D. diss., University of Missouri, 1965; Gentry, Claude. Private John Allen: Gentleman, Statesman, Sage, Prophet. Baldwyn, Miss: The author, 1951.

ALLEN, John William (son of John Allen), a Representative from Ohio; born in Litchfield, Conn., in August 1802; attended preparatory schools; moved to Chenango County, N.Y., in 1818, where he received a classical education and studied law; moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825 and continued the study of law; was admitted to the bar in 1826 and commenced practice in Cleveland; president of the village 1831-1835; member of the board of directors of the Commercial Bank of Lake Erie upon its reorganization in 1832; one of the incorporators of the Cleveland & Newburg Railroad Co. in 1834 and an organizer of the Ohio Railroad Co. in 1836; served in the State senate in 1836 and 1837; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1841); was not a candidate for reelection; elected mayor of Cleveland in 1841; elected president of the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad in 1845; delegate to the first convention on river and harbor improvement, held in Chicago in 1847; appointed postmaster of Cleveland by President Grant on April 4, 1870, reappointed April 4, 1874, and served until his resignation January 11, 1875; one of the first bank commissioners of Ohio; died in Cleveland, Ohio, October 5, 1887; interment in Erie Street Cemetery.

ALLEN, Joseph (nephew of Samuel Adams), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Boston, Mass., September 2, 1749; was graduated from Harvard College in 1774; engaged in business in Leicester, Mass.; moved to Worcester in 1776; member of the State constitutional convention of 1788; appointed clerk of the courts and held that office until 1810, when he resigned to serve in Congress; elected as a Federalist to the Eleventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jabez Upham and served from October 8, 1810, to March 3, 1811; declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1810; State councilor from 1815 to 1818; died in Worcester, Mass., September 2, 1827; interment in Mechanic Street Burying Ground.

ALLEN, Judson, a Representative from New York; born in Plymouth, Conn., April 3, 1797; attended the public schools; engaged in the lumber business; moved to Harpursville (formerly Harpersville), Broome County, N.Y.; appointed postmaster of Harpursville March 19, 1830, and served until November 20, 1839; judge of the Broome County Court for eight years; member of the State assembly in 1836 and 1837; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1841); was not a candidate for renomination in 1840; moved to St. Louis, Mo., and engaged in the produce, lumber, marble, and grocery business until his death in St. Louis, August 6, 1880; interment in Bellefontaine Cemetery.

ALLEN, Leo Elwood, a Representative from Illinois; born in Elizabeth, Jo Daviess County, Ill., October 5, 1898; attended the public schools; during the First World War served as a sergeant in the One Hundred and Twenty-third Field Artillery 1917-1919; was graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1923; taught school at Galena, Ill., in 1922 and 1923; clerk of the circuit court of Jo Daviess County 1924-1932; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1930 and commenced practice in Galena, Ill.; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-third Congress and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1961); chairman, Committee on Rules (Eightieth and Eighty-third Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1960; retired and resided in Galena, Ill., where he died January 19, 1973; interment in Greenwood Cemetery.

ALLEN, Maryon Pittman (wife of James Browning Allen), a Senator from Alabama; born Maryon Pittman in Meridian, Lauderdale County, Miss., November 30, 1925; moved to Birmingham, Ala., 1926; educated in the public schools of Birmingham; attended the University of Alabama; journalist, editor, writer, and lecturer; appointed chairwoman of the Blair House Fine Arts Commission by President Gerald R. Ford 1974; appointed on June 6, 1978, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, James B. Allen, and served from June 8, 1978, to November 7, 1978; unsuccessful candidate for renomination to the unexpired term ending January 3, 1981; columnist for The Washington Post 19781981; public relations and advertising director for C.G. Sloan & Co., an antique and auction firm; owner, Maryon Allen Company (restoration/design), Birmingham; is a resident of Birmingham, Ala. Bibliography: Watson, Elbert L. ‘‘Maryon Pittman Allen.’’ In Alabama United States Senators, pp. 150-52. Huntsville, AL: Strode Publishers, 1982.

ALLEN, Nathaniel (father-in-law of Robert Lawson Rose), a Representative from New York; born in East Bloomfield, N.Y., in 1780; attended the common schools; worked as a blacksmith at Canandaigua, Ontario County, N.Y.; started a blacksmith shop at Richmond, near Allens Hill, in 1796; served as an officer in the militia; appointed postmaster of Honeoye Falls, N.Y., July 1, 1811; was commissioner and paymaster on the Niagara frontier in 1812; member of the State assembly in 1812; sheriff of Ontario County, N.Y., 1815-1819; elected to the Sixteenth Congress (March 4, 1819-March 3, 1821); was not a candidate for renomination in 1820; supervisor of the town of Richmond 18241826; engaged in the prosecution of claims for money due in connection with the construction of the Louisville & Portland Canal; died in the Gault House at Louisville, Ky., while on a business trip to that city, December 22, 1832; interment in the churchyard of the Episcopal Church, Allens Hill, Ontario County, N.Y.

ALLEN, Philip, a Senator from Rhode Island; born in Providence, R.I., September 1, 1785; received his early education from private tutors; attended Taunton Academy and Robert Rogers School at Newport; graduated from Rhode Island College (now Brown University) in 1803; engaged in mercantile pursuits and foreign commerce; when shipping was suspended during the War of 1812 he engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods in Smithfield, R.I.; member of the State house of representatives 1819-1821; appointed pension agent and president of the Rhode Island branch of the United States Bank in 1827; continued the manufacture of cotton goods and began the printing of calicos at Providence, R.I., in 1831; elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1851; reelected in 1852 and 1853, and served until July 20, 1853, when he resigned to become Senator; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate on May 4, 1853, for the term beginning March 4, 1853, and served from July 20, 1853, to March 3, 1859; was not a candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses); retired from active political and business pursuits; died in Providence, R.I., December 16, 1865; interment in the North Burial Ground. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography.

ALLEN, Robert, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Augusta County, Va., June 19, 1778; attended the rural schools and William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va.; studied law and practiced; moved to Carthage, Tenn., in 1804 and engaged in the mercantile business; clerk of Smith County many years; during the War of 1812 served as colonel and commanded a regiment of Tennessee Volunteers under Gen. Andrew Jackson; elected to the Sixteenth through Nineteenth Congresses (March 4, 1819-March 3, 1827); chairman, Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Nineteenth Congress); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1826; engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits in Carthage, Tenn.; delegate to the State convention in 1834; died in Carthage, Tenn., August 19, 1844; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Lebanon, Tenn.

ALLEN, Robert (brother of John James Allen), a Representative from Virginia; born in the village of Woodstock, Shenandoah County, Va., July 30, 1794; attended the rural schools, and Dickinson College at Carlisle 1811-1812; was graduated from Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), Lexington, Va., in 1815; engaged in agricultural pursuits in Shenandoah County; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Woodstock; prosecuting attorney of Shenandoah County; member of the State senate in 1821-1826; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twentieth, Twenty-first and Twenty-second Congresses (March 4, 1827-March 3, 1833); chairman, Committee on Accounts (Twenty-second Congress); moved to Bedford County and continued agricultural pursuits; died in Mount Prospect, Va., December 30, 1859; interment in Longwood Cemetery, Liberty (now Bedford City), Va.

ALLEN, Robert Edward Lee, a Representative from West Virginia; born in Lima, Tyler County, W.Va., November 28, 1865; attended the country schools, Fairmont Normal School, and Peabody College, Nashville, Tenn.; was graduated from the literary department of the University of West Virginia at Morgantown in 1894 and from its law department in 1895; was admitted to the bar in 1895 and commenced practice at Morgantown, Monongalia County, W.Va.; member of the city council from 1895 to 1917; deputy collector of internal revenue for the district of West Virginia 1917-1921; judge of the city court 1921-1923; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1923March 3, 1925); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1924 to the Sixty-ninth Congress and for election in 1926 to the Seventieth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Morgantown, W.Va., until his retirement in 1927; moved to Preston County, W.Va., and operated a summer resort at Brookside 1929-1939; resided in Aurora, W.Va., until his death in Mountain Lake Park, Md., January 28, 1951; interment in Kingwood Cemetery, Kingwood, W.Va.

ALLEN, Robert Gray, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Winchester, Middlesex County, Mass., August 24, 1902; moved to Minneapolis, Minn., in 1906 and attended public and private schools; was graduated from Phillips Academy at Andover, Mass., in 1922 and later attended Harvard University; moved to Greensburg, Pa., in 1929 and was a salesman and sales manager for a valve and fittings manufacturing business until 1937; district administrator of the Works Progress Administration in 1935 and 1936; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth and Seventysixth Congresses (January 3, 1937-January 3, 1941); was not a candidate for renomination in 1940; president of the Duff-Norton Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., 1940-1943; commissioned a major in the Ordnance Branch, United States Army, in July 1942, promoted to lieutenant colonel in February 1943, and served until his discharge in January 1945; sales manager for the Baldwin Locomotive Works 1945-1946; vice president of Fisher Plastics Corporation, Boston, Mass., 1946-1947; vice president of Great Lakes Carbon Corporation 1947-1954; president, Pesco Products, division of Borg-Warner Corporation, 1954-1957; vice president of Bucyrus-Erie Co., in 1957 and 1958 and president in 1958; chairman of the board and president of Bucyrus-Erie Co. of Canada, Ltd., and chairman of the board of RustonBucyrus, Ltd., Lincoln, England; director of the First Wisconsin National Bank of Milwaukee; retired from business activities in 1962 and moved from Milwaukee, Wis., to Keene, Va., where he died August 9, 1963; interment in Christ Episcopal Church.

ALLEN, Samuel Clesson (father of Elisha Hunt Allen), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Bernardston, Mass., January 5, 1772; attended the public schools of New Salem, and was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1794; studied theology; was ordained as a minister, became pastor of the Congregational Church in Northfield in 1795, and served until 1798; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1800 and practiced in New Salem; member of the State house of representatives 1806-1810; served in the State senate 1812-1815; elected as a Federalist to the Fifteenth Congress and reelected to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1829); chairman, Committee on Accounts (Seventeenth through Twentieth Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1828; member of the Governor’s executive council of Massachusetts 1829-1830; again elected to the State senate in 1831; retired from politics; engaged as a lecturer at Amherst College; member of the board of trustees of Amherst College and of the University of Vermont; died in Northfield, Mass., February 8, 1842; interment in the Village Cemetery, Bernardston, Franklin County, Mass.

ALLEN, Thomas, a Representative from Missouri; born in Pittsfield, Mass., August 29, 1813; attended Pittsfield Academy and Berkshire Gymnasium; was graduated from Union College in 1832; studied law in New York City; was admitted to the bar in 1835 and commenced practice in New York City in 1832; moved to Washington, D.C., and established the Madisonian in 1837; printer to the House of Representatives 1837-1839; printer to the United States Senate 1839-1842; moved to St. Louis, Mo., in 1842; member of the State senate 1850-1854; was a contractor upon internal improvements and projected and built more than 1,000 miles of railway; in 1852 took the first steam locomotive across the Mississippi River; president of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, but subsequently sold all his railway interests and retired from active pursuits; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh Congress and served from March 4, 1881, until his death in Washington, D.C., April 8, 1882; interment in Pittsfield Cemetery, Pittsfield, Mass.

ALLEN, Thomas H., a Representative from Maine; born in Portland, Cumberland County, Maine, April 16, 1945; graduated from Deering High School, Portland, Maine, 1963; B.A., Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, 1967; Rhodes Scholar, B. Phil., Oxford University, Oxford, England, 1970; J.D., Harvard University Law School, Cambridge, Mass., 1974; lawyer, private practice; staff, Governor Kenneth B. Curtis of Maine, 1968; staff, United States Senator Edmund S. Muskie of Maine, 1970-1971; Portland, Maine, city council, 1989-1995; mayor of Portland, Maine, 1991-1992; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Fifth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1997-present).

ALLEN, William, a Representative from Ohio; born near Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio, August 13, 1827; attended the public schools; taught school; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1849 and commenced practice in Greenville, Ohio, in 1850; prosecuting attorney of Darke County 1850-1854; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1863); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Interior (Thirty-seventh Congress); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1862; resumed the practice of law; affiliated with the Republican Party at the close of the Civil War; appointed judge of the court of common pleas of the second judicial district in 1865; declined the Republican nomination for election to the Forty-sixth Congress in 1878 because of failing health; interested in banking until his death in Greenville, Darke County, Ohio, July 6, 1881; interment in Greenville Cemetery.

ALLEN, William, a Representative and a Senator from Ohio; born in Edenton, Chowan County, N.C., December 18 or December 27, 1803; moved to Lynchburg, Va., and attended private schools; moved to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1819; attended Chillicothe Academy; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1827 and commenced practice in Chillicothe; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-third Congress; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1834 to the Twenty-fourth Congress; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in January 1837; reelected in 1843, and served from March 4, 1837, to March 3, 1849; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1849; chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations (Twenty-ninth Congress); retired to his estate, ‘‘Fruit Hill,’’ near Chillicothe, Ross County, Ohio, and engaged in farming and stock raising; Governor of Ohio 1874-1876; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1875; resumed agricultural pursuits; died at ‘‘Fruit Hill,’’ July 11, 1879; interment in Grand View Cemetery, Chillicothe, Ohio. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; McGrane, Reginald C. William Allen: A Study in Western Democracy. Columbus: Ohio State Archeological and Historical Society, 1925.

ALLEN, William Franklin, a Representative from Delaware; born in Bridgeville, Sussex County, Del., January 19, 1883; attended the public schools at Bridgeville, and Laurel, Del.; moved to Seaford, Del., and was employed as an agent and train dispatcher by a railroad company 1902-1922; served as school commissioner at Seaford, Del., 1920-1924; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at San Francisco, Calif., in 1920; member of the State senate 19251929, serving as president pro tempore in 1927; engaged in the manufacture of fruit packages and in the packing and shipping of farm products in 1926; also engaged in the brokerage of oil and petroleum in 1926; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth Congress (January 3, 1937January 3, 1939); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress; resumed the oil and gasoline distribution business; died in a hospital at Lewes, Del., June 14, 1946; interment in Odd Fellows Cemetery, Seaford, Del.

ALLEN, William Joshua (son of Willis Allen), a Representative from Illinois; born in Wilson County, Tenn., June 9, 1829; moved with his father to Franklin (now Williamson) County, Ill., about 1830, and in 1839 settled in Marion; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849 and commenced practice in Metropolis; enrolling and engrossing clerk of the State house of representatives in 1849 and 1851; moved to Marion, Ill., in 1853 and continued the practice of his profession; appointed prosecuting attorney for the twenty-sixth judicial circuit of Illinois in 1854; member of the State senate in 1855; elected judge of the circuit court of the twenty-sixth judicial circuit on June 24, 1859, and served until 1861; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John A. Logan; reelected to the Thirty-eighth Congress and served from June 2, 1862, to March 3, 1865; was not a candidate for reelection in 1864; member of the State constitutional conventions in 1862 and 1870; delegate to all Democratic National Conventions from 1864 to 1888; moved to Springfield, Ill., in 1886; appointed United States district judge for the southern district of Illinois on April 18, 1887, and served until his death January 26, 1901, while visiting in Hot Springs, Ark.; interment in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Ill.

ALLEN, William Vincent, a Senator from Nebraska; born in Midway, Madison County, Ohio, January 28, 1847; moved with his parents to Iowa in 1857; attended the common schools and Upper Iowa University at Fayette; served as a private during the Civil War; studied law at West Union, Iowa; admitted to the bar in 1869 and practiced in Iowa until 1884, when he moved to Madison, Nebr.; judge of the district court of the ninth judicial district of Nebraska 1891-1893; permanent chairman of the Populist State conventions in 1892, 1894, and 1896; elected as a Populist to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1893, to March 3, 1899; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1899; appointed and subsequently elected judge of the district court of the ninth judicial district of Nebraska and served from March 9, 1899, until December 1899, when he resigned to return to the Senate; appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Monroe L. Hayward, and served from December 13, 1899, to March 28, 1901, when a successor was elected; was not a candidate for election to the vacancy; chairman, Committee on Forest Reservations and Game Protection (Fiftyfourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses); resumed the practice of law in Madison, Nebr.; again elected judge of the district court of the ninth judicial district of Nebraska in 1917 and served until his death; died in Los Angeles, Calif., January 12, 1924; interment in Crown Hill Cemetery, Madison, Nebr. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Coletta, Paolo E. ‘‘A Tempest in a Teapot? Governor Poynter’s Appointment of William V. Allen to the United States Senate.’’ Nebraska History 38 (June 1957): 155-63.

ALLEN, Willis (father of William Joshua Allen), a Representative from Illinois; born near Roanoke, Va., December 15, 1806; attended the common schools; taught school; moved to Tennessee and settled in Wilson County; moved to Franklin (now Williamson) County, Ill., in 1830 and engaged in agricultural pursuits; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Marion; sheriff of Franklin County 1834-1838; member of the State house of representatives 1838-1840; prosecuting attorney of the first judicial circuit in 1841; member of the State senate 18441847; member of the State constitutional convention in 1847 and 1848; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1855); was not a candidate for reelection in 1854; resumed the practice of his profession; elected judge of the twenty-sixth circuit court of Illinois March 2, 1859, and served until his death while holding court in Harrisburg, Saline County, Ill., April 15, 1859; interment in Marion Cemetery, Marion, Ill.

ALLEY, John Bassett, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Lynn, Essex County, Mass., January 7, 1817; attended the common schools; at the age of fourteen was apprenticed as a shoemaker, but was released at nineteen; moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1836; freighted merchandise up and down the Mississippi River; moved to Lynn, Mass., in 1838 and entered the shoe manufacturing business; established a hide and leather house in Boston in 1847; member of the first board of aldermen of Lynn in 1850; member of the Governor’s council 1847-1851; served in the State senate in 1852; member of the constitutional convention of 1853; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1867); chairman, Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads (Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1866; became connected with the Union Pacific Railroad; abandoned active business pursuits in 1886 and lived in retirement until his death in West Newton, Mass., January 19, 1896; interment in Pine Grove Cemetery, Lynn, Mass.

ALLGOOD, Miles Clayton, a Representative from Alabama; born in Chepultepec (now Allgood), Blount County, Ala., February 22, 1878; attended the common schools of his native county and was graduated from the State Normal College at Florence, Ala., in 1898; taught school in Blount County; tax assessor of Blount County, Ala., 1900-1909; member of the State Democratic executive committee 19081910; Blount County agricultural demonstration agent 19101913; State auditor of Alabama 1914-1918; State commissioner of agriculture and industries 1918-1922; elected as a delegate at large from Alabama to the Democratic National Convention at San Francisco in 1920; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-eighth Congress and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1923-January 3, 1935); chairman, Committee on War Claims (Seventy-second and Seventy-third Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1934; served as a member of the Farm Security Administration from September 4, 1935, until he retired on December 1, 1943; made an unsuccessful campaign for State treasurer in 1954; retired; died in Fort Payne, Ala., March 4, 1977; interment in Valley Head Cemetery, Valley Head, Ala.

ALLISON, James, Jr. (father of John Allison), a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near Elkton, Cecil County, Md., October 4, 1772; moved with his parents to Washington County, Pa., in 1774; at seventeen years of age he enrolled in the school of David Johnson, of Beaver, Pa.; saw service in the Indian warfare at Yellow Creek, Bedford County, Pa.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1796 and commenced practice in Washington, Pa.; returned to Beaver in 1803 and continued the practice of law until 1822, when he was elected to Congress; prosecuting attorney of Beaver County 1803-1809; elected to the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1823, until his resignation in 1825 before the assembling of the Nineteenth Congress; resumed the practice of law until 1848, after which he discontinued active pursuits and lived in retirement until his death in Beaver, Beaver County, Pa., June 17, 1854; interment in Old Cemetery.

ALLISON, John (son of James Allison, Jr.), a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Beaver, Pa., August 5, 1812; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar but did not practice extensively; engaged in the manufacture of hats; also operated a tannery; member of the State house of representatives in 1846, 1847, and 1849; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1853); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1852 to the Thirty-third Congress; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1856; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1856 and nominated Abraham Lincoln as a candidate for Vice President; also a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1860; appointed Register of the Treasury April 3, 1869, and served until his death in Washington, D.C., on March 23, 1878; interment in Beaver Cemetery, Beaver, Pa.

ALLISON, Robert, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near Greencastle, Franklin County, Pa., March 10, 1777; attended local and private schools; moved to Huntingdon, Pa., in 1795; employed as a clerk in his brother’s office; studied law; was admitted to the bar in April 1798 and commenced the practice of law in Huntingdon; served as a captain in the Huntingdon Volunteers during the War of 1812; at the close of the war returned to Huntingdon and resumed the practice of law; burgess of Huntingdon, Pa., in 1815, 1817, 1819, 1821-1824, and again in 1826; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1824 to the Nineteenth Congress, in 1826 to the Twentieth Congress, and in 1828 to the Twenty-first Congress; elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second Congress (March 4, 1831March 3, 1833); was not a candidate for renomination in 1832 to the Twenty-third Congress; continued the practice of his profession in Huntingdon, Huntingdon County, Pa., until his death there on December 2, 1840; interment in River View Cemetery.

ALLISON, William Boyd, a Representative and a Senator from Iowa; born in Perry, Ohio, March 2, 1829; attended country schools, the academy in Wooster, Ohio, and Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa.; graduated from Western Reserve College, Hudson, Ohio (now in Cleveland), in 1849; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Ashland, Ohio; unsuccessful candidate for district attorney in 1856; settled in Dubuque, Iowa, in 1857 and resumed the practice of law; served as a lieutenant colonel in the Union Army during the Civil War; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1871); chairman, Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (1869-71); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1870, but was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate; resumed the practice of law in Dubuque; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1872; reelected in 1878, 1884, 1890, 1896, and again in 1902, and served from March 4, 1873, until his death on August 4, 1908; Republican Conference chairman (Fifty-fifth to Sixtieth Congresses); chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Forty-fourth to Fortyfifth Congresses), Committee on Appropriations (Forty-seventh to Fifty-second, and Fifty-fourth to Sixtieth Congresses), Committee on Engrossed Bills (Fifty-third Congress); died in Dubuque, Iowa; interment in Linwood Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Cooper, Vernon. ‘‘The Public Career of William Boyd Allison.’’ Ph.D. dissertation, State University of Iowa, 1927; Sage, Leland. William Boyd Allison: A Study in Practical Politics. Iowa City: State Historical Society, 1956.

ALLOTT, Gordon Llewellyn, a Senator from Colorado; born in Pueblo, Colo., January 2, 1907; attended the public schools of Pueblo, Colo.; graduated from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1927 and from its law school in 1929; admitted to the bar in 1929 and commenced the practice of law in Pueblo, Colo.; moved to Lamar, Colo., in 1930 and continued practicing law; county attorney of Prowers County, Colo., in 1934 and 1941-1946; director, First Federal Savings & Loan Association of Lamar, Colo. 1934-1960; city attorney, Lamar, Colo. 1937-1941; during the Second World War served as a major in the United States Army Air Corps 1942-1946; district attorney, fifteenth judicial district 19461948; vice chairman State Board of Paroles 1951-1955; lieutenant governor of Colorado 1951-1955; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1954; reelected in 1960 and again in 1966, and served from January 3, 1955, to January 3, 1973; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1972; chairman, Republican Policy Committee (Ninety-first and Ninety-second Congresses); died in Englewood, Colo., January 17, 1989; interment in Fairmount Cemetery, Denver, Colo. Bibliography: Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives.

ALMON, Edward Berton, a Representative from Alabama; born near Moulton, Lawrence County, Ala., April 18, 1860; attended the rural schools; was graduated from the State Normal College, Florence, Ala., and from the law department of the University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, in 1883; was admitted to the bar in 1885 and commenced practice in Tuscumbia, Colbert County, Ala.; served in the State senate 1892-1894; judge of the circuit court of the eleventh judicial circuit of Alabama 1898-1906; member of the State house of representatives 1910-1915, serving as speaker in 1911; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fourth and to the nine succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1915, until his death in Washington, D.C., June 22, 1933; chairman, Committee on Roads (Seventy-second and Seventythird Congresses); interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Tuscumbia, Ala.

ALMOND, James Lindsay, Jr., a Representative from Virginia; born in Charlottesville, Albemarle County, Va., June 15, 1898; attended the graded schools in Locust Grove, Va.; law department of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, LL.B., 1923; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Roanoke, Va.; during the First World War served as a private in the Students Army Training Corps at the University of Virginia in 1917 and 1918; taught school at Locust Grove, Va., in 1919; principal of Zoar High School in 1921 and 1922; served as assistant Commonwealth’s attorney of Virginia 1930-1933; judge of the Hustings Court of Roanoke City, Va., 1933-1945; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Clifton A. Woodrum; reelected to the Eightieth Congress and served from January 22, 1946, until his resignation on April 17, 1948, having been elected attorney general of Virginia, in which capacity he served until August 28, 1957, when he resigned; elected Governor of Virginia in 1957 for the term ending January 1962; delegate to Democratic National Convention, 1960; judge, United States Court of Customs and Patents Appeals; was a resident of Richmond, Va. until his death there on April 15, 1986.

ALSOP, John, a Delegate from New York; born in New Windsor, Orange County, N.Y., in 1724; completed preparatory studies; moved to New York City and engaged in mercantile pursuits and importing; represented New York City in the colonial legislature; one of the incorporators of the New York Hospital, serving as its governor 1770-1784; Member of the Continental Congress 1774-1776; member of a committee of one hundred appointed in 1775 by the citizens of the city to take charge of the government until a convention could be assembled; served as the eighth president of the New York Chamber of Commerce in 1784 and 1785; died in Newtown, Long Island, N.Y., November 22, 1794; interment in Trinity Church Cemetery, New York City.

ALSTON, Lemuel James, a Representative from South Carolina; born in the eastern part of Granville (now Warren) County, N.C., in 1760; moved to South Carolina after the Revolutionary War and settled near Greens Mill, which soon became the town of Greenville; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Greenville; member of the State house of representatives, 1789-1790; elected as a Republican to the Tenth and Eleventh Congresses (March 4, 1807-March 3, 1811); moved in 1816 to Clarke County, Ala., and settled near Grove Hill, where he presided over the orphans’ court and the county court from November 1816 until May 1821; died at ‘‘Alston Place,’’ Clarke County, Ala., in 1836.

ALSTON, William Jeffreys, a Representative from Alabama; born in Milledgeville, Ga., December 31, 1800; attended a private school in South Carolina; moved to Alabama and settled in Marengo County; taught school for several years; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Linden, Marengo County, in 1821; judge of the Marengo County Court for several years; member of the State house of representatives in 1837; served in the State senate 1839-1842; elected as a Whig to the Thirtyfirst Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); was not a candidate for renomination in 1850; resumed the practice of his profession; again became a member of the State house of representatives, in 1855; engaged in agricultural pursuits; died in Magnolia, Marengo County, Ala., June 10, 1876; interment in Magnolia Cemetery.

ALSTON, Willis (nephew of Nathaniel Macon), a Representative from North Carolina; born near Littleton, Halifax County, N.C., in 1769; completed preparatory studies and attended Princeton College; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of commons 1790-1792; served in the State senate 1794-1796; elected as a Republican to the Sixth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1799-March 3, 1815); chairman, Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business (Thirteenth Congress); again a member of the State house of commons 1820-1824; elected to the Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses and reelected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first Congress (March 4, 1825-March 3, 1831); chairman, Committee on Elections (Twenty-first Congress); was not a candidate for reelection to the Twenty-second Congress; resumed agricultural pursuits; died in Halifax, N.C., April 10, 1837; interment in a private burying ground on his plantation home, ‘‘Butterwood,’’ near Littleton, Halifax County, N.C.

ALVORD, James Church, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Greenwich, Mass., April 14, 1808; completed preparatory studies and was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1827; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced the practice of his profession in Greenfield, Mass.; member of the State house of representatives in 1837; served in the State senate in 1838; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth Congress and served from March 4, 1839, until his death in Greenfield, Franklin County, Mass., on September 27, 1839, before the Congress assembled; interment in Federal Street Cemetery.

AMBLER, Jacob A., a Representative from Ohio; born in Pittsburgh, Pa., February 18, 1829; attended the local schools of Allegheny City and also received private instruction; moved to Salem, Ohio, and studied law in his brother’s law office; was admitted to the bar on March 27, 1851, and commenced practice in Salem, Columbiana County, Ohio; elected to the State house of representatives in 1857 and served two terms; appointed judge of the ninth judicial district in 1859 and served until 1867; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1873); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1872; resumed the practice of law and also became interested in various business enterprises in Salem, Ohio; served as vice president of a bank and of a steel and wire nail mill corporation and also as president of a publishing company; delegate to every Republican National Conventions between 1876 and 1896; appointed a member of the United States Tariff Commission by President Arthur in 1882; retired from the general practice of law in 1898 but continued active business pursuits until his death in Canton, Stark County, Ohio, September 22, 1906; interment in Hope Cemetery, Salem, Ohio.

AMBRO, Jerome Anthony, Jr., a Representative from New York; born in Brooklyn, Kings County, N.Y., June 27, 1928; attended Brooklyn public elementary schools; graduated, Grover Cleveland High School, Queens, N.Y., 1946; B.A., New York University, 1955; served in the United States Army, Military Police, 1951-1953; budget officer, purchasing and personnel director, Town of Huntington, N.Y., 1960-1967; served on Suffolk County (N.Y.) Board of Supervisors, 1968-1969; elected to four terms as Supervisor, Town of Huntington, N.Y., 1968-1974; chairman, Huntington Urban Renewal Agency and president, Freeholders and Commonalty of the Town of Huntington, 1968-1974; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fourth and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1975-January 3, 1981); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninety-seventh Congress in 1980; governmental and legislative consultant; died on March 4, 1993, in Falls Church, Va.

AMERMAN, Lemuel, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near Danville, Montour County, Pa., October 29, 1846; attended the common schools and Danville Academy; was graduated from Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa., in 1869; taught school three years; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1873 and commenced practice in Philadelphia, Pa.; moved to Scranton, Pa., in 1876 and continued the practice of law; also engaged in banking; solicitor for Lackawanna County 1879 and 1880; member of the State house of representatives 1881-1884; elected city comptroller of Scranton in 1885 and 1886; reporter of the decisions of the supreme court of Pennsylvania in 1886 and 1887; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second Congress (March 4, 1891March 3, 1893); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1892 to the Fifty-third Congress; continued the practice of his profession in Scranton, Pa., until his death in Blossburg, Tioga County, Pa., October 7, 1897; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery, Scranton, Pa.

AMES, Adelbert (father of Butler Ames and son-in-law of Benjamin Franklin Butler), a Senator from Mississippi; born in Rockland, Knox County, Maine, October 31, 1835; attended the common schools; was graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1861; during the Civil War served with the Union Army from 1861 to 1865 as lieutenant, colonel, and brigadier general; breveted colonel; received the Congressional Medal of Honor for gallantry at the Battle of Bull Run; captain in the Fifth Artillery of the Regular Army 1864-1866; lieutenant colonel of the Twenty-fourth United States Infantry from 1866 until 1870, when he resigned; appointed Provisional Governor of Mississippi on March 15, 1868; appointed to the command of the fourth military district (Department of Mississippi) March 17, 1869; upon the readmission of the State of Mississippi to representation was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate, and served from February 23, 1870, until January 10, 1874, when he resigned, having been elected Governor in 1873; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Fifty-third Congress); Governor of Mississippi from January 4, 1874, until March 29, 1876, when he resigned; moved to New York City and later to Lowell, Mass.; engaged in the flour business, with mills in Minnesota; also interested in various manufacturing industries in Lowell; was appointed brigadier general of Volunteers in the war with Spain 1898-1899; discontinued active business pursuits and lived in retirement in Lowell, Mass.; died at his winter home in Ormond, Fla., April 12, 1933; interment in Hildreth Cemetery, Lowell, Mass. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Ames, Blanche. Adelbert Ames, 1835-1933, General, Senator, Governor. North Easton, Mass.: Argosy Antiquarian, 1964; Kirshner, Ralph. The Class of 1861: Custer, Ames, and Their Classmates after West Point. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.

AMES, Butler (son of Adelbert Ames and grandson of Benjamin Franklin Butler), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Lowell, Mass., August 22, 1871; attended the public schools and Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H.; was graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1894; resigned from the United States Army after appointment as second lieutenant to the Eleventh Regiment, United States Infantry; took a postgraduate course at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was graduated in 1896 as a mechanical and electrical engineer; engaged in manufacturing; served as a member of the common council of Lowell in 1896; enlisted during the SpanishAmerican War and was commissioned lieutenant and adjutant of the Sixth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry; appointed acting engineer officer of the Second Army Corps under General Graham, in addition to his duties as adjutant; was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1898; served as civil administrator of the Arecibo district of Puerto Rico until November 1898; member of the Massachusetts house of representatives 1897-1899; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1913); was not a candidate for renomination in 1912; resumed manufacturing pursuits; president of United States Cartridge Co., and treasurer of Heinze Electrical Co. of Lowell; at time of death was treasurer and a director of Wamesit Power Co. of Lowell, Mass.; director of Union Land and Grazing Co., Colorado Springs, Colo., and vice president and a director of Ames Textile Corp., Lowell, Mass.; died in Tewksbury, Mass., November 6, 1954; interment in Hildreth Family Cemetery, Lowell, Mass.

AMES, Fisher, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Dedham, Mass., April 9, 1758; attended the town school of his native city and also received private instruction; was graduated from Harvard College in 1774; while teaching school, studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Dedham in 1781; served in the State house of representatives in 1788; member of the Massachusetts convention called for the ratification of the Federal Constitution in 1788; elected to the First through Third Congresses and as a Federalist to the Fourth Congress (March 4, 1789-March 3, 1797); chairman, Committee on Elections (First Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1796; resumed the practice of law in Dedham; member of the Governor’s council 1798-1800; chosen president of Harvard University in 1804, but declined to accept because of failing health; died in Dedham, Mass., July 4, 1808; interment in Old First Parish Cemetery. Bibliography: Bernhard, Winfred E.A. Fisher Ames: Federalist and Statesman, 1758-1808. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1965.

AMES, Oakes, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Easton, Mass., January 10, 1804; attended the public schools and Dighton (Mass.) Academy; engaged in the manufacture of shovels in North Easton; member of the executive council of Massachusetts in 1860; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1873); was not a candidate for renomination in 1872; instrumental in accomplishing the construction of the first transcontinental railroad; received the censure of the Forty-second Congress for ‘‘seeking to procure congressional attention to the affairs of a corporation in which he was interested,’’ which was in connection ´ with the Credit Mobilier; in 1883 the legislature of Massachusetts passed resolutions of gratitude for his work and faith in his integrity and petitioned the United States Congress to extend him a like acknowledgment; died in North Easton, Mass., May 8, 1873; interment in Unity Cemetery.

AMLIE, Thomas Ryum, a Representative from Wisconsin; born on a farm near Binford, Griggs County, N.Dak., April 17, 1897; attended the public schools, Cooperstown (N.Dak.) High School, the University of North Dakota at Grand Forks, and the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis; was graduated from the law department of the University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1923; was admitted to the Wisconsin bar the same year and commenced the practice of law in Beloit, Wis.; moved to Elkhorn, Wis., in 1927 and continued the practice of law; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-second Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Henry Allen Cooper and served from October 13, 1931, to March 3, 1933; was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932 to the Seventy-third Congress; elected as a Progressive to the Seventy-fourth and to the Seventy-fifth Congress (January 3, 1935-January 3, 1939); was not a candidate for renomination in 1938, but was an unsuccessful Progressive candidate for nomination for United States Senator; nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939 to be a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission but subsequently requested that his name be withdrawn; resumed the practice of law; author; resided in Madison, Wis., until his death there August 22, 1973; cremated; ashes interred at Sunset Memory Gardens. Bibliography: Long, Robert E. ‘‘Thomas Amlie: A Political Biography.’’ Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1969.

AMMERMAN, Joseph Scofield, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Curwensville, Clearfield County, Pa., July 14, 1924; graduated from Curwensville High School, Curwensville, Pa., 1942; A.B., Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., 1948; J.D., Dickinson School of Law, Carlisle, Pa., 1950; United States Army, 1943-1946; lawyer, private practice; bank president; district attorney, Clearfield County, Pa., 1954-1961; United States attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania, 1961-1963; member of the Pennsylvania state senate, 1970-1977; delegate to Democratic National Convention, 1952; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth Congress (January 3, 1977-January 3, 1979); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninety-sixth Congress in 1978; judge, court of common pleas, Clearfield County, Pa., 1986-1993; died on October 14, 1993, in Curwensville, Pa.; cremated.

ANCONA, Sydenham Elnathan, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near Lititz, Lancaster County, Pa., November 20, 1824; moved to Berks County, Pa., in 1826 with his parents, who settled near Sculls Hill; attended public and private schools; taught school; moved in 1856 to Reading, Pa., where he entered the employ of the Reading Railroad Co.; member of the board of education; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, and Thirtyninth Congresses (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1867); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1866; became engaged in the trust, fire-insurance, and relief-association businesses in Reading, Pa.; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Cincinnati in 1880; during a visit to the Capitol at Washington, D.C., in 1912 was tendered a reception on the floor of the House of Representatives, it being stated at the time that he was the last surviving Member of the Thirty-seventh Congress which assembled at the extraordinary session called by Abraham Lincoln on July 4, 1861; engaged in banking and in the insurance business until his death in Reading, Pa., on June 20, 1913; interment in Charles Evans Cemetery.

ANDERSEN, Herman Carl, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Newcastle, Kings County, Wash., January 27, 1897; moved with his parents to a farm near Tyler, Lincoln County, Minn., in 1901; attended the rural schools; attended the University of Washington and later the Naval Academy; engaged in cattle raising and agricultural pursuits 1919-1925 and as a civil engineer 1925-1930; resumed agricultural pursuits near Tyler, Minn., 1930-1938; member of the State house of representatives in 1935; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1939-January 3, 1963); unsuccessful candidate for renomination as an Independent in 1962 to the Eighty-eighth Congress; resided in Falls Church, Va.; died in Arlington, Va., July 26, 1978; cremated; ashes interred in Danebod Lutheran Cemetery, Tyler, Minn.

ANDERSON, Albert Raney, a Representative from Iowa; born in Adams County, Ohio, November 8, 1837; moved with his parents to Galesburg, Ill.; attended the common schools and Knox College, Galesburg, Ill.; moved to Taylor County, Iowa, in 1857; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1860 and commenced practice in Clarinda, Iowa; appointed postmaster of Clarinda by President Lincoln in 1861; resigned to enlist in the Union Army as a private in Company K, Fourth Regiment, Iowa Volunteer Infantry; promoted through the ranks to become major of his regiment; commissioned lieutenant colonel in 1865; mustered out in August 1865 and returned to Clarinda, Iowa; moved to Sidney, Iowa, in 1866; resumed the practice of law; assessor of internal revenue 1868-1871; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1872; district attorney 1876-1880; State railroad commissioner in 1881; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1882 to the Fortyeighth Congress; elected as an Independent Republican to the Fiftieth Congress (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1889); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1888 to the Fifty-first Congress; moved to Hot Springs, S.Dak., in 1892 and continued the practice of his profession; served as mayor of Hot Springs, Fall River County, S.Dak., in 1895 and 1896; elected State attorney of Fall River County November 8, 1898; died at Hot Springs, S.Dak., November 17, 1898; interment in Sidney Cemetery, Sidney, Iowa.

ANDERSON, Alexander Outlaw (son of Joseph Anderson), a Senator from Tennessee; born at ‘‘Soldiers’ Rest,’’ Jefferson County, Tenn., November 10, 1794; attended preparatory schools; graduated from Washington College at Greeneville, Tenn.; enlisted in the War of 1812 and fought in the Battle of New Orleans; studied law in Washington, D.C.; admitted to the bar in 1814 in Dandridge, Tenn., where he practiced law; later moved to Knoxville; superintendent of the United States land office in Alabama in 1836; government agent for removing the Indians from Alabama and Florida in 1838; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hugh L. White, and served from February 26, 1840, to March 3, 1841; was not a candidate for reelection; leader of an overland company which went to California in 1849; member of the State senate in 1850 and 1851; supreme court judge of California 1851-1853; returned to Tennessee in 1853; later practiced law in Washington, D.C., before the Court of Claims and before the Supreme Court of the United States; during the Civil War moved to Alabama and practiced law in Mobile and Camden; died in Knoxville, Tenn., May 23, 1869; interment in the Old Gray Cemetery. Bibliography: McKellar, Kenneth. ‘‘Alexander Outlaw Anderson,’’ in Tennessee Senators as Seen by One of their Successors. Kingsport, Tenn.: Southern Publishers, Inc., 1942, 222-230.

ANDERSON, Carl Carey, a Representative from Ohio; born in Bluffton, Allen County, Ohio, December 2, 1877; moved to Sandusky County in 1881 with his parents, who settled in Fremont; attended the common schools; became employed as a traveling salesman; moved to Fostoria, Seneca County, and engaged in the manufacture of underwear; elected mayor of Fostoria, Ohio, in 1905 and again in 1907, on each occasion for a term of two years; president of the city hospital board and director in a number of manufacturing enterprises; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-first and Sixty-second Congresses and served from March 4, 1909, until his death in an automobile accident near Fostoria, Ohio, October 1, 1912; interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Fremont, Ohio.

ANDERSON, Chapman Levy, a Representative from Mississippi; born near Macon, Noxubee County, Miss., March 15, 1845; attended the common schools in Jackson, Miss., and the University of Mississippi at Oxford; enlisted in the Confederate Army on March 5, 1862, as a private in the Thirty-ninth Regiment, Mississippi Volunteer Infantry; was promoted through the successive grades of noncommissioned officer until July 1864, when he was transferred to Bradford’s cavalry corps of scouts with the rank of second lieutenant, in which capacity he served until the close of the war; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1868 and commenced practice in Kosciusko, Miss.; mayor of Kosciusko, Miss., in 1875; member of the State house of representatives in 1879 and 1880; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887March 3, 1891); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1890; United States district attorney for the northern district of Mississippi in 1896 and 1897; engaged in the practice of law in Kosciusko, Miss., until his death, April 27, 1924; interment in Kosciusko Cemetery.

ANDERSON, Charles Arthur, a Representative from Missouri; born in St. Louis, Mo., September 26, 1899; attended the public schools; was graduated from St. Charles Military Academy in 1916 and from the law school of St. Louis University, LL.B., 1924; during the First World War served in the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Field Artillery, Thirty-fifth Division, from April 1, 1917, to July 2, 1919, with nineteen months service overseas; was admitted to the bar in 1924 and commenced practice in St. Louis, Mo.; prosecuting attorney of St. Louis County 1933-1937; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth and to the Seventy-sixth Congresses (January 3, 1937-January 3, 1941); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1940 to the Seventyseventh Congress; chairman of the Democratic State convention at St. Louis in 1940; resumed the practice of law in St. Louis, Mo., where he died April 26, 1977; interment in Sunset Burial Park.

ANDERSON, Charles Marley, a Representative from Ohio; born near Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa., January 5, 1845; moved to Ohio in 1855 with his parents, who settled in Darke County; attended the common schools; was graduated from the Lebanon Normal School, Lebanon, Ohio, in 1868; enlisted in the Union Army and served from March 15, 1861, in Company B, Seventy-first Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, until discharged on November 30, 1865; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1868 and commenced practice in Greenville, Ohio; manager of the Central Branch of the National Soldiers’ Home, Dayton, Ohio, for twenty years; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1887); was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1886; resumed the practice of law; Ohio State commissioner to the World’s Fair at Chicago in 1892 and 1893; died in Greenville, Ohio, December 28, 1908; interment in Greenville Cemetery.

ANDERSON, Clinton Presba, a Representative and a Senator from New Mexico; born in Centerville, Turner County, S.Dak., October 23, 1895; attended the public schools, Dakota Wesleyan University, Mitchell, S.Dak., and the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor; moved to Albuquerque, N.Mex., in 1917; newspaper reporter and editor in Albuquerque 1918-1922; engaged in the general insurance business at Albuquerque 1922-1946; served as treasurer of State of New Mexico 1933-1934; administrator of the New Mexico Relief Administration 1935; field representative of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration 1935-1936; chairman and executive director of the Unemployment Compensation Commission of New Mexico 1936-1938; managing director of the United States Coronado Exposition Commission 19391940; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-seventh and to the two succeeding Congresses, and served from January 3, 1941, until his resignation on June 30, 1945, having been appointed Secretary of Agriculture; served as Secretary of Agriculture from June 30, 1945, until his resignation May 10, 1948; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1948; reelected in 1954, 1960 and 1966, and served from January 3, 1949, to January 3, 1973; was not a candidate for reelection in 1972; chairman, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (Eighty-fourth and Eighty-sixth Congresses), Joint Committee on Construction of Building for Smithsonian (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-eighth Congresses), Joint Committee on Navaho-Hopi Indian (Eighty-fourth through the Ninety-second Congresses), Special Committee on Preservation of Senate Records (Eighty-fifth and Eighty-sixth Congresses), Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Eighty-seventh and Eighty-eighth Congresses), Special Committee on National Fuel Policy (Eighty-seventh Congress), Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences (Eighty-eighth through Ninety-second Congresses); returned to Albuquerque and retired from active pursuits; died November 11, 1975; interment in Fairview Memorial Park. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Anderson, Clinton P. Outsider in the Senate, Senator Clinton Anderson’s Memoirs. New York: World Publishing Company, 1970; Baker, Richard Allan. Conservation Politics: The Senate Career of Clinton P. Anderson. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1985.

ANDERSON, George Alburtus, a Representative from Illinois; born in Botetourt County, Va., March 11, 1853; moved to Illinois in 1855 with his parents, who settled in Hancock County; attended the common schools; was graduated from Carthage (Ill.) College in 1876; studied law in Lincoln, Nebr., and Sedalia, Mo.; was admitted to the bar in 1878 and commenced practice in Quincy, Ill., in 1880; unsuccessful candidate for city attorney of Quincy in 1883; elected city attorney in 1884 and again in 1885; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth Congress (March 4, 1887March 3, 1889); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1888; engaged in the practice of law until his death in Quincy, Ill., January 31, 1896; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery.

ANDERSON, George Washington, a Representative from Missouri; born in Jefferson County, Tenn., May 22, 1832; attended the public schools; was graduated from Franklin College, Tennessee; moved to St. Louis, Mo., in 1853; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Louisiana, Pike County, Mo., in 1854 and began the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives in 1859 and 1860; served in the State senate in 1862; during the Civil War was captain of Company A, Pike County (Missouri), Home Guards from June 12 to July 17, 1861, when he was elected colonel of the regiment, and served until the organization was disbanded on September 3, 1861; colonel of the Forty-ninth Regiment, Enrolled Missouri Militia, from August 13, 1862, to January 25, 1863, and from September 29 to December 1, 1864; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1869); chairman, Committee on Mileage (Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1868; resumed the practice of law; died while on a visit to his brother at Rhea Springs, Tenn., February 26, 1902; interment in Leuty Cemetery, near Rhea Springs.

ANDERSON, Glenn Malcolm, a Representative from California; born in Hawthorne, Los Angeles County, Calif., February 21, 1913; B.A., University of California, Los Angeles, Calif., 1936; real estate developer; United States Army; mayor of Hawthorne, Calif., 1940-1942; member of the California state assembly, 1942-1948; Lieutenant Governor of California, 1959-1967; chairman and member, State Lands Commission, Calif., 1959-1967; member, Board of Trustees of California state colleges, 1961-1967; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-first and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1969-January 3, 1993); chair, Committee on Public Works and Transportation (One Hundredth through One Hundred First Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination to the One Hundred Third Congress in 1992; died on December 13, 1994, in Los Angeles, Calif.; interment in Green Hills Cemetery, Rancho Palos Verdes, Calif.

ANDERSON, Hugh Johnston, a Representative from Maine; born in Wiscasset, Maine, May 10, 1801; attended the local schools; moved to Belfast, Maine, in 1815 and was employed as a clerk in the mercantile establishment of his uncle; clerk of the Waldo County courts 1824-1836; studied law; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1841); was not a candidate for reelection to the Twenty-seventh Congress in 1840; Governor of Maine 1844-1847; was a candidate for United States Senator in 1847 but subsequently withdrew; moved to Washington, D.C., and served as commissioner of customs in the United States Treasury Department 1853-1858; appointed head of the commission to reorganize and adjust the affairs of the United States Mint at San Francisco, Calif., in 1857; Sixth Auditor of the Treasury 1866-1869; retired from public life in 1880 and settled in Portland, Oreg., where he died May 31, 1881; interment in Grove Cemetery, Belfast, Maine.

ANDERSON, Isaac, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born at ‘‘Anderson Place,’’ in Charlestown Township, near Valley Forge, Chester County, Pa., November 23, 1760; as a mere youth was the carrier of dispatches between the headquarters of the Revolutionary Army under General Washington at Valley Forge and the Congress then in session at York; served three terms of service in the Revolutionary War before attaining the age of eighteen and ultimately became an ensign in the Fifth Battalion of Chester County Militia; commissioned on May 24, 1779, as first lieutenant, Fifth Battalion, Sixth Company; justice of the peace in Charlestown Township for several years; member of the Pennsylvania house of representatives in 1801; elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses (March 4, 1803-March 3, 1807); was not a candidate for renomination in 1806; engaged in agricultural pursuits and sawmilling; died at ‘‘Anderson Place,’’ Charlestown Township, Pa., October 27, 1838; interment in the family burying ground near Valley Forge, Schuylkill Township, Chester County, Pa.

ANDERSON, James Patton, a Delegate from the Territory of Washington; born near Winchester, Franklin County, Tenn., February 16, 1822; was graduated from Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., in 1842; moved to Kentucky; studied law at Montrose Law School, Frankfort, Ky.; was admitted to the bar and practiced in Hernando, Miss., from 1842 to 1846; raised a company of volunteers for the Mexican War; elected lieutenant colonel of the Second Battalion, Mississippi Rifles, and served in that capacity until the close of the war; member of the State house of representatives in 1850; appointed United States marshal for the Territory of Washington in 1853 and settled in Olympia; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855March 3, 1857); was not a candidate for renomination in 1856; appointed Governor of the Territory of Washington by President Buchanan in 1857, but declined the office; moved to his plantation, ‘‘Casabianca,’’ near Monticello, Fla., the same year; served in the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States; during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army as colonel of the First Regiment, Florida Infantry; appointed brigadier general February 10, 1862; promoted to major general February 17, 1864, and assigned to the command of the district of Florida; after the close of the war settled in Memphis, Tenn., and conducted a publication devoted to agriculture; collector of delinquent State taxes for Shelby County; died in Memphis, Tenn., September 20, 1872; interment in Elmwood Cemetery. Bibliography: Raab, James W. J. Patton Anderson, Confederate General: A Biography. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2004.

ANDERSON, John, a Representative from Maine; born in Windham, Maine, July 30, 1792; attended the common schools; was graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1813; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1816 and commenced practice in Portland, Maine; member of the State senate in 1823; elected to the Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses and elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Congresses (March 4, 1825March 3, 1833); chairman, Committee on Elections (Twentieth Congress), Committee on Naval Affairs (Twenty-second Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1832; mayor of Portland 1833-1836 and again in 1842; United States attorney for the district of Maine 1833-1836; collector of customs for the port of Portland 1837-1841 and 18431848; resumed the practice of law; died in Portland, Maine, August 21, 1853; interment in Town Cemetery (then a part of the farm of his ancestors) on River Road, Windham, Maine.

ANDERSON, John Alexander, a Representative from Kansas; born near Pigeon Creek, Washington County, Pa., June 26, 1834; attended public and private schools; was graduated from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, in 1853; ordained a Presbyterian minister in 1857 and began preaching in Stockton, Calif.; elected trustee of the State insane asylum in 1860; appointed chaplain of the Third Regiment, California Volunteer Infantry, in 1862; accompanied General Connor’s expedition to Salt Lake City in July 1862; mustered into the Federal service March 1863; resigned June 1863; California correspondent and agent of the United States Sanitary Commission 1863-1865; moved to Junction City, Kans., in 1868, where he erected the First Presbyterian Church, of which he was pastor for five years; regent of the University of Kansas in 1872 and 1873; president of the Kansas State Agricultural College 1873-1879; elected as a Republican to the Forty-sixth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1887); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1886 but was elected as an Independent Republican to the Fiftieth Congress and reelected as a Republican to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1891); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1890; appointed United States consul general to Cairo, Egypt, March 4, 1891, and remained there until shortly before his death in a hospital in Liverpool, England, May 18, 1892, en route to his home; interment in Highland Cemetery, Junction City, Kans.

ANDERSON, John Bayard, a Representative from Illinois; born in Rockford, Winnebago County, Ill., February 15, 1922; attended Rockford public schools; attended the University of Illinois at Urbana and graduated from the law school of the same university in 1946 and from Harvard University Law School in 1949; served on the faculty of Northeastern University School of Law in Boston, Mass., while attending Harvard; during the Second World War enlisted in the United States Army and served from 1943 to 1945 in the Field Artillery, ten months of which was in France and Germany; admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law in Rockford, Ill., in 1946; adviser on the staff of the United States High Commissioner for Germany, 1952-1955; elected State’s attorney of Winnebago County in 1956 and served in that position until 1960; political author; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh Congress and to the nine succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1961-January 3, 1981); chairman, Republican Conference, January 1969; was not a candidate for renomination in 1980 to the Ninety-seventh Congress; unsuccessful independent candidate for President of the United States in 1980; visiting professor at Stanford University, 1981, University of Illinois College of Law, 1981, Brandeis University, 1985, Bryn Mawr College, 1985, Oregon State University, 1986, University of Massachusetts, 1986, and Nova University, 1987; is a resident of Rockford, Ill. Bibliography: Kotche, James R. John B. Anderson, Congressman & Presidential Candidate. [Rockford, Ill.]: J. Kotche, 1981.

ANDERSON, John Zuinglius, a Representative from California; born in Oakland, Alameda County, Calif., March 22, 1904; moved with his parents to Santa Cruz, Calif., the same year, and to San Jose, Calif., in 1913, attended the public schools; was graduated from San Jose High School in 1923; moved to San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, Calif., in 1925 and engaged in agricultural pursuits and fruit growing; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1939-January 3, 1953); was not a candidate for renomination in 1952; member of board of directors of Bank of America; president of California Canning Pear Association and Pacific States Canning Pear Association; with Department of Agriculture in 1954 and 1955; administrative assistant to President Eisenhower from December 15, 1956, to January 20, 1961; member of staff of Veterans’ Affairs Committee, House of Representatives until June 30, 1962; retired; resided in Hollister, Calif., where he died February 9, 1981; cremated; ashes scattered at the top of Sonora Pass, Sierra Nevada Mountains.

ANDERSON, Joseph (father of Alexander Outlaw Anderson), a Senator from Tennessee; born near Philadelphia, Pa., November 5, 1757; studied law; served throughout the Revolutionary War and attained the rank of brevet major; was admitted to the bar and practiced in Delaware for several years; appointed United States judge of the Territory South of the Ohio River in 1791; member of the first constitutional convention of Tennessee; elected in 1797 to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term ending March 3, 1799, caused by the expulsion of William Blount; again elected December 12, 1798, to fill the vacancy in the term ending March 3, 1803, caused by the resignation of Andrew Jackson; reelected in 1803; appointed and subsequently reelected in 1809 for the ensuing term and served continuously from September 26, 1797, to March 3, 1815; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Eighth Congress; First Comptroller of the Treasury 1815-1836; lived in retirement until his death in Washington, D.C., on April 17, 1837; interment in the Congressional Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; McMillan, Fay E. ‘‘A Biographical Sketch of Joseph Anderson (1759-1837).’’ East Tennessee Historical Society’s Publications 2 (1930): 8193.

ANDERSON, Joseph Halstead, a Representative from New York; born in the town of Harrison, near White Plains, Westchester County, N.Y., August 25, 1800; attended the common schools; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State assembly in 1833 and 1834; sheriff of Westchester County 1835-1838; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1847); chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Twenty-ninth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1846; resumed farming pursuits; died in White Plains, N.Y., June 23, 1870; interment in a private burying ground at ‘‘Anderson Hill,’’ near White Plains, N.Y.

ANDERSON, Josiah McNair, a Representative from Tennessee; born near Pikeville, Bledsoe County, Tenn., November 29, 1807; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Jasper, Tenn.; member of the State house of representatives 18331837, serving as speaker; member of the State senate 18431845, serving as presiding officer; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1850 to the Thirty-second Congress; delegate from Tennessee to the peace convention of 1861, held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; colonel in the Tennessee State Militia 1861; was killed at Looneys Creek, near the present town of Whitwell, Marion County, Tenn., November 8, 1861, just after having made a secession speech; interment on a farm seven miles southeast of Dunlap, Sequatchie County, Tenn.

ANDERSON, LeRoy Hagen, a Representative from Montana; born in Ellendale, Dickey County, N.Dak., February 2, 1906; moved with his parents to Conrad, Mont., in 1909; Montana State College at Bozeman, B.S. 1927; postgraduate work in mathematics and physical chemistry in 1935-1938 at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena; wheat and cattle rancher; during the Second World War served as commander of armored task force in the European Theater of Operations in combat from Normandy to the Elbe River; separated from the service as a lieutenant colonel in 1945; awarded Silver Star Medal and Croix de Guerre Medal with Palm; major general in Army Reserve, commanding the Ninety-sixth Infantry Division Reserve 19481962; member of the State house of representatives in 1947 and 1948 and the State senate 1949-1956, serving as Democratic floor leader 1954-1956; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1954 to the Eighty-fourth Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-fifth and Eighty-sixth Congresses (January 3, 1957-January 3, 1961); was not a candidate for renomination in 1960 but was unsuccessful for the Democratic nomination for United States Senator; resumed engineering pursuits; member, Montana State senate, 19661970; was a resident of Conrad, Mont., until his death there on September 25, 1991.

ANDERSON, Lucien, a Representative from Kentucky; born near Mayfield, Graves County, Ky., June 23, 1824; attended the public schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1845 and commenced practice in Mayfield; presidential elector on the Whig ticket of Scott and Graham in 1852; member of the State house of representatives 18551857; elected as an Unconditional Unionist to the Thirtyeighth Congress (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1865); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1864; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1864; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Mayfield, Ky., October 18, 1898; interment in the Anderson family cemetery Bibliography: Hood, James Larry. ‘‘For the Union: Kentucky’s Uncondi- City, Mo., and thence to Lanesboro, Minn., and continued tional Unionist Congressmen and the Development of the Republican Party in Kentucky, 1863-1865.’’ Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 76 (July 1978): 197-215.

ANDERSON, Richard Clough, Jr., a Representative from Kentucky; born at ‘Soldiers’ Retreat,’ near Louisville, Ky., August 4, 1788; attended private schools; was graduated from William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va., in 1804; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Louisville; member of the State house of representatives in 1815; elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1821); chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Sixteenth Congress); declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1820; again a member of the State house of representatives, in 1821 and 1822, serving as speaker the latter year; appointed the first United States Minister to the Republic of Colombia January 27, 1823; took his leave June 7, 1823, having been commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Panama Congress of Nations, but died, en route to his post, in Turbaco, near Cartagena, Colombia, July 24, 1826; interment at ‘Soldiers’ Retreat,’ near Louisville, Ky. Bibliography: Rubenstein, Asa L. ‘‘Richard Clough Anderson, Nathaniel Massie, and the Impact of Government on Western Land Speculation and Settlement, 1774-1830.’’ Ph.D. diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1986.

ANDERSON, Samuel, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Middletown, Dauphin County, Pa., in 1773; completed preparatory studies; studied medicine; was admitted to practice in 1796; entered the United States Navy as assistant surgeon in 1799; promoted to the rank of surgeon in 1800; resigned his commission and in 1801 settled in Chester, Pa., where he practiced his profession; during the War of 1812, raised a body of volunteers known as the Mifflin Guards; commissioned captain on September 10, 1814; served in the Pennsylvania Militia and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the One Hundredth Regiment, Second Brigade, Third Division, on August 3, 1821; member of the State house of representatives 18151818 and 1823-1825; sheriff of Delaware County 1819-1823; again entered the naval service in 1823 as special physician but was soon forced to resign because of ill health; elected to the Twentieth Congress (March 4, 1827-March 3, 1829); again a member of the State house of representatives 18291835 and served as speaker in 1833; appointed inspector of customs in 1841; elected justice of the peace in 1846 and served until his death in Chester, Chester County, Pa., January 17, 1850; interment in Middletown Presbyterian Cemetery, near Media, Delaware County, Pa.

ANDERSON, Simeon H. (father of William Clayton Anderson), a Representative from Kentucky; born near Lancaster, Garrard County, Ky., March 2, 1802; pursued preparatory studies; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1823 and commenced practice in Lancaster, Ky.; member of the State house of representatives 1828, 1829, 1832, and 1836-1838; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth Congress and served from March 4, 1839, until his death near Lancaster, Garrard County, Ky., August 11, 1840; interment in the Anderson family cemetery.

ANDERSON, Sydney, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Zumbrota, Goodhue County, Minn., September 18, 1881; attended the common schools; was graduated from high school in 1899; attended Highland Park College, Des Moines, Iowa, and the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1903 and commenced practice in Minneapolis, Minn.; moved to Kansas the practice of law from 1904 to 1911; served as a private in Company D, Fourteenth Regiment, Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, during the Spanish-American War; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-second and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1911-March 3, 1925); chairman of the Congressional Joint Commission of Agricultural Inquiry in 1921 and 1922; declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1924 to the Sixty-ninth Congress; vice chairman of the research council of the National Transportation Institute at Washington, D.C., in 1923 and 1924; president of the Millers’ National Federation, Chicago, Ill., and Washington, D.C., 1924-1929; vice president, secretary, and, later, member of the board of directors of General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn., 1930-1948; president of the Transportation Association of America, Chicago, Ill., 1943-1948; died in Minneapolis, Minn., October 8, 1948; interment in Lakewood Cemetery.

ANDERSON, Thomas Lilbourne, a Representative from Missouri; born near Bowling Green, Green County, Ky., December 8, 1808; attended the rural schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1828 and commenced practice in Franklin, Simpson County, Ky.; moved in 1830 to Palmyra, Marion County, Mo., where he continued the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives 18401844; presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1844, 1848 and 1852; member of the State constitutional convention in 1845; elected as a candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fifth Congress and as an Independent Democrat to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1861); was not a candidate for renomination in 1860; resumed the practice of law in Marion County, Mo.; died in Palmyra, Mo., March 6, 1885; interment in the City Cemetery.

ANDERSON, Wendell Richard, a Senator from Minnesota; born in St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn., February 1, 1933; educated in the public schools of St. Paul; graduated, University of Minnesota 1954 and University of Minnesota Law School 1960; admitted to the Minnesota bar in 1960 and commenced practice in St. Paul; represented the United States in 1956 Olympic Games (hockey) at Cortina, Italy; served in the United States Army 1956-1957; member, Minnesota house of representatives 1959-1963; member, Minnesota senate 1963-1971; governor of Minnesota from 1971 until his resignation in 1976; member of the Democratic National Committee’s Executive Committee 1974-1975; Democratic National Convention Platform Committee chairman 1975; appointed on December 30, 1976, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Walter F. Mondale for the term ending January 3, 1979, and served from December 30, 1976, until his resignation December 29, 1978; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1978; is a resident of Wayzata, Minn.

ANDERSON, William, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Virginia in 1762; attended the common schools; during the Revolutionary War joined the Continental Army at the age of fifteen and served until the end of the war; was a major on the staff of General Lafayette and distinguished himself at Germantown and Yorktown; engaged in the hotel business as landlord of the Columbia House, Chester, Pa., in 1796; county auditor in 1804; county director of the poor in 1805; elected as a Republican to the Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Congresses (March 4, 1809-March 3, 1815); elected to the Fifteenth Congress (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1819); appointed an associate judge of the county court on January 5, 1826; resigned in 1828 to become an inspector of customs in Philadelphia and served until his death in Chester, Pa., December 16, 1829; interment in Old St. Paul’s Cemetery.

ANDERSON, William Black, a Representative from Illinois; born in Mount Vernon, Ill., April 2, 1830; attended the common schools; was graduated from McKendree College, Lebanon, Ill., in 1850; surveyor of Jefferson County in 1851; studied law; was admitted to the bar but never practiced; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives in 1856 and 1858; during the Civil War entered the Union Army as a private in the Sixtieth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry; commissioned lieutenant colonel of the regiment February 17, 1862, and colonel, April 4, 1863; brevetted brigadier general of Volunteers March 13, 1865; resigned December 26, 1864; member of the constitutional convention of Illinois in 1869; served in the State senate in 1871; elected as an Independent to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1877); was not a candidate for renomination in 1876; collector of internal revenue for the southern district of Illinois 18851889; United States pension agent in Chicago from November 9, 1893, to January 17, 1898; died in Chicago, Ill., August 28, 1901; interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Mount Vernon, Ill.

ANDERSON, William Clayton (son of Simeon H. Anderson and nephew of Albert Gallatin Talbott), a Representative from Kentucky; born in Lancaster, Garrard County, Ky., December 26, 1826; attended private schools and was graduated from Centre College, Danville, Ky., in 1845; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Lancaster; moved to Danville, Boyle County, in 1847 and continued the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives 1851-1853; presidential elector on the American Party ticket of Fillmore and Donaldson in 1856; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1856 to the Thirtyfifth Congress; elected as a candidate of the Opposition Party to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1861); was not a candidate for renomination in 1860; elected as a Unionist to the State house of representatives in 1861; died, during the session of the legislature, at Frankfort, Ky., December 23, 1861; interment in Bell View Cemetery, Danville, Ky. Bibliography: Anderson, William Clayton. Kentucky contested election case. [Washington: N.p., 1860].

ANDERSON, William Coleman, a Representative from Tennessee; born at Tusculum, near Greeneville, Greene County, Tenn., July 10, 1853; attended a rural school; was graduated from Tusculum College, Greeneville, Tenn., in 1876; moved to Newport, Tenn., in 1876; while studying law was assistant clerk of Cocke County 1877-1878; was admitted to the bar in 1878 and commenced practice in Newport; member of the State house of representatives 1881-1883; was a principal examiner in the General Land Office at Washington, D.C., 1889-1892; promoted to chief of the contest division February 1, 1892, but resigned August 7, 1892; chief of the General Land Office from November 23, 1892, until April 11, 1893; returned to Newport, Cocke County, in 1893 and resumed the practice of law; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1897); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1896; founder and editor of Plain Talk, a weekly newspaper published in Newport; member of the city council at the time of his death in Newport, Tenn., September 8, 1902; interment in Union Cemetery.

ANDERSON, William Robert, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Bakerville, Humphreys County, Tenn., June 17, 1921; attended the public schools in Waynesboro, Tenn.; graduated from Columbia Military Academy, Columbia, Tenn., 1939; graduated from the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., 1942; United States Navy, 19571962; participated in eleven submarine combat patrols in the Pacific; awarded the Bronze Star and other combat awards; commanding officer of the Nautilus, the first atomic submarine, 1957-1959; made the first transpolar voyage under ice; served as assistant to Vice Adm. H. J. Rickover; consultant to President Kennedy for the National Service Corps, 1963; author; elected as a Democrat to the Eightyninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1965-January 3, 1973); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninety-third Congress in 1972; business executive, Public Office Corporation, Washington, D.C.; is a resident of Alexandria, Va.

ANDRESEN, August Herman, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Newark, Kendall County, Ill., October 11, 1890; attended the public schools; moved with his parents to Grand Forks, N.Dak., in 1900, to Eagle Grove, Iowa, in 1902, and to Red Wing, Goodhue County, Minn., in 1905, attending the local schools in each place; was graduated from Red Wing (Minn.) Seminary, and from St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minn., in 1912; special investigator for the Minnesota Department of Weights and Measures 1912-1915; was graduated from the St. Paul (Minn.) College of Law; was admitted to the bar in 1914 and commenced practice in Red Wing in 1915; member of the Minnesota Home Guards in 1918 and 1919; interested in financial and business enterprises and also engaged in agricultural pursuits; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1925-March 3, 1933); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932 to the Seventy-third Congress; elected to the Seventy-fourth and to the eleven succeeding Congresses, and served from January 3, 1935, until his death in Bethesda, Md., January 14, 1958; chairman, Select Committee on Commodity Exchanges (Eightieth Congress); interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Red Wing, Minn.

ANDREW, Abram Piatt, Jr., a Representative from Massachusetts; born in La Porte, La Porte County, Ind., February 12, 1873; attended the public schools and the Lawrenceville (N.J.) School; was graduated from Princeton College in 1893; member of the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 1893-1898; pursued postgraduate studies in the Universities of Halle, Berlin, and Paris; moved to Gloucester, Mass., and was instructor and assistant professor of economics at Harvard University 1900-1909; expert assistant and editor of publications of the National Monetary Commission 1908-1911; director of the Mint 1909 and 1910; Assistant Secretary of the Treasury 1910-1912; served in France continuously for four and a half years during the First World War, first with the French Army and later with the United States Army; commissioned major, United States National Army, in September 1917 and promoted to lieutenant colonel in September 1918; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Willfred W. Lufkin; reelected to the Sixtyeighth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from September 27, 1921, until his death; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1924 and 1928; member of the board of trustees of Princeton University 1932-1936; died in Gloucester, Mass., June 3, 1936; remains were cremated and the ashes scattered from an airplane flying over his estate at Eastern Point, Gloucester, Mass.

ANDREW, Benjamin, a Delegate from Georgia; born in Dorchester, S.C., in 1730; moved to Georgia in 1754 and became a planter in St. John’s Parish; president of State Executive Council in 1777; elected as a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1780; associate justice for the County of Liberty for several terms; died in Liberty County, Georgia, about 1799.

ANDREW, John Forrester, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Hingham, Plymouth County, Mass., November 26, 1850; attended private schools in Hingham and the Phillips School and Brooks School in Boston; was graduated from Harvard University in 1872 and from Harvard Law School in 1875; was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1875 and commenced practice in Boston; member of the State house of representatives 1880-1882; served in the State senate in 1884 and 1885; commissioner of parks for Boston 1885-1890 and again in 1894; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor in 1886; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first and Fifty-second Congresses (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1893); chairman, Committee on Reform in the Civil Service (Fifty-second Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1892 to the Fifty-third Congress; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Boston, Mass., May 30, 1895; interment in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass.

ANDREWS, Arthur Glenn, a Representative from Alabama; born in Anniston, Calhoun County, Ala., January 15, 1909; attended the Birmingham public schools; graduated from Phillips High School and Mercersburg Academy; Princeton University, A.B., 1931; associated with National City Bank of New York, 1931-1933; International Business Machines, 1933-1936; district manager of an Eastman Kodak subsidiary, 1936-1946, and in advertising, 1946-1970; candidate for State house of representatives in 1956 and for secretary of state in 1958; delegate, Republican National Convention, 1964; elected as a Republican to the Eightyninth Congress (January 3, 1965-January 3, 1967); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1966 to the Ninetieth Congress; Republican Fourth District Chairman, Alabama; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1970 to the Ninetysecond Congress; trustee in bankruptcy court, 1973-1985.

ANDREWS, Charles, a Representative from Maine; born in Paris, Oxford County, Maine, February 11, 1814; attended the district school; was graduated from Hebron (Maine) Academy; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1837 and commenced practice in Turner, Androscoggin County, Maine; returned to Paris, Maine; member of the State house of representatives 1839-1843, serving as speaker in 1842; became clerk of the courts for Oxford County, Maine, on January 1, 1845, and served three years; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore in 1848; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second Congress and served from March 4, 1851, until his death in Paris, Maine, April 30, 1852; interment in Hillside Cemetery.

ANDREWS, Charles Oscar, a Senator from Florida; born in Ponce de Leon, Holmes County, Fla., March 7, 1877; attended the public schools and the South Florida Military Institute at Bartow, Fla.; graduated from the Florida State Normal School at Gainesville, Fla., in 1901 and the University of Florida at Gainesville in 1907; during the SpanishAmerican War served in the Florida National Guard; captain in the Florida National Guard 1903-1905; secretary of the Florida State senate 1905-1907 and 1909-1911; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1907 and commenced practice in De Funiak Springs, Fla.; judge of the criminal court of record of Walton County, Fla. 1910-1911; assistant attorney general of Florida 1912-1919; circuit judge of the seventeenth judicial circuit 1919-1925; general counsel of the Florida Real Estate Commission 1925-1928; member of the State house of representatives in 1927; attorney for Orlando, Fla. 1926-1929; State supreme court commissioner 1929-1932; elected on November 3, 1936, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Park Trammell; was reelected in 1940 and served from November 4, 1936, until his death in Washington, D.C., on September 18, 1946; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Seventy-ninth Congress), Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Seventy-ninth Congress), Special Committee on Reconstruction of the Senate Roof and Skylights (Seventy-ninth Congress); interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Orlando, Fla. Bibliography: U.S. Congress. Memorial Services for Charles Oscar Andrews. 80th Cong., 1st sess., 1953. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1949.

ANDREWS, Elizabeth Bullock (wife of George William Andrews), a Representative from Alabama; born Leslie Elizabeth Bullock in Geneva, Ala., February 12, 1911; attended Geneva public schools; B.S., Montevallo College, Montevallo, Ala., 1932; teacher; elected as a Democrat by special election to the Ninety-second Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, United States Representative George W. Andrews (April 4, 1972-January 3, 1973); was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-third Congress in 1972; died on December 2, 2002, in Birmingham, Ala.; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Union Springs, Ala.

ANDREWS, George Rex, a Representative from New York; born in Ticonderoga, Essex County, N.Y., September 21, 1808; attended the common schools and was graduated from the Albany Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1836 and commenced the practice of law in Ticonderoga; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); moved to Oshkosh, Wis., in 1852 and engaged in the timber and lumber business; died in Oshkosh, Wis., December 5, 1873; interment in Riverside Cemetery.

ANDREWS, George William (husband of Elizabeth Bullock Andrews), a Representative from Alabama; born in Clayton, Barbour County, Ala., December 12, 1906; attended the public schools; was graduated from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1928; was admitted to the bar in 1928 and commenced practice in Union Springs, Ala.; district attorney for the third judicial circuit of Alabama 1931-1943; during the Second World War served as a lieutenant (jg.) in the United States Naval Reserve from January 1943 until his election to Congress, at which time he was serving at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Henry B. Steagall; reelected to the fourteen succeeding Congresses and served from March 14, 1944, until his death in Birmingham, Ala., December 25, 1971; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Union Springs, Ala.

ANDREWS, Ike Franklin, a Representative from North Carolina; born in Bonlee, Chatham County, N.C., September 2, 1925; attended the public schools; Fork Union Military Academy, Fork Union, Va., 1941-1942; B.S., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1950; LL.B., same university, 1952; served in the United States Army, field artillery forward observer, 1943-1945, attained the rank of master sergeant, received Bronze Star and Purple Heart; admitted to the North Carolina Bar in 1972 and commenced practice in Pittsboro; State senator, 1959; State representative, 1961, 1967, 1969, and 1971; elected as a Democrat to the Ninetythird and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1973-January 3, 1985); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninety-ninth Congress; is a resident of Cary, N.C.

ANDREWS, John Tuttle, a Representative from New York; born near Schoharie Creek, Greene County, N.Y., May 29, 1803; moved with his parents in 1813 to Reading, near Dundee, Yates County; attended the district school and also was privately tutored; taught school for several years; engaged in mercantile pursuits in Irelandville and Watkins; justice of the peace and sheriff of Steuben County in 1836 and 1837; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1839); was not a candidate for renomination in 1838; after his term in Congress retired from active business and settled in Dundee, N.Y.; again engaged in mercantile pursuits, from 1866 until 1877, when he again retired from business pursuits to care for his personal estate; died in Dundee, N.Y., June 11, 1894; interment in Hillside Cemetery, Dundee, N.Y.

ANDREWS, Landaff Watson, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Flemingsburg, Fleming County, Ky., February 12, 1803; attended the public schools; was graduated from the law department of Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., in 1826; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Flemingsburg; prosecuting attorney of Fleming County 1829-1839; member of the State house of representatives 1834-1838; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1843); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1842 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; served in the State senate as an independent candidate in 1857; again elected a member of the State house of representatives, in 1861, and served until 1862, when he resigned; judge of the circuit court 1862-1868; resumed the practice of law in Flemingsburg, Ky., where he died December 23, 1887; interment in Fleming County Cemetery.

ANDREWS, Mark, a Representative and a Senator from North Dakota; born in Cass County, N.Dak., May 19, 1926; attended the public schools; served in the United States Army 1944-1946; cadet at United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., until receiving a disability discharge in 1946; graduated, North Dakota State University, Fargo 1949; farmer and operator of a cattle feeding lot; director, Garrison Conservancy District 1955-1964; member and past president of North Dakota Crop Improvement Association; Republican national committeeman 1958-1962; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-eighth Congress, by special election, October 22, 1963, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hjalmar Nygaard; reelected to the eight succeeding Congresses and served from October 22, 1963, to January 3, 1981; was not a candidate for reelection in 1980 to the House of Representatives, but was elected to the United States Senate and served from January 3, 1981, to January 3, 1987; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Select Committee on Indian Affairs (Ninety-eighth and Ninetyninth Congresses); a director of Tenneco, Inc.; established a government consulting firm in Washington, D.C.; is a resident of Mapleton, N.Dak. Bibliography: Fenno, Richard F. When Incumbency Fails: The Senate Career of Mark Andrews. Washington: CQ Press, 1992.

ANDREWS, Michael Allen, a Representative from Texas; born in Houston, Harris County, Tex., February 7, 1944; graduated from Arlington Heights High School, Fort Worth, Tex., 1962; B.A., University of Texas, Austin, 1967; J.D., Southern Methodist University, School of Law, Dallas, Tex., 1970; admitted to the Texas bar, 1971; lawyer, private practice; law clerk for United States district court judge for the Southern District of Texas, 1971-1972; assistant district attorney, Harris County, Tex., 1972-1976; private practice of law, 1976-1983; elected as a Democrat to the Ninetyeighth and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1983-January 3, 1995); was not a candidate for reelection in 1994, but was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate.

ANDREWS, Robert Ernest, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Camden, Burlington County, N.J., August 4, 1957; graduated from Triton High School, Runnemeade, N.J., 1975; B.S., Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa., 1979; J.D., Cornell Law School, Ithaca, N.Y., 1982; freeholder, Camden County, N.J., 1986-1990; freeholder director, Camden County, N.J., 1988-1990; elected as a Democrat by special election to the One Hundred First Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Representative James Florio, reelected to the seven succeeding Congresses (November 6, 1990-present).

ANDREWS, Samuel George, a Representative from New York; born in Derby, Conn., October 16, 1796; attended the public schools and a classical academy in Chester, Conn.; moved to New York in 1815 with his parents, who settled in Rochester; became engaged in the mercantile business; clerk of the State assembly in 1831 and 1832; clerk of Monroe County 1834-1837; member of the board of aldermen in 1838; secretary of the State senate in 1840 and 1841; clerk of the court of errors for two years; appointed postmaster of Rochester on January 8, 1842, and served until July 18, 1845, when his successor was appointed; mayor of Rochester in 1846 and again in 1850; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); engaged in the milling business; died in Rochester, N.Y., June 11, 1863; interment in Mount Hope Cemetery.

ANDREWS, Sherlock James, a Representative from Ohio; born in Wallingford, New Haven County, Conn., November 17, 1801; attended Cheshire Academy, Connecticut; was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1821; studied law at the New Haven (Conn.) Law School; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 1825; prosecuting attorney of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 1830; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1842; resumed the practice of law in Cleveland; judge of the superior court of Cleveland 1848-1850; delegate to the second and third State constitutional conventions in 1849 and 1873; member of the village council of Cleveland, Ohio; died in Cleveland, Ohio, February 11, 1880; interment in Lakeview Cemetery.

ANDREWS, Thomas Hiram, a Representative from Maine; born in Brockton, Plymouth County, Mass., March 22, 1953; graduated from Oliver Ames High School, North Easton, Mass., 1971; B.A., Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, 1976; executive director, Maine Association of Handicapped Persons; member, Maine state house of representatives, 1983-1985; member, Maine state senate, 1985-1990; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Second and One Hundred Third Congresses (January 3, 1991-January 3, 1995); was not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundredth Fourth Congress in 1994, but was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate; is a resident of South Portland, Maine.

ANDREWS, Walter Gresham, a Representative from New York; born in Evanston, Cook County, Ill., July 16, 1889; moved with his parents to Buffalo, N.Y., in 1902; attended the public schools of Buffalo, N.Y.; was graduated from the Lawrenceville (N.J.) Academy in 1908 and from the law department of Princeton University, in 1913; coach of the Princeton University football team in 1913 and 1915; served on the Mexican border as a private, Troop I, First New York Cavalry, in 1916; commissioned second lieutenant, Machine Gun Group, First New York Cavalry, in 1917; served in France with the One Hundred and Seventh United States Infantry, Twenty-seventh Division; promoted to major; superintendent and central sales manager, Pratt & Lambert, Inc., Buffalo, N.Y., 1914-1925; supervisor of the fifteenth federal census for the seventh district of New York in 1929 and 1930; director of the Buffalo General Hospital; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-second and to the eight succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1931-January 3, 1949); chairman, Committee on Armed Services (Eightieth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1948; died at Daytona Beach, Fla., March 5, 1949; interment in Old Fort Niagara Cemetery, Youngstown, N.Y.

ANDREWS, William Ezekiel, a Representative from Nebraska; born near Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa, December 17, 1854; became an orphan in early youth; worked as a farm hand, and attended the country schools in the winter; was graduated from Simpson College, Indianola, Iowa, in 1874, and from Parsons College, Fairfield, Iowa, in 1875; was elected superintendent of schools of Ringgold County in 1879; member of the faculty of Hastings (Nebr.) College from January 1, 1885, to January 1, 1893; elected vice president of Hastings College in 1889 and president of the Nebraska State Teachers’ Association in 1890; served as private secretary to the Governor of Nebraska in 1893 and 1894; was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1892 to the Fifty-third Congress; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1897); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1896 to the Fiftyfifth Congress; auditor for the Treasury Department, Washington, D.C., 1897-1915; elected to the Sixty-sixth and Sixtyseventh Congresses (March 4, 1919-March 3, 1923); chairman, Committee on the Election of President, Vice President, and Representatives (Sixty-seventh Congress); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1922 to the Sixtyeighth Congress; lived in Washington, D.C., until his death there on January 19, 1942; interment in Parkview Cemetery, Hastings, Nebr.

ANDREWS, William Henry, a Delegate from the Territory of New Mexico; born in Youngsville, Warren County, Pa., January 14, 1846; attended the public schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits at Cincinnati, Ohio, and at Meadville and Titusville, Pa., 1880-1890; was also a builder of railroads; president of the Santa Fe Central Railway Co.; chairman of the Republican State committee of Pennsylvania 1889-1891; member of the State house of representatives 1889-1893; served in the State senate in 1895; moved to the Territory of New Mexico in 1900 and engaged in the mining business in Sierra County; was a member of the Territorial council in 1903 and 1904; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth, Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses and served from March 4, 1905, to January 7, 1912, when, pursuant to law, his term expired, the Territory of New Mexico having been admitted as a State into the Union and the Representative-elect having qualified; became engaged in the development of oil in the southern part of New Mexico in 1912; died in Carlsbad, Eddy County, N.Mex., January 16, 1919; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery, Titusville, Crawford County, Pa.

ANDREWS, William Noble, a Representative from Maryland; born in Hurlock, Dorchester County, Md., November 13, 1876; attended the public schools of the county and Dixon College; was graduated from Wesley Collegiate Institute, Dover, Del., in 1898 and from the law department of the University of Maryland at Baltimore in 1903; was admitted to the bar in 1903 and commenced the practice of law in Cambridge, Md.; served as State attorney for Dorchester County from 1904 to 1911; member of the State house of delegates in 1914; served in the State senate from 1918 until 1919, when he resigned to enter Congress; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1919March 3, 1921); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920 to the Sixty-seventh Congress; resumed the practice of law in Cambridge, Md., until his death there on December 27, 1937; interment in Washington Cemetery, Hurlock, Md.

ANDRUS, John Emory, a Representative from New York; born in Pleasantville, Westchester County, N.Y., February 16, 1841; attended the local schools, and Charlotteville Seminary in Schoharie County, N.Y.; was graduated from Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in 1862; taught school in New Jersey for four years; engaged in the manufacture of medicine in Yonkers, N.Y.; president of the New York Pharmaceutical Association, and of the Palisade Manufacturing Co. of Yonkers, Westchester County; trustee of Wesleyan University; mayor of Yonkers in 1903; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1905-March 3, 1913); was not a candidate for renomination in 1912; resumed his former business pursuits in Yonkers, N.Y., until his death there on December 26, 1934; interment in Kensico Cemetery, Valhalla, N.Y. Bibliography: Morrill, George P. Multimillionaire Straphanger: A Life of John Emory Andrus. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1971.

ANFUSO, Victor L’Episcopo, a Representative from New York; born in Gagliano Castelferrato, Sicily, Italy, March 10, 1905; immigrated to the United States in 1914 and settled in Brooklyn, N.Y.; attended elementary and Commercial High School in Brooklyn, N.Y.; preparatory courses at Columbia University in 1926 and 1927; was graduated from St. Lawrence University Law School (now Brooklyn Law School) in 1927; was admitted to the bar in 1928 and commenced the practice of law in New York City; during the Second World War served with the Office of Strategic Services in the Mediterranean Theater 1943-1945; special assistant to the Commissioner of Immigration 1944-1946; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-second Congress (January 3, 1951-January 3, 1953); did not seek renomination in 1952; appointed city magistrate of Brooklyn, N.Y., in February 1954 and resigned in July 1954 to run for Congress; elected to the Eighty-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1955-January 3, 1963); was not a candidate for renomination in 1962 to the Eighty-eighth Congress; elected a judge in the State Supreme Court in New York in 1962; died in New York City, December 28, 1966; interment in St. Johns Cemetery, Middle Village, N.Y.

ANGEL, William G., a Representative from New York; born in New Shoreham, Block Island, R.I., July 17, 1790; moved with his parents to Litchfield, Otsego County, N.Y., in 1792; attended the common schools; began the study of medicine in 1807; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Burlington, N.Y., in 1817; elected to the Nineteenth Congress (March 4, 1825-March 3, 1827); elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first and Twentysecond Congresses (March 4, 1829-March 3, 1833); resumed the practice of law in Hammondsport, Steuben County, N.Y.; member of the State constitutional convention of 1846; was elected judge of Allegany County in 1847; died in Angelica, Allegany County, N.Y., on August 13, 1858; interment in Until the Day Dawn Cemetery.

ANGELL, Homer Daniel, a Representative from Oregon; born on a farm near The Dalles, Wasco County, Oreg., January 12, 1875; attended the public schools; was graduated from the University of Oregon at Eugene in 1900 and from the law school of Columbia University, New York City, in 1903; was admitted to the New York and Oregon bars the same year and commenced practice in Portland, Oreg.; member of the State house of representatives in 1929, 1931, and 1935; served in the State senate in 1937 and 1938, resigning to become a candidate for Congress; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1939-January 3, 1955); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1954; retired but remained active in community activities for over a decade; died in Portland, Oreg., March 31, 1968; interment in Portland Memorial Indoor Cemetery.

ANKENY, Levi, a Senator from Washington; born near St. Joseph, Buchanan County, Mo., August 1, 1844; crossed the plains to Oregon in 1850 with his parents and settled in Portland; attended the rural schools and Kingsley Academy, Portland, Oreg.; engaged in business in Lewiston, Orofino, and Florence, Idaho; interested in the cattle business; first mayor of Lewiston; moved to Walla Walla, Wash., and engaged in banking; appointed a member of the Pan American Exposition Commission and became its chairman; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate, and served from March 4, 1903, to March 3, 1909; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1908; chairman, Committee on Coast and Insular Survey (Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Irrigation (Fifty-ninth Congress), Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation (Sixtieth Congress); engaged in banking in Walla Walla, Wash., until his death on March 29, 1921; interment in Masonic Cemetery.

ANNUNZIO, Frank, a Representative from Illinois; born in Chicago, Cook County, Ill., January 12, 1915; graduated from Crane Technical High School, Chicago, Ill.; B.S., DePaul University, Chicago, Ill., 1940; M.A., DePaul University, Chicago, Ill., 1942; teacher, Chicago public schools, 1936-1943; assistant supervisor of the National Defense Program at Austin High School, 1942-1943; educational representative of the United Steelworkers of America, 19431948; chairman, War Ration Board 40-20, 1943-1945; Advisory Committee to Illinois Industrial Commission on Health and Safety, 1944-1949; Advisory Committee on Unemployment Compensation, 1944-1949; director of labor, State of Illinois, 1949-1952; elected as a Democrat to the Eightyninth and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1965-January 3, 1993); chairman, Committee on House Administration (Ninety-eighth through One Hundred First Congresses), Joint Committee on Printing (Ninety-eighth and One Hundredth Congresses), Joint Committee on the Library (Ninety-ninth and One Hundred First Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1992 to the One Hundred Third Congress; was a resident of Chicago, Ill.; died on April 8, 2001, in Chicago, Ill.; interment in Queen of Heaven Cemetery, Chicago, Ill.

ANSBERRY, Timothy Thomas, a Representative from Ohio; born in Defiance, Defiance County, Ohio, December 24, 1871; attended the public schools; was graduated from the University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Ind., in June 1893; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Defiance, Ohio; justice of the peace 1893-1895; prosecuting attorney of Defiance County 1895-1903; was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1904 to the Fifty-ninth Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1907, until January 9, 1915, when he resigned to accept a judicial position; chairman, Committee on Elections No. 1 (Sixty-second Congress); appointed associate judge of the Ohio Court of Appeals, in which capacity he served until his resignation in 1916; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions at San Francisco in 1920 and at New York in 1924; moved to Washington, D.C., in 1916 and engaged in the practice of law until his death; died in New York City, July 5, 1943; interment in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Washington, D.C.

ANSORGE, Martin Charles, a Representative from New York; born in Corning, Steuben County, N.Y., January 1, 1882; attended the public schools and the College of the City of New York; was graduated from Columbia College in 1903 and from the Columbia Law School in 1906; was admitted to the bar in 1906 and commenced practice in New York City; chairman of the Triborough Bridge Committee 1918-1921; unsuccessful Republican candidate for election to Congress in 1912, 1914, and 1916; declined the Republican nomination for Congress in 1918; during the First World War enlisted in the Motor Transport Corps; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1921-March 3, 1923); unsuccessfully contested the election in 1922 of Royal H. Weller to the Sixty-eighth Congress; unsuccessful candidate for judge of the court of general sessions of New York City in 1924; unsuccessful candidate for justice of the supreme court of New York in 1927 and in 1928; resumed the practice of law in New York City; director of United Air Lines 1934-1961; engaged in general practice of law; died in New York City, February 4, 1967; interment in Temple Israel Cemetery, Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y.

ANTHONY, Beryl Franklin, Jr., a Representative from Arkansas; born in El Dorado, Union County, Ark., February 21, 1938; attended the Union County public schools; graduated, El Dorado High School, 1956; B.S., B.A., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 1961; J.D., same university, 1963; admitted to the Arkansas bar in 1963 and commenced practice in El Dorado; assistant attorney general, 1964-1965; deputy prosecuting attorney, Union County, Ark., 1966-1970; prosecuting attorney, 13th Judicial District, 1971-1976; legal counsel, Anthony Forest Products Co., 1977; private practice of law, 1977; delegate to Arkansas State Democratic conventions, 1964-1978; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1979-January 3, 1993); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1992 to the One Hundred Third Congress; is a resident of El Dorado, Ark.

ANTHONY, Daniel Read, Jr., a Representative from Kansas; born in Leavenworth, Kans., August 22, 1870; attended the public schools, the Michigan Military Academy at Orchard Lake, and the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor; studied law; was admitted to the bar but did not practice extensively; engaged in newspaper work; appointed postmaster of Leavenworth, Kans., on June 22, 1898, and served until June 30, 1902, when a successor was appointed; mayor of Leavenworth 1903-1905; became manager and editor of the Leavenworth Daily Times in 1904; elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles Curtis; reelected to the Sixty-first and to the nine succeeding Congresses and served from May 23, 1907, to March 3, 1929; chairman, Committee on Appropriations (Seventieth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1928; resumed his former business pursuits; died in Leavenworth, Kans., August 4, 1931; interment in Mount Muncie Cemetery.

ANTHONY, Henry Bowen, a Senator from Rhode Island; born in Coventry, R.I., April 1, 1815; attended a private school in Providence, R.I.; graduated from Brown University in 1833; editor of the Providence Journal in 1838, and afterwards became one of its owners; elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1849 and reelected in 1850; declined to be a candidate for renomination; resumed editorial pursuits; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1858, reelected in 1864, 1870, 1876 and 1882, and served from March 4, 1859, until his death in Providence, R.I., on September 2, 1884; President pro tempore of the Senate (Forty-first to Forty-third Congresses); chairman, Republican Conference (Thirty-seventh to Forty-eighth Congresses), Committee on Printing (Thirty-seventh to Forty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Forty-second and Forty-eighth Congresses); interment in Swan Point Cemetery in Providence. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; U.S. Congress. Memorial Addresses for Henry B. Anthony. 48th Cong., 2nd sess. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1885.

ANTHONY, Joseph Biles, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 19, 1795; attended the public schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; member of the State senate 1830-1833; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1837); appointed judge of the ‘Nichelson court’; engaged in the sale of titles to large tracts of lands in Pennsylvania; was elected president judge of the eighth district in 1844 and served until his death in Williamsport, Lycoming County, Pa., January 10, 1851; interment in Williamsport Cemetery.

ANTONY, Edwin Le Roy, a Representative from Texas; born in Waynesboro, Burke County, Ga., January 5, 1852; moved with his parents to Texas in 1859 and settled in Brazoria County; moved to Milam County in 1867; attended the common schools, and was graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1873; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1874 and commenced practice in Cameron, Tex.; prosecuting attorney of Milam County 1876, being also ex officio district attorney for his county; was appointed special judge during the illness of the regular district judge in 1886; member of the board of aldermen of Cameron 18901892; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Roger Q. Mills, and served from June 14, 1892, to March 3, 1893; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1892; resumed the practice of law in Cameron, Tex.; died in Dallas, Tex., January 16, 1913; interment in Oakland Cemetery.

APLIN, Henry Harrison, a Representative from Michigan; born in Thetford Township, Genesee County, Mich., April 15, 1841; moved with his parents to Flint, Mich., in 1848; attended the public schools; enlisted July 3, 1861, in Company C, Sixteenth Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry; served until July 16, 1865, with the rank of second lieutenant; returned to Michigan and engaged in mercantile pursuits at Wenona (now West Bay City); postmaster of West Bay City from November 1869 to June 1886; served as township clerk and township treasurer, each for three years; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1884; elected auditor general of the State in 1886 and 1888; interested in the construction of the electric railways of West Bay City and served as general manager until 1891; member of the Michigan house of representatives in 1894 and 1895; was again appointed postmaster of West Bay City and served from October 1, 1898, to June 1902; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-seventh Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Rousseau O. Crump (October 15, 1901-March 3, 1903); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1902; engaged in agricultural pursuits and was also interested in the manufacture of ice; died in West Bay City, Mich., July 23, 1910; interment in Elm Lawn Cemetery, Bay City, Mich.

APPLEBY, Stewart Hoffman (son of Theodore Frank Appleby), a Representative from New Jersey; born in Asbury Park, Monmouth County, N.J., May 17, 1890; attended the public schools of Asbury Park, and Mercersburg Academy; was graduated from Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J., in 1913; engaged in the real estate and insurance business; organized and served as vice president of the First National Bank of Avon-by-the-Sea, N.J.; during the First World War enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on May 17, 1917, and served until May 17, 1921; commissioned a captain in the United States Marine Corps Reserve on November 24, 1925; elected as a Republican to the Sixtyninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his father, Representative-elect T. Frank Appleby, and served from November 3, 1925, to March 3, 1927; was not a candidate for renomination in 1926; during the Second World War served in the United States Coast Guard, being discharged in September 1945 as a coxswain; retired to Hallandale, Fla.; died in Miami, Fla., January 12, 1964; interment in Arlington National Cemetery, Fort Myer, Va.

APPLEBY, Theodore Frank (father of Stewart Hoffman Appleby), a Representative from New Jersey; born in Old Bridge, Middlesex County, N.J., October 10, 1864; moved with his parents to Asbury Park, N.J., in 1875; attended the public schools and Pennington (N.J.) Seminary; was graduated from Fort Edwards Collegiate Institute, Glens Falls, N.Y., in 1885; engaged in the real estate and insurance business; member of the Asbury Park Board of Education 1887-1897; member of the State board of education 1894-1902; delegate to the Republican National Convention at St. Louis in 1896; member of the city council 1899-1906; mayor of Asbury Park 1908-1912; member of the Monmouth County Board of Taxation 1917-1920; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1921-March 3, 1923); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1922 to the Sixty-eighth Congress; had been elected to the Sixtyninth Congress but died in Baltimore, Md., December 15, 1924, before the commencement of the congressional term; interment in Chestnut Hill Cemetery, Old Bridge, N.J.

APPLEGATE, Douglas Earl, a Representative from Ohio; born in Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohio, March 27, 1928; attended the public schools; graduated, Steubenville High School, 1947; engaged in real estate business; served in the Ohio house of representatives, 1961-1969; Ohio senate, 1969-1976; delegate to Democratic National Convention, 1964; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1977-January 3, 1995); not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Fourth Congress.

APPLETON, John, a Representative from Maine; born in Beverly, Mass., February 11, 1815; was graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1834; studied law at the Cambridge Law School; was admitted to the Cumberland bar in 1837 and commenced practice in Portland, Maine; engaged in editorial work on the Eastern Argus and became editor in 1838; register of probate for Cumberland County, Maine, 1840 and 1842-1844; chief clerk of the Navy Department 1845-1848 and of the Department of State from January 26 to April 25, 1848; Minister to Bolivia from March 30, 1848, to May 4, 1849; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1853); was not a candidate for reelection in 1852; resumed the practice of law; secretary of the legation in London from February 19 to November 16, 1855; Assistant Secretary of State from April 4, 1857, to June 8, 1860; Minister to Russia from June 1860 to June 7, 1861, when he resigned; died in Portland, Maine, August 22, 1864; interment in Evergreen Cemetery. Bibliography: Gold, David M. ‘‘John Appleton of Maine and Commercial Law: Freedom, Responsibility, and Law in the Nineteenth Century Marketplace.’’ Law and History, Review, spring 1986, 55-69.

APPLETON, Nathan (cousin of William Appleton), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in New Ipswich, N.H., October 6, 1779; attended the common schools, the local academy in New Ipswich, N.H., and Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H.; clerked in his brother’s importing house in Boston; one of the founders of the cotton-mill industry of Waltham, Mass.; also one of the founders of the city of Lowell in 1821; served in the Massachusetts house of representatives in 1815, 1816, 1821, 1823, 1824, and 1827; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-second Congress (March 4, 1831-March 3, 1833); was not a candidate for renomination in 1832 to the Twenty-third Congress; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Robert C. Winthrop, and served until his resignation on September 28, 1842 (June 9, 1861-September 28, 1842); engaged in mercantile pursuits; died in Boston, Mass., July 14, 1861; interment in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass. Bibliography: Gregory, Francis W. Nathan Appleton, Merchant and Entrepreneur, 1779-1861. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1975.

APPLETON, William (cousin of Nathan Appleton), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Brookfield, Mass., November 16, 1786; attended schools in New Ipswich, N.H., Francestown, N.H., and Tyngsboro, Mass.; worked in a country store at Temple, Hillsboro County, N.H., when fifteen years of age; moved to Boston in 1807; engaged in mercantile pursuits; president of the Boston Branch of the United States Bank 1832-1836; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses (March 4, 1851March 3, 1855); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Congress and for election in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress; elected as a Constitutional Unionist to the Thirty-seventh Congress and served from March 4, 1861, to September 27, 1861, when he resigned because of failing health; died at Longwood (Brookline), Mass., February 15, 1862; interment in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass.

APSLEY, Lewis Dewart, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Northumberland, Pa., September 29, 1852; moved with his parents to Lock Haven, Clinton County, Pa., in 1861; attended public and private schools; moved to Philadelphia and engaged in business; early identified himself with the rubbergoods trade; moved to Massachusetts in 1877 and became a manufacturer of rubber clothing in Hudson in 1885; president of the Apsley Rubber Co., succeeded by the Firestone Apsley Rubber Co.; president of the Hudson Board of Trade and a director of the Hudson National Bank; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1897); chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Fifty-fourth Congress); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1896; resumed his former business pursuits in Hudson, Mass.; served two terms as vice chairman of the Republican National Congressional Committee; died in Colon, Panama, April 11, 1925; interment in Forestvale Cemetery, Hudson, Mass.

ARCHER, John (father of Stevenson Archer [1786-1848] and grandfather of Stevenson Archer [1827-1898]), a Representative from Maryland; born near Churchville, Harford (then Baltimore) County, Md., May 5, 1741; attended the West Nottingham Academy in Cecil County and was graduated from Princeton College in 1760; studied theology, but owing to a throat affection abandoned the same and began the study of medicine; was graduated as a physician from the College of Philadelphia in 1768, receiving the first medical diploma issued on the American continent; commenced the practice of his profession in Harford County in 1769; member of the Revolutionary committee 1774-1776; raised a military company during the Revolution; member of the first State constitutional convention of 1776; served in the State house of delegates 1777-1779; during the Revolutionary War was aide-de-camp to Gen. Anthony Wayne at Stony Point; June 1, 1779, was made a captain and subsequently a major in the Continental Army; elected as a Republican to the Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Congresses (March 4, 1801-March 3, 1807); founded with his son, Dr. Thomas Archer, the medical and chirurgical faculty of Maryland in 1799; died at his country home, ‘Medical Hall,’ near Churchville, Harford County, Md., September 28, 1810; interment in the Presbyterian Cemetery, Churchville, Md.

ARCHER, Stevenson (son of John Archer and father of Stevenson Archer [1827-1898]), a Representative from Maryland; born at ‘Medical Hall,’ near Churchville, Harford County, Md., October 11, 1786; attended Nottingham Academy, Maryland, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1805; studied law; was admitted to the bar of Harford County in 1808 and commenced practice the same year; member of the State house of delegates 1809-1810; elected as a Republican to the Twelfth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Montgomery; reelected to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Congresses and served from October 26, 1811, to March 3, 1817; chairman, Committee on Claims (Thirteenth Congress), Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy (Fourteenth Congress); paymaster to the Fortieth Maryland Militia during the War of 1812; appointed on March 5, 1817, by President Madison as United States judge for the Territory of Mississippi, with powers of Governor, holding court at St. Stephens; resigned within a year and returned to Maryland and practiced law; elected to the Sixteenth Congress (March 4, 1819-March 3, 1821); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy (Sixteenth Congress); appointed chief judge of the judicial circuit court of Baltimore and Harford Counties and Baltimore city in 1823; in 1844 was appointed by Governor Pratt as chief justice of the Maryland Court of Appeals and served until his death at ‘Medical Hall,’ near Churchville, Harford County, Md., June 26, 1848; interment in the Presbyterian Cemetery, Churchville, Md.

ARCHER, Stevenson (son of Stevenson Archer [17861848] and grandson of John Archer), a Representative from Maryland; born at ‘Medical Hall,’ near Churchville, Harford County, Md., February 28, 1827; attended Bel Air Academy, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1848; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1850 and commenced practice the same year; member of the State house of delegates in 1854; elected as a Democrat to the Fortieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1875); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1874; engaged in the practice of his chosen profession in Bel Air, Md., until his death on August 2, 1898; interment in the Presbyterian Cemetery, Churchville, Md.

ARCHER, William Reynolds, Jr., a Representative from Texas; born in Houston, Harris County, Tex., March 22, 1928; attended private schools in Houston and Rice University, 1945-1946; B.B.A. and LL.B., University of Texas, Austin, 1946-1951; admitted to the Texas Bar in 1951 and commenced practice in Houston; served in the United States Air Force, captain, during Korean Conflict, 1951-1953; president, Uncle Johnny Mills, Inc., 1953-1961; councilman and mayor pro tem, city of Hunters Creek Village, Tex., 19551962; director, Heights State Bank, 1967-1970; member, Texas house of representatives, 1967-1970; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-second and to the fourteen succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1971-January 3, 2001); chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (One Hundred Fourth through One Hundred Sixth Congresses); was not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Seventh Congress.

ARCHER, William Segar (nephew of Joseph Eggleston), a Representative and a Senator from Virginia; born at ‘‘The Lodge,’’ Amelia County, Va., March 5, 1789; received private instruction; graduated from William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va., in 1806; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1810 and practiced in Amelia and Powhatan Counties; served four terms in the State house of delegates between 1812 and 1819; elected to the Sixteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James Pleasants; reelected to the Seventeenth and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1820-March 3, 1835); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1834 to the Twenty-fourth Congress; chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Twenty-first through Twenty-third Congresses); elected as a Whig to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1841, to March 3, 1847; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1846; chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses), Committee on Naval Affairs (Twenty-seventh Congress); resumed the practice of law; died at ‘‘The Lodge,’’ in Amelia County, Va., March 28, 1855; interment in a private cemetery at ‘‘The Lodge.’’ Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography.

ARENDS, Leslie Cornelius, a Representative from Illinois; born in Melvin, Ford County, Ill., September 27, 1895; attended public and high schools and Oberlin (Ohio) College; during the First World War served in the United States Navy in 1918 and 1919; engaged in agricultural pursuits and banking; in 1935 became member of the Ford County (Ill.) Farm Bureau and in 1938 a member of the board of trustees of the Illinois Wesleyan University at Bloomington; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-fourth Congress; reelected to the nineteen succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1935, until his resignation December 31, 1974; minority whip (Seventy-eighth and Seventy-ninth Congresses, Eighty-first and Eighty-second Congresses, and Eighty-fourth through Ninety-third Congresses), majority whip (Eightieth Congress and Eighty-third Congress); was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fourth Congress in 1974; died on July 17, 1985, in Naples, Fla.; interment in Melvin Cemetery, Melvin, Ill.

ARENS, Henry Martin, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Westphalia, Germany, November 21, 1873; attended the public schools and an agricultural school in Germany; immigrated to the United States in 1889 and settled near Jordan, Scott County, Minn.; engaged in agricultural pursuits in 1903; member of the board of aldermen of Jordan, Minn., 1905-1913; served on the board of education 1913-1919; one of the organizers of Land O’ Lakes Creamery in 1920 and a member of the board of directors for twelve years and vice president 1927-1933; member of the State house of representatives 1919-1923; served in the State senate 1923-1929; Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota 1929-1931; elected as a Farmer-Laborite to the Seventy-third Congress (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1935); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1934 to the Seventy-fourth Congress and for election in 1936 to the Seventy-fifth Congress; resumed agricultural pursuits; unsuccessful candidate in 1942 for the Farmer-Labor nomination for United States Senator; retired from active business in 1944; died in Jordan Minn., October 6, 1963; interment in Calvary Cemetery.

ARENTZ, Samuel Shaw (Ulysses), a Representative from Nevada; born in Chicago, Ill., January 8, 1879; attended the public and high schools; was graduated from the Chicago Manual Training School in 1897 and from the South Dakota School of Mines at Rapid City in 1904; member of the South Dakota National Guard at Rapid City 19011904; moved to Ludering, Lyon County, Nev., in 1907, and to Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1912, and was engaged as surveyor, assessor, miner, and timberman in Bear Gulch and Butte, Mont., Bingham Canyon and Stockton, Utah, and the Lake Superior copper country; mining engineer and superintendent of mines in Idaho, Utah, Arizona, and Nevada; chief engineer of railway companies in Nevada; consulting engineer of the United States Bureau of Mines; captain of Engineers, United States Army, during the First World War; moved to a ranch in Lyon County, Nev., near Simpson, in 1917; also engaged in mining and irrigation projects; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1921-March 3, 1923); was not a candidate for renomination but was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1922 primary election for the Republican nomination for United States Senator; elected to the Sixty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1925-March 3, 1933); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932 to the Seventythird Congress; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1928 and 1932; again engaged as a rancher near Simpson; also resumed mining activities in Nevada and Utah; died in Reno, Nev., where he had gone to receive medical treatment, on June 17, 1934; interment in Mountain View Cemetery, Reno, Nev.

ARMEY, Richard Keith, a Representative from Texas; born in Cando, Towner County, N. Dak., July 7, 1940; graduated from Cando High School, Cando, N. Dak., 1958; B.A., Jamestown College, Jamestown, N. Dak., 1963; M.A., University of North Dakota, Grand Folks, N. Dak., 1964; Ph.D., University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla., 1968; professor, University of Montana, Missoula, Mont.; assistant professor, West Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, Canyon, Tex.; assistant professor, Austin College, Sherman, Tex.; faculty and administrator, University of North Texas, Denton, Tex.; distinguished fellow of the Fisher Institute, Dallas, Tex.; elected as a Republican to the Ninetyninth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1985-January 3, 2003); majority leader (One Hundred Fourth through One Hundred Seventh Congresses); not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Eighth Congress in 2002. Bibliography: Armey, Richard K. Armey’s Axioms: 40 Hard-earned Truths from Politics, Faith, and Life. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2003.

ARMFIELD, Robert Franklin, a Representative from North Carolina; born near Greensboro, Guilford County, N.C., July 9, 1829; attended the common schools and was graduated from Trinity College, Durham, N.C.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1845 and began practice in Yadkinville, N.C.; enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861; served as lieutenant and later as lieutenant colonel of the Thirty-eighth Regiment of North Carolina State troops during the Civil War; moved to Statesville, N.C., and continued the practice of law; State solicitor for the sixth district in 1862 while on furlough from the Army; member of the State senate in 1874 and 1875, serving as president in 1874; Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina in 1875 and 1876; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1883); was not a candidate for renomination in 1882; resumed the practice of law; appointed and subsequently elected judge of the superior court and served from 1889 until January 1, 1895, when he retired; died in Statesville, Iredell County, N.C., November 9, 1898; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

ARMSTRONG, David Hartley, a Senator from Missouri; born in Nova Scotia, Canada, October 21, 1812; attended Maine Wesleyan Seminary; taught school in New Bedford, Mass. 1833-1837; moved to St. Louis, Mo., in 1837, and then to Lebanon, Ill., where he taught at McKendree College; returned to Missouri and was principal of the public school at Benton 1838-1847; comptroller of St. Louis 18471850; postmaster of St. Louis 1854-1858; member of the board of police commissioners 1873-1876; served as a member of the board of freeholders which framed the charter of St. Louis in 1876; was appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lewis V. Bogy, and served from September 29, 1877, to January 26, 1879, when a successor was elected and qualified; was not a candidate for reelection in 1879; died in St. Louis, Mo., March 18, 1893; interment in Bellefontaine Cemetery.

ARMSTRONG, James (son of John Armstrong [17171795] and brother of John Armstrong, Jr., [1758-1843]), a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa., August 29, 1748; attended the Philadelphia Academy and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University); studied medicine in Dr. John Morgan’s School in Philadelphia and was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1769; commenced the practice of medicine in Winchester, Frederick County, Va.; was a medical officer during the Revolutionary War; pursued medical studies in London, England, for three years; returned to Carlisle, Pa., in 1788; moved to Mifflin County, Pa., and practiced medicine there for twelve years; was appointed an associate judge; elected to the Third Congress (March 4, 1793-March 3, 1795); was not a candidate for renomination in 1794; returned to Carlisle in 1796 and continued the practice of his profession; appointed as an associate judge of the Cumberland County Court and served from September 12, 1808, until his death in Carlisle, Pa., May 6, 1828; interment in the Old Carlisle Cemetery.

ARMSTRONG, John (father of James Armstrong and John Armstrong, Jr. [1758-1843]), a Delegate from Pennsylvania; born in Brookbor, County Fermanagh, Ireland, October 13, 1717; attended school in Ireland, and became a civil engineer; immigrated to the United States and settled in Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa.; was presented a medal by the city of Philadelphia for destroying the Kittanning Indian towns, September 8, 1756; rendered distinguished service in the Continental Army, was commissioned a brigadier general in 1776, and served until April 4, 1777; appointed a major general of the Pennsylvania State Militia and served throughout the Revolutionary War, with the exception of the term of his congressional service; Member of the Continental Congress 1779-1780; died in Carlisle, Pa., March 9, 1795; interment in Old Carlisle Cemetery. Bibliography: Crist, Robert G. ‘‘John Armstrong, Sr.: Proprietary Man.’’ Ph.D. diss., Pennsylvania State University, 1981.

ARMSTRONG, John, Jr. (son of John Armstrong [17171795] and brother of James Armstrong), a Delegate from Pennsylvania and a Senator from New York; born in Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa., November 25, 1758; attended Princeton College but left college to enter the Revolutionary Army; secretary of state of Pennsylvania 1783-1787; adjutant general for several years; Member of the Continental Congress 1787-1788; moved to Dutchess County, N.Y., in 1789 and settled near Lexington Manor; elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term ending March 3, 1801, caused by the resignation of John Laurance; reelected in 1801, and served from November 6, 1800, to February 5, 1802, when he resigned; was next appointed to the Senate to fill the vacancy in the term ending March 3, 1807, caused by the resignation of his successor, De Witt Clinton; subsequently elected to fill the vacancy in the term ending March 3, 1809, caused by the resignation of Theodorus Bailey, and served from November 10, 1803, until June 30, 1804, when he again resigned to enter the diplomatic service; Minister to France 1804-1810; also acted as Minister to Spain 1806; during the War of 1812 was commissioned brigadier general; Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President James Madison 1813-1814; engaged in literary pursuits; died in Red Hook, Dutchess County, N.Y., April 1, 1843; interment in Rhinebeck Cemetery, Rhinebeck, N.Y. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Skeen, C. Edward. John Armstrong, Jr., 1758-1843: A Biography. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1981.

ARMSTRONG, Moses Kimball, a Delegate from the Territory of Dakota; born in Milan, Erie County, Ohio, September 19, 1832; attended Huron Institute and Western Reserve College, Cleveland, Ohio; moved to the Territory of Minnesota in 1856; elected surveyor of Mower County, and assigned to survey the United States lands in 1858; moved to Yankton, then a small Indian village, in Dakota Territory, when Minnesota Territory was admitted as a State; was a member of the first Territorial house of representatives in 1861; reelected in 1862 and 1863, serving as speaker in 1863; edited the Dakota Union in 1864; appointed clerk of the supreme court in 1865; elected to the Territorial council in 1866 and in 1867 was chosen president; acted as secretary of the Indian peace commission in 1867; established the great meridian and standard lines for United States surveys in southern Dakota and in the northern Red River Valley; again elected to the Territorial council, in 1869; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-second and Fortythird Congresses (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1875); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress; moved to St. James, Watonwan County, Minn., and engaged in banking and in the real estate business; died in Albert Lea, Minn., on January 11, 1906; interment in Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis, Minn. Bibliography: Fleetwood, Mary. ‘‘Moses K. Armstrong.’’ North Dakota History 28 (Winter 1961): 13-22.

ARMSTRONG, Orland Kay, a Representative from Missouri; born in Willow Springs, Howell County, Mo., October 2, 1893; Drury College, Springfield, Mo., A.B., 1916; Cumberland University Law School, Lebanon, Tenn., LL.B., 1922; University of Missouri School of Journalism at Columbia, bachelor of journalism, M.A. in journalism, 1925; was admitted to the bar in 1922, but did not practice; teacher of English and public speaking at Southwest Baptist College, Bolivar, Mo., in 1916 and 1917; during the First World War served from private to lieutenant in the United States Army Air Corps 1917-1919; Y.M.C.A. welfare representative in France in 1919 and 1920; established department of journalism at University of Florida at Gainesville in 1925 and served as director 1925-1928; author, magazine writer, and newspaper correspondent; secretary of Missouri Century of Progress Commission 1930, 1932; delegate to Republican State conventions, 1932-1945, 1950, 1952, and 1966; delegate to Republican National Conventions in 1944 and 1952; member of the State house of representatives 1932-1936 and 1942-1944; member of editorial staff of Reader’s Digest from 1944 until his death; member of the staff of the United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Civil Service in 1947 and 1948; elected as a Republican to the Eightysecond Congress (January 3, 1951-January 3, 1953); was not a candidate for renomination in 1952; was a resident of Springfield, Mo., until his death there April 15, 1987; interment in Greenlawn Cemetery.

ARMSTRONG, William, a Representative from Virginia; born in Lisburn, County Antrim, Ireland, December 23, 1782; immigrated to the United States in 1792 with his parents, who settled in Virginia; studied law in Winchester; United States tax collector in 1818 and 1819; member of the State house of delegates in 1822 and 1823; elected to the Nineteenth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1825-March 3, 1833); engaged in the tavern business in Romney, W.Va., until 1862; died in Keyser, W.Va., May 10, 1865; interment in Indian Mound Cemetery, Romney, W.Va.

ARMSTRONG, William Hepburn, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Williamsport, Lycoming County, Pa., September 7, 1824; attended the common schools, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1847; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Williamsport, Pa.; served in the State house of representatives in 1860 and 1861; declined a commission as president judge of the twenty-sixth judicial circuit of Pennsylvania in 1862; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1871); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1870 to the Forty-second Congress; declined the office of commissioner of Indian affairs tendered by President Grant; commissioner of railroads 1882-1885; resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, Pa., until 1898, when he retired from active business pursuits; moved to Wilmington, Del., where he died on May 14, 1919; interment in Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery.

ARMSTRONG, William Lester, a Representative and a Senator from Colorado; born in Fremont, Dodge County, Nebr., March 16, 1937; attended the public schools, Tulane University 1954-1955, and the University of Minnesota 1956; served in the United States Army National Guard 19571963; president of a radio station in Aurora, Colo.; banker; State representative 1963-1964; State senator 1965-1972; State senate majority leader 1969-1972; elected in 1972 as a Republican to the Ninety-third Congress; reelected to the Ninety-fourth and Ninety-fifth Congresses (January 3, 1973January 3, 1979); was not a candidate in 1978 for reelection to the House of Representatives, but was elected to the United States Senate; reelected in 1984, and served from January 3, 1979, to January 3, 1991; not a candidate for reelection in 1990; chairman, Republican Policy Committee (Ninety-ninth through One Hundred First Congresses); is a resident of Littleton, Colo.

ARNELL, Samuel Mayes, a Representative from Tennessee; born at Zion Settlement, near Columbia, Maury County, Tenn., May 3, 1833; attended Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Columbia; member of the constitutional convention of Tennessee in 1865; served in the State house of representatives in 1865 and 1866; upon the readmission of the State of Tennessee to representation was elected as an Unconditional Unionist to the Thirty-ninth Congress; reelected as a Republican to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses and served from July 24, 1866, to March 3, 1871; chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Fortieth Congress), Committee on Education and Labor (Forty-first Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1870; resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C.; returned to Columbia, Tenn.; postmaster of Columbia 1879-1884; superintendent of schools 1884-1886; died in Johnson City, Washington County, Tenn., July 20, 1903; interment in Monte Vista Cemetery.

ARNOLD, Benedict (brother-in-law of Matthias J. Bovee), a Representative from New York; born in Amsterdam, Montgomery County, N.Y., October 5, 1780; attended the common schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits and also was an extensive landowner and philanthropist; supervisor of Amsterdam 1813-1816; member of the State assembly in 1816 and 1817; elected to the Twenty-first Congress (March 4, 1829-March 3, 1831); was not a candidate for reelection in 1830; president of the board of trustees of the village of Amsterdam in 1832; did not resume active business pursuits, but lived in retirement until his death in Amsterdam, N.Y., March 3, 1849; interment in Green Hill Cemetery.

ARNOLD, Isaac Newton, a Representative from Illinois; born in Hartwick, Otsego County, N.Y., November 30, 1815; attended the district and select schools and Hartwick Seminary; taught school in Otsego County 1832-1835; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1835 and commenced practice in Cooperstown, Otsego County, N.Y.; moved to Chicago, Ill., in 1836 and continued the practice of law; was elected as city clerk of Chicago in 1837, but had served only a short time when he resigned to devote his entire efforts to his law practice; delegate to the Democratic State convention in 1842; member of the State house of representatives in 1842 and 1843; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1844; delegate to the Free-Soil National Convention at Buffalo in 1848; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1855 and was an unsuccessful candidate for speaker; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination to Congress in 1858; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1865); chairman, Committee on Roads and Canals (Thirty-eighth Congress); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1864; during the Civil War acted as aide to Colonel Hunter at the Battle of Bull Run; served as Sixth Auditor of the United States Treasury, Washington, D.C., from April 29, 1865, to September 29, 1866, when he resigned; resumed the practice of law and also engaged in literary pursuits; died in Chicago, Ill., April 24, 1884; interment in Graceland Cemetery.

ARNOLD, Jonathan (father of Lemuel Hastings Arnold and great-great-grandfather of Theodore Francis Green), a Delegate from Rhode Island; born in Providence, R.I., December 3, 1741; studied medicine and practiced; member of the general assembly of Rhode Island from Providence in 1776; served in the Revolutionary Army as surgeon; director of the Army hospital in Providence; Member of the Continental Congress 1782-1783; moved to St. Johnsbury, Vt., in 1787 and engaged in agricultural pursuits; appointed a member of the Governor’s council; was appointed judge of Orange County and served until his death in St. Johnsbury, Caledonia County, Vt., February 1, 1793; interment in Mount Pleasant Cemetery.

ARNOLD, Laurence Fletcher, a Representative from Illinois; born in Newton, Jasper County, Ill., June 8, 1891; attended the public and high schools of his native city and the University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.; studied law; engaged in banking and in the wholesale hay and grain business at Newton, Ill., in 1916; served in the State house of representatives 1923-1927 and 1933-1937; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at New York in 1924; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth, Seventy-sixth, and Seventy-seventh Congresses (January 3, 1937-January 3, 1943); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1942 to the Seventy-eighth Congress and for election in 1950 to the Eighty-second Congress; resumed former business interests; president, Peoples State Bank; died in Newton, Ill., December 6, 1966; interment in Westlawn Memorial Park Cemetery.

ARNOLD, Lemuel Hastings (son of Jonathan Arnold and great-great-uncle of Theodore Francis Green), a Representative from Rhode Island; born in St. Johnsbury, Vt., January 29, 1792; was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1811; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1814 and commenced practice in Providence, R.I.; engaged in manufacturing and mercantile pursuits in 1821; member of the State house of representatives, 1826-1831; Governor of Rhode Island in 1831 and 1832; member of the executive council during the Dorr Rebellion in 1842 and 1843; unsuccessful candidate for United States Senator in 1845; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1847); was not a candidate for renomination in 1846; moved to South Kingstown, R.I. in 1847 and continued the practice of law until his death on June 27, 1852; interment in Swan Point Cemetery, Providence, R.I.

ARNOLD, Marshall, a Representative from Missouri; born at Cook Settlement, near Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo., October 21, 1845; attended the common schools; professor at Arcadia College in 1870 and 1871; deputy clerk of the circuit, county, and probate courts of St. Francois County, Mo.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1872 and commenced practice in Commerce, Scott County, Mo.; prosecuting attorney of Scott County 1873-1876; member of the State house of representatives 1877-1879; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses (March 4, 1891-March 3, 1895); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Benton, Scott County, Mo., and died there June 12, 1913; interment in Benton Cemetery.

ARNOLD, Peleg, a Delegate from Rhode Island; born in Smithfield, R.I., June 10, 1751; attended the common schools and Brown University, Providence, R.I.; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; elected deputy to the general assembly of Rhode Island, serving from October 1777 to October 1778 and from May 1782 to May 1783; colonel of the Second Regiment of Providence County Militia in 1780; Member of the Continental Congress 1787-1788; keeper of the ‘Peleg Arnold Tavern,’ at Smithfield, R.I.; Assistant Governor of Rhode Island in 1790; incorporator of the Providence Society for the Abolition of Slavery in 1790; unsuccessful Anti-Federalist candidate for election to the Fourth Congress in 1794 and also an unsuccessful Republican candidate for election to the same Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Benjamin Bourne in 1796; chief justice of the supreme court of Rhode Island from June 1795 to June 1809 and again from May 1810 to May 1812; president of the Smithfield Union Bank in 1803; president of Smithfield Academy in 1810; again served as deputy to the general assembly of Rhode Island from October 1817 to May 1819; died in Smithfield, R.I., February 13, 1820; interment in Union Cemetery, opposite the Friends Meeting House, in Union Village, near Woonsocket, R.I.

ARNOLD, Samuel, a Representative from Connecticut; born in Haddam, Conn., June 1, 1806; attended the local academy at Plainfield, Conn., and Westfield Academy, Massachusetts; devoted most of his life to agricultural pursuits; acquired a controlling interest in a stone quarry and became owner of a line of schooners operating between New York and Philadelphia; was, also, for a number of years, president of the Bank of East Haddam; member of the State house of representatives in 1839, 1842, 1844, and again in 1851; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1858; resumed agricultural pursuits and quarrying; died in Haddam, Middlesex County, Conn., May 5, 1869; interment in a mausoleum on his estate near Haddam.

ARNOLD, Samuel Greene (granduncle of Theodore Francis Green), a Senator from Rhode Island; born in Providence, R.I., April 12, 1821; received his early education under private tutors; graduated from Brown University, Providence, R.I., in 1841 and from the law department of Harvard University in 1845; admitted to the bar in 1845; lawyer and historian; trustee of Brown University 18481880; elected lieutenant governor of Rhode Island in 1852 and served as Acting Governor; member of the peace commission held at Washington, D.C. in 1861 in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; again elected lieutenant governor in 1861 and 1862; during the Civil War organized a company of light artillery which went to Washington, D.C., and was mustered into the Union Army; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James F. Simmons and served from December 1, 1862, to March 3, 1863; returned to historical research; president of the Rhode Island Historical Society 1868-1880; died in Providence, R.I., February 14, 1880; interment in Swan Point Cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Arnold, Samuel Greene. History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. 2 vols. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1859-1860; Arnold, Samuel Greene. The Life of Patrick Henry of Virginia. Auburn, NY: Miller, Orton & Milligan, 1854.

ARNOLD, Samuel Washington (Wat), a Representative from Missouri; born on a farm near Downing, Schuyler County, Mo., September 21, 1879; attended the Coffey, Mo., rural schools and was graduated from Kirksville (Mo.) State Teachers College in 1902; taught school in the Coffey, Mo., school district in 1896; superintendent of the public schools in Middletown, Mo., in 1901 and 1902 and in Atlanta, Mo., in 1903; employed in the St. Louis, Mo., internal revenue office in 1904; engaged in the retail lumber business at Atlanta, Mo., 1905-1908; moved to Kirksville, Mo., in 1908 and organized the Arnold Lumber Co.; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth, Seventy-ninth, and Eightieth Congresses (January 3, 1943-January 3, 1949); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1948 to the Eighty-first Congress, for election in 1950 to the Eighty-second Congress, and in 1952 to the Eighty-third Congress; retired from political and business activities in 1952; died in Kirksville, Mo., December 18, 1961; interment in Maple Hills Cemetery.

ARNOLD, Thomas Dickens, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Spotsylvania County, Va., May 3, 1798; moved with his parents to Knox County, Tenn., in 1808; was tutored privately; at the age of fourteen enlisted as a drummer boy in the War of 1812; taught school in Knox and Grainger Counties; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1820 and commenced practice in Knoxville, Tenn.; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-second Congress (March 4, 1831-March 3, 1833); an attempt was made by Morgan A. Heard to assassinate him on May 14, 1832, as he descended the west steps of the Capitol; was made brigadier general of the Tennessee Militia in 1836; moved to Greeneville, Tenn.; elected as a Whig to the Twentyseventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); chairman, Committee on Claims (Twenty-seventh Congress); was not a candidate for reelection to the Twenty-eighth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Greeneville; died while attending court in Jonesboro, Washington County, Tenn., May 26, 1870; interment in Oak Grove Cemetery, Greeneville, Tenn.

ARNOLD, Warren Otis, a Representative from Rhode Island; born in Coventry, Kent County, R.I., June 3, 1839; attended the common schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits at Coventry from 1857 to 1864; was a manufacturer of cotton goods in Chepachet and Westerly, R.I., until 1866, when he began the manufacture of woolen goods; elected as a Republican to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1891); was a candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress, but as neither candidate received a majority the general assembly ordered a new election, in which he declined to be a participant; elected to the Fifty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1897); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1896; continued his former manufacturing pursuits until his death in Westerly, Washington County, R.I., April 1, 1910; interment in Acotes Hill Cemetery, Chepachet, R.I.

ARNOLD, William Carlile, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Luthersburg, Clearfield County, Pa., July 15, 1851; attended the public schools and Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Clearfield County, Pa., June 18, 1875, and practiced in Curwensville and Du Bois, Clearfield County, Pa.; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1899); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1898 to the Fifty-sixth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Clearfield County, Pa.; died in Muskegon, Mich., while on a business trip to that city, March 20, 1906; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Curwensville, Pa.

ARNOLD, William Wright, a Representative from Illinois; born in Oblong, Crawford County, Ill., October 14, 1877; attended the country schools of his native county and Austin College, Effingham, Ill.; was graduated from the law department of the University of Illinois at Urbana in 1901; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced the practice of law in Robinson, Crawford County, Ill.; was continuously engaged in the practice of his chosen profession until elected to Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Sixtyeighth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1923, until his resignation, effective September 16, 1935, having been appointed July 29, 1935, a member of the United States Board of Tax Appeals (now the Tax Court of the United States); reappointed in 1944 and served until his retirement June 30, 1950; owned and operated two large farms; director of the Second National Bank, Farmers and Producers Bank, and the First National Bank of Robinson; died in Robinson, Ill., November 23, 1957; interment in New Cemetery.

ARNOT, John, Jr., a Representative from New York; born in Elmira, Chemung County, N.Y., March 11, 1831; educated at private schools in his native city; entered Yale College, but left before graduation to enter business; upon the death of his father became engaged in banking in Elmira; president of the village 1859-1864; president of the board of trustees of the village of Elmira in 1859, 1860, and 1864; during the Civil War served as Army paymaster with the rank of major in Elmira; when the village of Elmira was chartered as a city, was elected mayor in 1864, 1870, and 1874; declined the proffered nomination as Democratic candidate for Congress in 1882, but accepted nomination at a subsequent convention; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1883, until his death in Elmira, N.Y., November 20, 1886; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery.

ARRINGTON, Archibald Hunter (uncle of Archibald Hunter Arrington Williams), a Representative from North Carolina; born near Nashville, Nash County, N.C., November 13, 1809; attended the local academy at Hilliardston and Louisburg (N.C.) College; studied law; was a large landowner, extensively engaged in planting; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1845); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1844 to the Twenty-ninth Congress; was a supporter of the Confederacy and a member of the secession convention in 1861; member of the First Confederate Congress in 1861; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1863 to the Second Confederate Congress; delegate to the Union National Convention at Philadelphia in 1866; chairman of the court of common pleas and quarter sessions for Nash County in 1866 and 1867; county commissioner in 1868; engaged in the management of his estate; died at his country home near Nashville, Nash County, N.C., July 20, 1872; interment in the family graveyard on his plantation.

ARTHUR, Chester Alan, a Vice President and 21st President of the United States; born in Fairfield, Franklin County, Vt., October 5, 1829; attended the public schools and graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1848; became principal of an academy in North Pownal, Vt., in 1851; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1854 and commenced practice in New York City; took an active part in the reorganization of the State militia; during the Civil War, served as acting quartermaster general of the State in 1861; commissioned inspector general, appointed quartermaster general with the rank of brigadier general, and served until 1862; resumed the practice of law in New York City; appointed by President Ulysses Grant as collector of the port of New York 1871-1878; resumed the practice of law in New York City; elected Vice President of the United States on the Republican ticket with President James A. Garfield for the term beginning March 4, 1881; upon the death of President Garfield, became President of the United States on September 20, 1881, and served until March 3, 1885; returned to New York City where he died November 18, 1886; interment in the Rural Cemetery Albany, N.Y. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Howe, George. Chester A. Arthur: A Quarter-century of Machine Politics. 1935. Reprint. New York: F. Ungar and Co., 1957; Reeves, Thomas C. Gentleman Boss: The Life of Chester Alan Arthur. New York: Knopf, 1975.

ARTHUR, William Evans, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 3, 1825; moved with his parents to Covington, Ky., where he received instruction from private tutors and also in private schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1850 and commenced practice in Covington; Commonwealth attorney for the ninth judicial district of Kentucky 1856-1862; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket of Breckinridge and Lane in 1860; appointed judge of the ninth judicial circuit in 1866 and served until 1868, when he resigned; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses (March 4, 1871March 3, 1875); was not a candidate for renomination in 1874; resumed the practice of law in Covington; became judge of the twelfth judicial circuit of Kentucky in 1886 and served until 1893, when he resigned; engaged in the practice of law until his death in Covington, Ky., May 18, 1897; interment in Linden Grove Cemetery.

ASH, Michael Woolston, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 5, 1789; studied law; was admitted to the bar June 21, 1811, and commenced practice in Philadelphia; served as a first lieutenant and lieutenant colonel in the First Regular Pennsylvania Volunteers during the War of 1812; at the close of the war he went into partnership with James Buchanan, who subsequently was a President of the United States, and continued the practice of his profession in Philadelphia; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1835March 3, 1837); was not a candidate for reelection in 1836 to the Twenty-fifth Congress; again engaged in the practice of his profession until his death in Philadelphia, Pa., December 14, 1858; interment in Christ Church Burial Ground, located at Fifth and Arch Streets.

ASHBROOK, Jean Spencer (wife of John Milan Ashbrook), a Representative from Ohio; born Emily Jean Spencer in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio, September 21, 1934; attended Central School, Newark, Ohio; graduated, Newark High School, 1952; B.S., Ohio State University, Columbus, 1956; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-seventh Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, United States Representative John Milan Ashbrook, (June 29, 1982-January 3, 1983); is a resident of Newark, Ohio.

ASHBROOK, John Milan (son of William A. Ashbrook and husband of Jean Spencer Ashbrook), a Representative from Ohio; born in Johnstown, Licking County, Ohio, September 21, 1928; graduated from Johnstown High School in 1946; served in the United States Navy, 1946-1948; member of Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1946-1947; Harvard University, A.B., 1952, and Ohio State University Law School at Columbus, J.D., 1955; was admitted to the bar in 1955 and commenced the practice of law in Johnstown, Ohio; publisher of the Johnstown Independent, a weekly newspaper; served in the State house of representatives, 19571961; national chairman of Young Republican Clubs, 19571959; delegate, Republican National Conventions, 1964 and 1968; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh and to the ten succeeding Congresses, and served from January 3, 1961, until his death on April 24, 1982, in Johnstown, Ohio; cremated; ashes interred at Green Hill Cemetery.

ASHBROOK, William Albert (father of John M. Ashbrook), a Representative from Ohio; born near Johnstown, Licking County, Ohio, July 1, 1867; attended the public schools, and Bartlett’s Business College, Lansing, Mich.; in 1885 engaged in the newspaper publishing business in Johnstown, Ohio; also engaged in banking; served as postmaster of Johnstown from 1893 to 1897, when his successor was appointed; secretary of the National Editorial Association 1902-1906; member of the State house of representatives in 1904 and 1905; elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1907-March 3, 1921); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Sixty-second Congress), Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures (Sixty-fourth and Sixtyfifth Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920 to the Sixty-seventh Congress; resumed the newspaper publishing business and banking in Johnstown, Ohio; elected to the Seventy-fourth, Seventy-fifth, and Seventy-sixth Congresses and served from January 3, 1935, until his death in Johnstown, Ohio, January 1, 1940; interment in Green Hill Cemetery.

ASHCROFT, John David, a Senator from Missouri; born in Chicago, Ill., on May 9, 1942; attended the public schools in Springfield, Missouri; graduated from Yale University 1964; received J.D. degree from University of Chicago School of Law 1967; admitted to the bar in Springfield 1967; taught business law at Southwest Missouri State University; state auditor of Missouri 1973-1975; attorney general of Missouri 1976-1985; Governor of Missouri 1985-1993; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1994 and served from January 3, 1995 to January 3, 2001; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 2000; attorney general of the United States, 2001-. Bibliography: Ashcroft, John D., with Gary Thomas. Lessons from a Father to his Son. Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1998; ———. On My Honor: The Beliefs that Shape My Life. Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 2001.

ASHE, John Baptista (uncle of John Baptista Ashe [1810-1857], Thomas Samuel Ashe, and William Shepperd Ashe), a Delegate and a Representative from North Carolina; born in Rocky Point, N.C., in 1748; was privately tutored at home; engaged in agricultural pursuits; served throughout the Revolutionary War and attained the rank of colonel in command of North Carolina troops at Valley Forge and at the Battle of Eutaw, S.C.; member of the State house of commons 1784-1786, serving as speaker of the house in 1786; Member of the Continental Congress in 1787 and served until November 1, 1787, when he resigned; served as chairman of the committee of the whole in the State convention of 1789 that ratified the Constitution of the United States; member of the State senate in 1789; elected to the First and Second Congresses and served from March 24, 1790, until March 3, 1793; resumed agricultural pursuits; again served in the State senate in 1795; elected Governor of North Carolina in 1802, but died in Halifax, N.C., November 27, 1802, before being inaugurated; interment in the Churchyard Cemetery, Halifax, N.C.

ASHE, John Baptista (brother of William Shepperd Ashe, nephew of John Baptista Ashe [1748-1802], and cousin of Thomas Samuel Ashe), a Representative from Tennessee; born in Rocky Point, Pender County, N.C., in 1810; attended Fayetteville Academy and was graduated from Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., in 1830; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1832; moved to Tennessee and commenced practice in Brownsville; elected as a Whig to the Twentyeighth Congress (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1845); moved to Galveston County, Tex., and settled near Galveston; continued the practice of his chosen profession until his death in Galveston, Tex., December 29, 1857; interment in a cemetery near Galveston.

ASHE, Thomas Samuel (nephew of John Baptista Ashe of North Carolina and cousin of John Baptista Ashe of Tennessee and of William Shepperd Ashe), a Representative from North Carolina; born in Hawfields, near Graham, Alamance County (then a part of Orange County), N.C., July 19, 1812; attended Bingham’s Academy, Hillsboro, N.C., and was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1832; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1834 and commenced practice in Wadesboro, Anson County, in 1835; member of the State house of commons in 1842; solicitor of the fifth judicial district of North Carolina 1847-1851; elected to the State senate in 1854; Member of the Confederate house of representatives 1861-1864; elected to the Confederate senate in 1864, but did not serve due to the termination of the Civil War; served as State councilor in 1866; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of North Carolina in 1868; elected as a Democrat to the Fortythird and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1877); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1876; resumed the practice of law at Wadesboro; elected associate justice of the State supreme court in 1878; reelected in 1886 for a term of eight years and served until his death in Wadesboro, Anson County, N.C., on February 4, 1887; interment in East View Cemetery.

ASHE, William Shepperd (brother of John Baptista Ashe of Tennessee, nephew of John Baptista Ashe of North Carolina and cousin of Thomas Samuel Ashe), a Representative from North Carolina; born in Rocky Point, N.C., September 14, 1814; attended school at Fayetteville, N.C., and pursued classical studies in Trinity College, Hartford, Conn.; engaged in the cultivation of rice; studied law; was admitted to the North Carolina bar in 1836 and commenced the practice of law in New Hanover County, N.C., the same year; presidential elector of the Democratic ticket in 1844; member of the North Carolina senate 1846-1848; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first, Thirty-second, and Thirty-third Congresses (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1855); chairman, Committee on Elections (Thirty-second Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1854; served as president of the Wilmington & Weldon Railroad Company from 1854 until his death; again a member of the North Carolina senate 1859-1861; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Charleston in 1860; member of the North Carolina Constitutional Convention in 1861; during the Civil War served as a major in the Confederate Army, in charge of all transportation from the South to Virginia; killed in a railroad accident near Wilmington, N.C., September 14, 1862; interment in the family burying ground at ‘The Neck,’ near Ashton, Pender County, N.C.

ASHLEY, Chester, a Senator from Arkansas; born in Massachusetts, June 1, 1790; moved with his parents to Hudson, N.Y.; attended the common schools and graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., and the Litchfield (Conn.) Law School; admitted to the bar in 1817 and commenced the practice of law in Hudson, N.Y.; moved to Little Rock, Ark., in 1820; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1844 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William S. Fulton; reelected in 1846, and served from November 8, 1844, until his death in Washington, D.C., April 29, 1848; chairman, Committee on the Judiciary (Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses); interment in Mt. Holly Cemetery, Little Rock, Ark. Bibliography: Rose, U.M. ‘‘Chester Ashley.’’ Publications of the Arkansas Historical Association 3 (1911): 47-73.

ASHLEY, Delos Rodeyn, a Representative from Nevada; born at The Post, Ark., February 19, 1828; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849 and practiced; moved to California in 1849 and continued the practice of law in Monterey in 1850; district attorney 1851-1853; member of the State house of representatives in 1854 and 1855; served in the State senate in 1856 and 1857; State treasurer of California in 1862 and 1863; moved to Virginia City, Storey County, Nev., in 1864 and continued the practice of law; elected as a Republican to the Thirtyninth and Fortieth Congresses (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1869); was not a candidate for renomination in 1868; moved to Pioche, Lincoln County, Nev., in 1871 and resumed the practice of law; due to failing health moved to San Francisco, Calif., in 1872, and lived in retirement until his death there July 18, 1873; interment in Calvary Cemetery.

ASHLEY, Henry, a Representative from New York; born in Winchester, Cheshire County, N.H., February 19, 1778; attended the common schools; clerk of Winchester village in 1811; justice of the peace in 1817; engaged in the manufacture of leather in Catskill, Greene County, N.Y.; chairman of the tanners’ association in 1825; elected to the Nineteenth Congress (March 4, 1825-March 3, 1827); was not a candidate for reelection in 1826; resumed his former business pursuits; president of the board of trustees of the village of Catskill in 1828; trustee of the apprentices’ library in 1828; died in Catskill, N.Y., January 14, 1829; interment in Thomson Street Cemetery.

ASHLEY, James Mitchell (great-grandfather of Thomas William Ludlow Ashley), a Representative from Ohio; born near Pittsburgh, Pa., November 14, 1824; instructed himself in elementary subjects while employed as a clerk on boats operating on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers; editor of the Dispatch, and afterwards of the Democrat, in Portsmouth, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849 but never practiced; moved to Toledo, Ohio, and engaged in the wholesale drug business; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1869); chairman, Committee on Territories (Thirty-seventh through Fortieth Congresses); unsuccessful Republican candidate for reelection in 1868 to the Fortyfirst Congress; delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists’ Convention in 1866; Governor of the Territory of Montana in 1869 and 1870; constructed the Toledo, Ann Arbor & Northern Railroad, and served as president from 1877 to 1893; died in Alma, Gratiot County, Mich., September 16, 1896; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery, Toledo, Ohio. Bibliography: Horowitz, Robert F. Great Impeacher: A Political Biography of James M. Ashley. New York: Brooklyn College Press, 1979.

ASHLEY, Thomas William Ludlow (great-grandson of James M. Ashley), a Representative from Ohio; born in Toledo, Lucas County, Ohio, January 11, 1923; attended the Monroe and Glenwood elementary schools, and Kent School, Kent, Conn., 1939-1942; during the Second World War served in the United States Army as a corporal with service in the Pacific Theater of Operations 1943-1945; was graduated from Yale University in 1948; associated with Toledo Publicity and Efficiency Commission in 1948; studied law in evening classes at the University of Toledo Law School; graduated from Ohio State University Law School at Columbus in 1951; was admitted to the bar in 1951 and commenced the practice of law in Whitehouse and Toledo, Ohio; in 1952 joined the staff of Radio Free Europe, serving in Europe as codirector of the press section and later as assistant director of special projects, resigning March 1, 1954; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-fourth and to the twelve succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1955-January 3, 1981); chairman, Select Committee on Energy (Ad Hoc) (Ninetyfifth Congress), Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Ninety-sixth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1980 to the Ninety-seventh Congress; founder and since 1981 president of a legal and congressional consulting firm in Washington, D.C.; is a resident of Washington.

ASHLEY, William Henry, a Representative from Missouri; born in Powhatan County, Va., in 1778; attended the common schools; moved to St. Genevieve, Mo. (then Upper Louisiana), in 1803; engaged in the manufacture of saltpeter; became a merchant and later a surveyor; moved to St. Louis, Mo., in 1808; brigadier general of militia during the War of 1812; traded with the Indians and dealt in furs; unsuccessful candidate for governor in 1824; founded an organization which in 1830 became the Rocky Mountain Fur Co., and conducted trading and exploring expeditions to the headwaters of the Missouri River; elected as the first Lieutenant Governor of Missouri and served from 1820 to 1824; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Spencer D. Pettis; reelected to the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses and served from October 31, 1831, to March 3, 1837; did not seek renomination in 1836 but was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Missouri in 1836; died near Boonville, Mo., March 26, 1838; interment in an Indian mound overlooking the Missouri River, near his home, on the Lamine River, in Cooper County, Mo. Bibliography: Clokey, Richard M. William H. Ashley: Enterprise and Politics in the Trans-Mississippi. 1980. Reprint, West Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990.

ASHMORE, John Durant (cousin of Robert Thomas Ashmore), a Representative from South Carolina; born in Greenville District, S.C., August 18, 1819; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar but never practiced; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives 1848-1853; comptroller general of the State 1853-1857; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-sixth Congress and served from March 4, 1859, until his retirement on December 21, 1860; chairman, Committee on Mileage (Thirty-sixth Congress); during the Civil War was elected colonel of the Fourth South Carolina Regiment, but resigned before the regiment was called into service; engaged in mercantile pursuits in Greenville, S.C.; died in Sardis, Miss., December 5, 1871; interment in Black Jack Cemetery, near Sardis, in Panola County.

ASHMORE, Robert Thomas (cousin of John Durant Ashmore), a Representative from South Carolina; born on a farm near Greenville, S.C., February 22, 1904; attended the public schools of Greenville; was graduated from Furman University Law School, Greenville, S.C., in 1927; while a student engaged in agricultural work, retail sales, and as a substitute rural mail carrier; was admitted to the bar in January 1928 and engaged in the practice of law in Greenville, S.C.; solicitor of Greenville County Court 19301934; solicitor of the thirteenth judicial circuit of South Carolina 1936-1953; during the Second World War, while on official leave from duties as solicitor, volunteered for service in the United States Army in December 1942, serving in this country and overseas until discharged from active duty in May 1946, as a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army Reserve; promoted to colonel in 1955; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Joseph R. Bryson; reelected to the Eighty-fourth and to the six succeeding Congresses (June 2, 1953-January 3, 1969); was not a candidate for reelection in 1968 to the Ninety-first Congress; resumed the practice of law; member of the board, South Carolina Appalachian Regional Planning and Development Commission (later South Carolina Appalachian Council of Governments), 1970-1989, and chairman, 1970-1972; was a resident of Greenville, S.C., until his death there on October 5, 1989; interment in White Oak Baptist Church Cemetery, Greenville, S.C.

ASHMUN, Eli Porter (father of George Ashmun), a Senator from Massachusetts; born in a small village north of Albany on the Hudson River, June 24, 1770; attended the village school; member of the State house of representatives 1803-1804; graduated from Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vt., in 1807; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Blandford; moved to Northampton, Mass., in 1807 and continued the practice of law; member, State senate 1808-1810, 1813; member, Governor’s council 1816; elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Christopher Gore and served from June 12, 1816, to May 10, 1818, when he resigned; died in Northampton, Mass., May 10, 1819; interment in Bridge Street Cemetery in Northhampton.

ASHMUN, George (son of Eli Porter Ashmun), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Blandford, Hampden County, Mass., December 25, 1804; moved to Northampton with his parents in 1807; attended the local schools; was graduated from Yale College in 1823; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Springfield in 1828; member of the State house of representatives in 1833, 1835, 1836, 1838, and 1841, serving as speaker in 1841; member of the State senate in 1838 and 1839; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, and Thirty-first Congresses (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1851); was not a candidate for renomination in 1850; resumed the practice of law in Springfield; chairman of the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1860; director of the Union Pacific Railroad Co.; delegate to the Union National Convention at Philadelphia in 1866; died in Springfield, Hampden County, Mass., July 16, 1870; interment in Springfield Cemetery.

ASHURST, Henry Fountain, a Senator from Arizona; born in Winnemucca, Humboldt County, Nev., September 13, 1874; moved with his parents to Arizona in 1875 and settled near the present town of Flagstaff, Coconino County; attended the public schools of Flagstaff and graduated from the Stockton (Calif.) Business College in 1896; studied law and political economy at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor; admitted to the bar in 1897 and commenced practice in Williams, Ariz.; member of the Territorial house of representatives in 1897 and 1899, serving as speaker in 1899; served in the Territorial senate in 1903; district attorney of Coconino County 1905-1908; moved to Prescott, Ariz. in 1909 and continued the practice of law; upon the admission of Arizona as a State was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate on March 27, 1912; reelected in 1916, 1922, 1928, and again in 1934, and served from March 27, 1912, to January 3, 1941; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1940; chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Sixty-third through Sixty-fifth Congresses), Committee on Industrial Expositions (Sixty-third Congress), Committee to Investigate Trespassers on Indian Land (Sixty-sixth Congress), Committee on the Judiciary (Seventy-third through Seventy-sixth Congresses); appointed a member of the Board of Immigration Appeals in the Department of Justice on April 8, 1941, and served until February 28, 1943, when he retired; died in Washington, D.C., May 31, 1962; interment in Sacred Heart Cemetery, Prescott, Ariz. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Ashurst, Henry F. A Many-Colored Toga: The Diary of Henry Fountain Ashurst. Edited by George F. Sparks. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1962.

ASPER, Joel Funk, a Representative from Missouri; born in Adams County, Pa., April 20, 1822; moved to Ohio with his parents, who settled in Trumbull County in 1827; attended the public schools and the local college in Warren, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1844 and commenced practice in Warren, Ohio; justice of the peace in 1846; prosecuting attorney of Geauga County in 1847; delegate to the Buffalo Free-Soil Convention in 1848; editor of the Western Reserve Chronicle in 1849; moved to Iowa in 1850 and published the Chardon Democrat; raised a company for the Civil War in 1861 and served as its captain; was wounded in the Battle of Winchester; promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1862; mustered out of the service in 1863 because of wounds received in action; moved to Chillicothe, Livingston County, Mo., in 1864 and resumed the practice of law; founded the Spectator in 1866; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1868; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress (March 4, 1869March 3, 1871); was not a candidate for renomination in 1870; practiced law until his death; died in Chillicothe, Mo., October 1, 1872; interment in Edgewood Cemetery.

ASPIN, Leslie, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wis., July 21, 1938; attended Milwaukee public schools; B.A., Yale University, 1960; M.A., Oxford University, England, 1962; Ph.D., economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1965; assistant professor of economics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis., 1969-1970; economic adviser to the Secretary of Defense while serving in United States Army, 1966-1968; served in the United States Army, captain, 1966-1968; staff member to United States Senator William Proxmire in 1960, and was his campaign director in 1964 for reelection; staff assistant to Walter Heller, chairman of President Kennedy’s Council of Economic Advisers, 1963; unsuccessful candidate for the office of Wisconsin State Treasurer, 1968; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-second and to the eleven succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1971, until his resignation January 20, 1993, to become Secretary of Defense in the Cabinet of President William J. Clinton and served as Secretary of Defense until his resignation on January 20, 1994; chairman, Committee on Armed Services (Ninety-ninth through One Hundred Second Congresses); professor of international policy, Washington Center for Government, Marquette University; chair of the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and of the Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community from August 1994 until his death in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1995.

ASPINALL, Wayne Norviel, a Representative from Colorado; born in Middleburg, Logan County, Ohio, April 3, 1896; moved with his parents to Palisade, Mesa County, Colo., in 1904; attended the public schools; studied at the University of Denver until the First World War, then enlisted in the Air Service of the Signal Corps and served as a corporal and staff sergeant until discharged as a flying cadet; returned to the University of Denver and graduated in 1919; taught school in Palisade, Colo., 1919-1921; president of the Mount Lincoln School District School Board 1920-1922; graduated from the Denver Law School in 1925; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Palisade, Colo.; also engaged in the peach-orchard industry; again taught school 1925-1933; member of Palisade Board of Trustees 1926-1934; district counsel of the Home Owners Loan Corporation in western Colorado in 1933 and 1934; member of the State house of representatives 1931-1934 and in 1937 and 1938, serving as Democratic whip in 1933, and as speaker in 1937 and 1938; served in the State senate 1939-1948 and was Democratic whip in 1939, majority floor leader in 1941, and minority floor leader 1943-1947; during the Second World War was commissioned a captain in Military Government in 1943, serving overseas as a legal expert with the American and English forces; participated in the Normandy drive with the English Second Army; was discharged on December 14, 1944; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-first and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1949-January 3, 1973); chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Eighty-sixth through Ninety-second Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1972 to the Ninety-third Congress; resumed the practice of law; was a resident of Palisade, Colo., until his death there October 9, 1983; cremated; ashes interred at Orchard Mesa Municipal Cemetery, Grand Junction, Colo. Bibliography: Sturgeon, Stephen C. The Politics of Western Water: The Congressional Career of Wayne Aspinall. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2002.

ASWELL, James Benjamin, a Representative from Louisiana; born near Vernon, Jackson Parish, La., December 23, 1869; attended the public schools; was graduated from Peabody Normal College, Nashville, Tenn., in 1892 and from the University of Nashville in 1893; taught in country schools and high schools, and later attended Chicago University; State institution conductor 1897-1900; president of the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute 1900-1904; State superintendent of public education 1904-1908, and while serving in that capacity reorganized the public-school system of Louisiana; president of the Louisiana State Normal College at Natchitoches 1908-1911; elected as a Democrat to the Sixtythird and to the nine succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1913, until his death in Washington, D.C., March 16, 1931; interment in Rock Creek Cemetery.

ATCHISON, David Rice, a Senator from Missouri; born in Frogtown, Ky., August 11, 1807; attended Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky.; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Liberty, Clay County, Mo., in 1829; also engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives in 1834, and again in 1838; appointed judge of the Platte County circuit court in 1841; appointed and subsequently elected in 1843 as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lewis F. Linn; reelected in 1849, and served from October 14, 1843, to March 3, 1855; President pro tempore of the Senate (Twenty-ninth through Thirty-third Congresses); chairman, Committee on the Militia (Twentyninth Congress), Committee on Indian Affairs (Thirtieth through Thirty-second Congresses); resumed the practice of law; died at his home near Gower, Clinton County, Mo., January 26, 1886; interment in Greenlawn Cemetery, Plattsburg, Mo. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Atchison, Theodore. ‘David R. Atchison, A Study in American Politics.’ Missouri Historical Review 24 (July 1930): 502-15; Parrish, William E. David Rice Atchison of Missouri: Border Politician Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1961.

ATHERTON, Charles Gordon (son of Charles Humphrey Atherton), a Representative and a Senator from New Hampshire; born in Amherst, Hillsborough County, N.H., July 4, 1804; graduated from Harvard University in 1822; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1825 and commenced practice in Dunstable (now Nashua), N.H.; member of the State house of representatives 1830 and 1833-1835, serving as speaker 1833-1835; elected as a Democrat to the Twentyfifth and the two succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1837March 3, 1843); did not seek reelection in 1842, having become a candidate for Senator; elected to the United States Senate as a Democrat in 1843, and served from March 4, 1843, to March 3, 1849; chairman, Committee on Printing (Twenty-ninth Congress), Committee on Roads and Canals (Twenty-ninth Congress), Committee on Finance (Thirtieth Congress); resumed the practice of law in Nashua; again elected to the United States Senate in 1852 for the term beginning March 4, 1853, took the oath of office on March 4, 1853, and served until his death in Manchester, N.H., November 15, 1853; interment in Nashua Cemetery, Nashua, N.H. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography.

ATHERTON, Charles Humphrey (father of Charles Gordon Atherton), a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Amherst, Hillsborough County, N.H., August 14, 1773; attended the common schools and was graduated from Harvard University in 1794; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1797 and commenced practice in Amherst; register of probate 1798-1807; elected as a Federalist to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1817); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1816; member of the State house of representatives 1823-1839; resumed the practice of law; died in Amherst, N.H., January 8, 1853; interment in the Old Cemetery.

ATHERTON, Gibson, a Representative from Ohio; born near Newark, Licking County, Ohio, January 19, 1831; attended Denison University, Granville, Ohio, and was graduated from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, in 1853; principal of the local academy at Osceola, Mo., in 1853 and 1854; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1855 and commenced practice in Newark, Ohio; president of the board of education of Newark for fifteen years; elected prosecuting attorney of Licking County in 1857 and reelected in 1859 and 1861; mayor of Newark 1860-1864; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for the State senate in 1863 and for judge of the court of common pleas in 1866; member of the city council of Newark for two years; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis in 1876; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1883); did not seek renomination but was an unsuccessful candidate for election as judge of the supreme court of Ohio in 1882; appointed to that position by Governor Hoadly the same year and served until the election of his successor six months later; resumed the practice of law; died in Newark, Ohio, November 10, 1887; interment in Cedar Hill Cemetery.

ATKESON, William Oscar, a Representative from Missouri; born on a farm near Buffalo, Putnam County, Va. (now West Virginia), August 24, 1854; attended the public schools and the University of Kentucky at Lexington; taught school in Mason County, W.Va., in 1874 and at New Haven, W.Va., in 1875; was graduated from Fairmont (W.Va.) Normal School in 1875; moved to Point Pleasant, W.Va., in 1876 and edited and published the West Virginia Monitor; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1877 and commenced practice in Council Grove, Kans.; moved to Rich Hill, Bates County, Mo., in 1882 and to Butler, Bates County, Mo., in 1889, and continued to practice law; prosecuting attorney of Bates County, Mo., 1891-1893; unsuccessful candidate for circuit judge of the twenty-ninth judicial circuit in 1892; owner and editor of the Butler Free Press 18941902; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1906 to the Sixtieth Congress and in 1908 to the Sixty-first Congress; served as deputy State hotel inspector in 1910 and 1911 and as deputy State labor commissioner 1911-1913; owner and editor of the Bates County Record 1915-1918; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1921-March 3, 1923); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1922 to the Sixty-eighth Congress; served as State warehouse commissioner in Kansas City, Mo., from July 1, 1923, until February 5, 1925, when he resigned; resumed the practice of law and also engaged in literary pursuits; died in Butler, Mo., October 16, 1931; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

ATKINS, Chester Greenough, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Geneva, Switzerland, April 14, 1948; was graduated from Concord-Carlisle High School, Concord, Mass., in 1966 and Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, in 1970; member of the Massachusetts house of representatives 1970-1971 and the State senate 1972-1984; chairman of the Massachusetts Democratic State Committee 19771990; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1985-January 3, 1993); unsuccessful candidate for renomination to the One Hundred Third Congress in 1992; is a resident of Concord, Mass.

ATKINS, John DeWitt Clinton, a Representative from Tennessee; born near Manly’s Chapel, Henry County, Tenn., June 4, 1825; attended a private school in Paris, Tenn., and was graduated from the East Tennessee University at Knoxville in 1846; studied law; was admitted to the bar but did not practice; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives 1849-1851; served in the State senate 1855-1857; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1858 to the Thirtysixth Congress; during the Civil War served as lieutenant colonel of the Fifth Tennessee Regiment in the Confederate Army in 1861; elected to the Confederate Provisional Congress in August and November 1861 and in November 1863; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1883); chairman, Committee on Appropriations (Forty-fifth and Fortysixth Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1882; engaged in agricultural pursuits near Paris, Henry County, Tenn.; appointed United States Commissioner of Indian Affairs by President Cleveland on March 21, 1885, and served until June 13, 1888, when he resigned; was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for United States Senator in 1888; again engaged in agricultural pursuits; retired from active pursuits in 1898 and moved to Paris, Tenn., where he lived in retirement until his death on June 2, 1908; interment in the City Cemetery.

ATKINSON, Archibald, a Representative from Virginia; born in Isle of Wight County, Va., September 15, 1792; received a liberal education; attended the law department of William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va.; served during the War of 1812; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Smithfield, Isle of Wight County, Va.; member of the State house of delegates 1815-1817 and 18281831; served in the State senate 1839-1843; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1849); was not a candidate for renomination in 1848 to the Thirty-first Congress; served as prosecuting attorney for Isle of Wight County; died in Smithfield, Va., on January 7, 1872; interment in the graveyard of Old St. Luke’s Church, four miles southeast of Smithfield, Va.

ATKINSON, Eugene Vincent, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Aliquippa, Pa., April 5, 1927; graduated, Aliquippa High School, 1945; master’s degree program, University of Pittsburgh; served in the U.S. Navy Seabees; owned and operated an insurance agency; appointed director of customs, Port of Pittsburgh, 1962-1969; Beaver County Commissioner, 1972-1978; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-sixth and Ninety-seventh Congresses (January 3, 1979-January 3, 1983); announced his affiliation with the Republican Party on October 14, 1981; was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninety-eighth Congress; is a resident of Aliquippa, Pa.

ATKINSON, George Wesley, a Representative from West Virginia; born near Charleston, Kanawha County, Va. (now West Virginia), June 29, 1845; attended the public schools of Charleston and was graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware in 1870; was graduated from Mount Union College, Alliance, Ohio, and Howard University Law School, Washington, D.C.; collector of tolls on the Kanawha River Board 1869-1871; postmaster of Charleston 1871-1877; was admitted to the bar in 1875 and commenced practice in Charleston; later attended lectures on law at Columbia University; moved to Wheeling, Ohio County, W.Va., in 1877; editor of the Wheeling Standard in 1877 and 1878; internal-revenue agent of the Treasury Department 1879-1881; United States marshal for the district of West Virginia 1881-1885; successfully contested as a Republican the election of John O. Pendleton to the Fifty-first Congress and served from February 26, 1890, to March 3, 1891; declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1890; resumed the practice of law in Wheeling, W.Va.; editor of the West Virginia Journal 1891-1896; Governor of West Virginia 1897-1901; served as United States district attorney for the southern district of West Virginia from July 1, 1901, to April 18, 1905; appointed associate judge of the Court of Claims at Washington, D.C., on April 15, 1905, and served until April 16, 1916, when he retired; died in Charleston, W.Va., April 4, 1925; interment in Spring Hill Cemetery.

ATKINSON, Louis Evans, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Delaware Township, Juniata County, Pa., April 16, 1841; attended the common schools and Airy View and Milnwood Academies; studied medicine and was graduated from the medical department of the College of the City of New York March 4, 1861; during the Civil War entered the medical department of the United States Army on September 5, 1861; served as assistant surgeon in the First Pennsylvania Reserve Cavalry and as surgeon of the One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, until mustered out in December 1865; was disabled while in the Army and, being unable to practice medicine, studied law; was admitted to the bar in September 1870 and commenced practice in Mifflintown, Pa.; elected as a Republican to the Forty-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1893); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Fifty-first Congress); became a candidate for renomination in 1892, but ultimately withdrew; resumed the practice of law in Mifflintown, Pa.; appointed president judge of the forty-first Pennsylvania district and served one year; died in Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa., February 5, 1910; interment in Presbyterian Cemetery.

ATKINSON, Richard Merrill, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Nashville, Davidson County, Tenn., February 6, 1894; attended the public schools; was graduated from Wallace University School, Nashville, Tenn., in 1912, from Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., in 1916, and from the law department of Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., in 1917; was admitted to the bar in 1917 and commenced the practice of law in Nashville, Tenn., in 1920; during the First World War served from June 30, 1917, until honorably discharged on August 29, 1919, as a member of the Forty-seventh Company, United States Marines, Second Division, serving in France with the American Expeditionary Forces; attorney general of the tenth judicial circuit of Tennessee from September 1, 1926, to September 1, 1934; State commissioner of Smoky Mountain National Park 19311933; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth Congress (January 3, 1937-January 3, 1939); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1938; engaged in the practice of law in Nashville, Tenn., until his death there on April 29, 1947; interment in Spring Hill Cemetery.

ATLEE, Samuel John, a Delegate from Pennsylvania; born in Trenton, N.J., in 1739, during the temporary residence of his parents at that place; moved with his mother to Lancaster, Pa., in 1745; educated by a private tutor and subsequently commenced the study of law, but abandoned it to enter the Army; during the French and Indian War at the age of sixteen was placed in command of a company of the provincial service from Lancaster County, Pa.; commissioned ensign in Col. William Clapham’s Augusta regiment on April 23, 1756, and promoted to lieutenant December 7, 1757; served in the Forbes campaign and participated in a battle near Fort Duquesne, September 15, 1758; was commissioned captain May 13, 1759; appointed colonel of the Pennsylvania Musketry Battalion on March 21, 1776; during the Revolutionary War was captured by the British on August 27, 1776, at the Battle of Long Island and held as a prisoner until October 1, 1778, when he was exchanged; Member of the Continental Congress 1778-1782; served in the general assembly in 1782, 1785, and 1786; elected supreme executive councilor for Lancaster County in 1783; appointed a member of the board of commissioners to treat with the Indians in 1784 for the unpurchased lands in Pennsylvania; one of the charter members of the Society of the Cincinnati; died in Philadelphia, Pa., November 25, 1786, while attending a session of the assembly; interment in Christ Churchyard.

ATWATER, John Wilbur, a Representative from North Carolina; born near Rialto (now Fearington), Chatham County, N.C., December 27, 1840; attended the common schools and the old William Closs Academy; engaged in agricultural pursuits; during the Civil War enlisted in the Confederate Army and served in Company D, First Regiment, North Carolina Volunteer Infantry, and was with the army of Gen. Robert E. Lee until the surrender at Appomattox; joined the Farmers’ Alliance in 1887; first president of Chatham County Alliance; elected to the State senate in 1890 as an Alliance Democrat, and also in 1892 and 1896 as a Populist; elected as an Independent Populist to the Fiftysixth Congress (March 4, 1899-March 3, 1901); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1900 to the Fifty-seventh Congress; resumed agricultural pursuits; died in Fearington, N.C., on July 4, 1910; interment in Mount Pleasant Church Cemetery, near Pittsboro, N.C.

ATWOOD, David, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Bedford, N.H., December 15, 1815; attended the public schools; moved to Hamilton, N.Y., in 1832; apprenticed as a printer and subsequently became publisher of the Hamilton Palladium; moved to Freeport, Ill., in 1845 and engaged in agricultural pursuits; moved to Madison, Wis., in 1847 and for forty-two years was editor and publisher of the State Journal, Madison, Wis.; was commissioned major general in the Wisconsin Militia in 1858; member of the State assembly in 1861; United States assessor for four years; mayor of Madison in 1868 and 1869; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Benjamin F. Hopkins and served from February 23, 1870, until March 3, 1871; declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1870; resumed his former newspaper activities; United States Centennial Exposition commissioner, representing the State of Wisconsin, 1872-1876; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1872 and at Cincinnati in 1876; died in Madison, Wis., December 11, 1889; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery.

ATWOOD, Harrison Henry, a Representative from Massachusetts; born at the home of his grandmother in North Londonderry, Vt., August 26, 1863; attended the public schools of Boston, Mass.; studied architecture and engaged in that profession in Boston, Mass.; member of the Massachusetts house of representatives 1887-1889; city architect of Boston in 1889 and 1890; member of the Republican State committee 1887-1889; member and secretary of the Boston Republican city committee 1888-1894; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1888 and 1892; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1895March 3, 1897); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1896 to the Fifty-fifth Congress; resumed his former profession in Boston; again a member of the Massachusetts house of representatives in 1915, 1917, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1927, and 1928; was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1918 to the Sixty-sixth Congress; resumed his profession as an architect in Boston, Mass.; moved to Wellesley Hills, Mass., in April 1938; died in Boston, Mass., October 22, 1954; interment in Forest Hills Cemetery.

AUCHINCLOSS, James Coats, a Representative from New Jersey; born in New York City, January 19, 1885; attended Cutler School, New York City, and Groton School, Groton, Mass.; was graduated from Yale University in 1908; engaged in financial and stock brokerage business in New York City 1908-1940; a governor of the New York Stock Exchange, 1921-1938; served in the Seventh Regiment, New York National Guard, 1909-1913; during the First World War served as captain, Military Intelligence; deputy police commissioner of New York City; founder, treasurer, president, and chairman of the board of the New York Better Business Bureau; member of the borough council, Rumson, N.J., 1930-1937; mayor of Rumson, N.J., 1938-1943; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth and to the ten succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1943-January 3, 1965); was not a candidate for reelection in 1964 to the Eighty-ninth Congress; died in Alexandria, Va., October 2, 1976; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, N.Y. AuCOIN, Les, a Representative from Oregon; born in Portland, Multnomah County, Oreg., October 21, 1942; attended public schools in Redmond, Oreg.; graduated, Redmond Union High School, 1960; attended Portland State University, 1961, 1965-1966; B.A., Pacific University, Forest Grove, 1969; worked as a newsman and public information director; served in the United States Army, 1961-1964; served in the Oregon house of representatives, 1971-1974, and served as majority leader, 1973-1974; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fourth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1975-January 3, 1993); was not a candidate in 1992 for reelection to the United States House of Representatives, but was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate; is a resident of Forest Grove, Oreg.

AUF DER HEIDE, Oscar Louis, a Representative from New Jersey; born in New York City, December 8, 1874; attended the public schools; moved with his parents to West New York, Hudson County, N.J., in 1887; engaged in the real estate business; member of the town council 1899-1902; member and president of the board of education in 1903 and 1904; member of the State house of assembly 19081911; served on the board of assessors of West New York in 1912 and 1913; mayor of West New York 1914-1917; elected a member and subsequently a director of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Hudson County and served from 1915 to 1924; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-ninth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1925-January 3, 1935); was not a candidate for renomination in 1934 to the Seventy-fourth Congress; resumed the real estate and insurance business; died in West New York, N.J., March 29, 1945; interment in Hoboken Cemetery, North Bergen, N.J.

AUSTIN, Albert Elmer (stepfather of Clare Boothe Luce), a Representative from Connecticut; born in Medway, Norfolk County, Mass., November 15, 1877; attended the public schools and was graduated from Amherst (Mass.) College in 1899 and from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1905; member of the faculty of Attleboro (Mass.) High School 1899-1900; practicing physician in Old Greenwich, Conn., 1907-1939; health officer of Greenwich, Conn., 1917-1937; engaged in banking in Old Greenwich, Conn., 1926-1942; during the First World War served as regimental surgeon in the Two Hundred and Fourteenth Engineers, Fourteenth (Wolverine) Division, 1918-1919; member of the State house of representatives 1917-1919 and 1921-1923; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth Congress (January 3, 1939-January 3, 1941); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1940 to the Seventy-seventh Congress; continued his former professional pursuits until his death in Greenwich, Conn., January 26, 1942; interment in Ferncliff Cemetery, Hartsdale, Westchester County, N.Y.

AUSTIN, Archibald, a Representative from Virginia; born near Buckingham, Buckingham County, Va., August 11, 1772; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Buckingham County; member of the State house of delegates 1815-1817; elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth Congress (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1819); was not a candidate for renomination in 1818; resumed the practice of his profession; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1832 and 1836; again a member of the State house of delegates 1835-1837; died near Buckingham Court House, Buckingham County, Va., October 16, 1837; interment in the family cemetery on his estate.

AUSTIN, Richard Wilson, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Decatur, Morgan County, Ala., August 26, 1857; attended the common schools, Loudon High School, and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville in 1873; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1878 and commenced practice in Knoxville, Tenn.; clerk in the Post Office Department at Washington, D.C., 1879-1881; Assistant Doorkeeper of the House of Representatives in the Forty-seventh Congress 1881-1883; special agent of the War Department 18831885; engaged in newspaper work in Knoxville, Tenn., in 1885; returned to Decatur, Ala., and continued the practice of law; private secretary to Congressman Leonidas C. Houk from Tennessee in 1888; served as city attorney of Decatur, Ala.; unsuccessful Republican candidate for election in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Minneapolis in 1892; returned to Knoxville, Tenn., in 1893 and edited the Knoxville Republican; United States marshal for the eastern district of Tennessee 1897-1906; appointed United States consul at Glasgow, Scotland, and served from July 1906 to November 1907, when he resigned; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-first and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1909-March 3, 1919); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1918; died in Washington, D.C., April 20, 1919; interment in the Old Gray Cemetery, Knoxville, Tenn.

AUSTIN, Warren Robinson, a Senator from Vermont; born in Highgate Center, Franklin County, Vt., November 12, 1877; attended the public schools; graduated from Brigham Academy, Bakersfield, Vt., in 1895 and from the University of Vermont, at Burlington, in 1899; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1902 and commenced practice at St. Albans, Vt.; served as State’s attorney of Franklin County, Vt. 1904-1906; United States commissioner 1907-1915; chairman of the Republican State Convention in 1908; mayor of St. Albans 1909; delegate to the Congress of the Mint 1912; trustee of the University of Vermont 1914-1941; special counsel for Vermont in the boundary-line dispute between Vermont and New Hampshire 1925-1937; member of the United States Court for China 1917; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate on March 31, 1931, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Frank L. Greene; reelected in 1934 and 1940 and served from April 1, 1931, until his resignation on August 2, 1946, to become United States representative on the Security Council of the United Nations, serving until his retirement January 25, 1953; was a resident of Burlington, Vt., until his death on December 25, 1962; interment in Lake View Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Bi- surgeon of the Twenty-first Regiment, Michigan Volunteer ography; Porter, David L. ‘‘Senator Warren Austin and the Neutrality Act of 1939.’’ Vermont History 42 (Summer 1974): 228-38; Mazuzan, George T. Warren R. Austin at the U.N., 1946-1953. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1977.

AVERETT, Thomas Hamlet, a Representative from Virginia; born near Halifax, Halifax County, Va., July 10, 1800; attended the common schools; served as a drummer boy in the War of 1812; studied medicine; was graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., and practiced in Halifax and the adjacent counties; served in the State senate in 1848 and 1849; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1846 to the Thirtieth Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1853); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1852; resumed the practice of medicine in Halifax County; died near Halifax Court House, Va., June 30, 1855; interment in the family burial ground near Halifax Court House, Va.

AVERILL, John Thomas, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Alna, Lincoln County, Maine, March 1, 1825; attended the common schools; moved with his parents to Montville, Maine, in 1838; was graduated from the Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Readfield in 1846; taught school for a short time, and subsequently engaged in lumbering for one year; moved to Winthrop, Maine, and engaged in mercantile pursuits for three years; moved to northern Pennsylvania in 1852 and again engaged in lumbering until 1857, when he settled in Lake City, Minn.; engaged in mercantile pursuits and the grain business; member of the State senate 1858-1860; commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Sixth Regiment, Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, August 22, 1862; promoted to colonel on November 22, 1864; honorably mustered out on September 28, 1865; moved to St. Paul, Minn., in 1866 and engaged in the wholesale paper and stationery business; member of the Republican National Committee 1868-1880; elected as a Republican to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1875); chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Forty-third Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1874; resumed his business activities in St. Paul, Minn., where he died on October 3, 1889; interment in Oakland Cemetery.

AVERY, Daniel, a Representative from New York; born in Groton, Conn., September 18, 1766; attended the common schools; appointed ensign in the Sixth Company, Eighth Regiment of the Connecticut Militia, and served as lieutenant and captain until May 1794; moved to Aurora, N.Y., in 1795 and subsequently became the owner of a large tract of land which was farmed by tenants; elected as a Republican to the Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses (March 4, 1811-March 3, 1815); elected to the Fourteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Enos T. Throop and served from September 30, 1816, to March 3, 1817; resumed the management of his estate; connected with the land office at Albany, N.Y., for twenty years; died in Aurora, Cayuga County, N.Y., January 30, 1842; interment in Oak Glen Cemetery.

AVERY, John, a Representative from Michigan; born in Watertown, Jefferson County, N.Y., February 29, 1824; moved with his parents to Michigan in 1836; attended the common schools; entered Grass Lake Academy, Jackson, Mich., where he studied medicine for two years; was graduated from the Cleveland Medical College in 1850 and commenced the practice of medicine in Ionia, Mich.; moved to Otsego, Mich., in 1852 and continued the practice of his profession; during the Civil War was assistant surgeon and Infantry; served in the Army of the Cumberland in Kentucky and Tennessee and was with Sherman on his march to the sea; settled in Greenville, Mich., in 1868 and again engaged in the practice of medicine; member of the State house of representatives in 1869 and 1870; appointed a member of the State board of health in 1880 and reappointed in 1886; elected as a Republican to the Fiftythird and Fifty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1897); was not a candidate for renomination in 1896; engaged in the practice of medicine in Greenville, Mich., where he died January 21, 1914; interment in Forest Home Cemetery.

AVERY, William Henry, a Representative from Kansas; born in Wakefield, Clay County, Kans., August 11, 1911; attended the public schools; A.B., University of Kansas at Lawrence, 1934; engaged in business as a farmer and stockman near Wakefield, Kans., since 1935; director of the Wakefield Rural High School Board of Education since 1946; Congressional liaison for the Assistant Secretary of the Interior, 1973- 1976; member, Wakefield school board, 19581964; member, Kansas state house of representatives, 19511955; member of legislative council of Kansas 1953-1955; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-fourth and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1955-January 3, 1965); was not a candidate for renomination in 1964, but was a successful candidate for Governor of Kansas and served from January 11, 1965, to January 9, 1967; was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1966; president, Real Petroleum Company; is a resident of Wakefield, Kans.

AVERY, William Tecumsah, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Hardeman County, Tenn., November 11, 1819; attended the common schools and was graduated from old Jackson College near Columbia, Maury County, Tenn.; studied law; was admitted to the bar; moved to Memphis, Tenn., in 1840 and engaged in the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives in 1843; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1861); was not a candidate for renomination in 1860; during the Civil War served as lieutenant colonel in the Confederate Army; clerk of the criminal court of Shelby County 1870-1874; resumed the practice of law in Memphis, Tenn.; accidentally drowned in Ten Mile Bayou, Crittenden County, Ark., opposite Memphis, Tenn., May 22, 1880; interment in Elmwood Cemetery, Memphis, Tenn.

AVIS, Samuel Brashear, a Representative from West Virginia; born in Harrisonburg, Rockingham County, Va., February 19, 1872; attended the public schools and Staunton (Va.) Military Academy; was graduated from the law department of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.; was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice in Charleston, W.Va.; commissioned senior captain of Company A, Second West Virginia Volunteer Infantry, during the Spanish-American War in 1898; served until 1899, when he was honorably discharged; prosecuting attorney of Kanawha County, W.Va., from January 1, 1900, to December 31, 1912; assistant United States attorney for the southern district of West Virginia from August 22 to November 15, 1904; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-third Congress (March 4, 1913-March 3, 1915); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1914 to the Sixty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of law; was killed by lightning in Charleston, W.Va., June 8, 1924; interment in Spring Hill Cemetery, Spring Hill, W.Va.

AXTELL, Samuel Beach, a Representative from California; born near Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio, October 14, 1819; attended the local schools and Oberlin College; was graduated from Western Reserve College, Hudson, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Mount Clemens, Mich.; went to California in 1851 and engaged in mining in Amador County; prosecuting attorney of Amador County 1854-1860; moved to San Francisco in 1860 and practiced law; elected as a Democrat to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1871); was not a candidate for renomination in 1870; affiliated with the Republican Party during the administration of President Grant; appointed Governor of Utah Territory in 1874 and subsequently, in 1875, transferred to the office of Governor of the Territory of New Mexico; chief justice of the supreme court of the Territory of New Mexico from August 1882 until his resignation May 25, 1885; engaged in the practice of law in Santa Fe, N.Mex.; at the time of his death was counsel of the Southern Pacific Railroad Co. and chairman of the Republican Territorial committee; died while on a visit to Morristown, Morris County, N.J., August 6, 1891; interment in First Presbyterian Church Cemetery.

AYCRIGG, John Bancker, a Representative from New Jersey; born in New York City July 9, 1798; studied medicine; was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons (now the medical department of Columbia University), New York City, in 1818 and was admitted to practice in New York; moved to New Jersey and located at Paramus; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1839); presented credentials as a Memberelect to the Twenty-sixth Congress but was not permitted to qualify; elected to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); was not a candidate for renomination in 1842 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; resumed the practice of medicine in Paramus; moved to Passaic, N.J., and died there November 8, 1856; interment in Paramus Church Cemetery, Ridgewood, N.J.

AYER, Richard Small, a Representative from Virginia; born in Montville, Waldo County, Maine, October 9, 1829; attended the common schools; was engaged for a number of years in agricultural and mercantile pursuits; during the Civil War enlisted in 1861 in the Union Army as a private in Company A, Fourth Regiment, Maine Volunteer Infantry; subsequently promoted to first lieutenant and was mustered out as a captain on March 22, 1863, for disability; settled in Virginia in 1865 and located near Warsaw; delegate to the Virginia constitutional convention in 1867-1868; upon the readmission of the State of Virginia to representation was elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress and served from January 31, 1870, until March 3, 1871; was not a candidate for renomination in 1870; engaged in agricultural pursuits; returned to Montville, Maine; member of the State house of representatives in 1888; died in Liberty, Waldo County, Maine, December 14, 1896; interment in Mount Repose Cemetery, Montville, Maine.

AYERS, Roy Elmer, a Representative from Montana; born on a ranch near Lewistown, Fergus County, Mont., November 9, 1882; attended the rural schools and Lewistown High School; was graduated from the law department of Valparaiso (Ind.) University in 1903; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Lewistown, Mont.; also became engaged in ranching and the raising of livestock; served as attorney of Fergus County, Mont., 1905-1909; member of the Montana Board of Education 1908-1912; judge of the tenth judicial district of Montana 1913-1921 and justice of the State supreme court from January 1922 until his resignation on November 22, 1922, when he resumed the private practice of law in Lewistown, Mont.; during the First World War served as chairman of the Fergus County Exemption Board; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1920 and 1940 and to every State Democratic Convention 1906-1940; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1937); was not a candidate for renomination, but was a successful candidate for Governor of Montana and served in that office from January 4, 1937, until January 6, 1941; resumed his ranching activities; died in Lewistown, Mont., May 23, 1955; interment in Lewistown City Cemetery.

AYRES, Steven Beckwith, a Representative from New York; born in Fort Dodge, Iowa, October 27, 1861; moved with his parents to Elmira, N.Y., in 1866; attended the grammar school; moved to Penn Yan, N.Y., in 1873; attended the Penn Yan Academy and was graduated from Syracuse (N.Y.) University, in 1882; engaged in the publishing business at Penn Yan and was editor of the Yates County Chronicle; delegate to the Republican State convention in 1884; moved to New York City in 1893 and engaged in the advertising business; declined the Democratic nomination as candidate for the New York State assembly in 1910; elected as an Independent Democrat to the Sixty-second Congress (March 4, 1911-March 3, 1913); unsuccessful candidate for reelection as an Independent Democrat in 1912 to the Sixty-third Congress; author of several books and many historical articles; lecturer in the New York University Summer School in 1914; engaged in the cultivation of oranges at Clearwater, Fla., in winter and in the real estate business at Woodstock, N.Y., during the summer; died in New York City, June 1, 1929; interment in the Clearwater Cemetery, Clearwater, Fla.

AYRES, William Augustus, a Representative from Kansas; born in Elizabethtown, Hardin County, Ill., April 19, 1867; moved with his parents to Sedgwick County, Kans., in 1881; attended the common schools and Garfield University (now Friends University), Wichita, Kans.; was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice in Wichita, Kans.; clerk of the Court of Appeals of Kansas 1897-1901; prosecuting attorney of Sedgwick County 1906-1910; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fourth, Sixty-fifth, and Sixtysixth Congresses (March 4, 1915-March 3, 1921); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920 to the Sixty-seventh Congress; elected to the Sixty-eighth and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1923, until his resignation effective August 22, 1934, having been appointed a member of the Federal Trade Commission on June 30, 1934, in which capacity he served until his death in Washington, D.C., February 17, 1952; interment in Old Mission Cemetery, Wichita, Kans.

AYRES, William Hanes, a Representative from Ohio; born in Eagle Rock, Botetourt County, Va., February 5, 1916; moved with his parents to West Virginia and later to Lorain County, Ohio; attended the Weller Township High School; was graduated from Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1936; salesman for heating equipment in Akron, Ohio, 1936-1944; during the Second World War served as a private in the United States Army until discharged December 17, 1945; president of the Ayres Heating & Insulation Co., Akron, Ohio, since 1946; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second and to the nine succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1951-January 3, 1971); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1970 to the Ninety-second Congress; died on December 27, 2000, in Columbia, Md. B

BABBITT, Clinton, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Westmoreland, Cheshire County, N.H., November 16, 1831; attended the common schools and was graduated from Keene (N.H.) Academy; moved to Wisconsin in 1853 and settled near Beloit, Rock County; engaged in agricultural pursuits; elected alderman and was a member of the first city council of Beloit; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1880 to the Forty-seventh Congress; appointed postmaster of Beloit by President Cleveland on August 2, 1886, and served until August 17, 1889, when a successor was appointed; appointed secretary of the State agricultural society of Wisconsin in 1885 and served until 1899; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second Congress (March 4, 1891March 3, 1893); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1892 to the Fifty-third Congress; retired from public life and active business pursuits and resided in Beloit, Wis., until his death there on March 11, 1907; interment in the Protestant Cemetery.

BABBITT, Elijah, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Providence, R.I., July 29, 1795; moved with his parents to New York State in 1805; received an academic education; moved to Milton, Northumberland County, Pa., in 1816; studied law; was admitted to the bar in March 1824 and commenced practice in Milton; moved to Erie, Pa., in 1826 and continued the practice of law; served as attorney for the borough and subsequently for the city of Erie; prosecuting attorney for Erie County in 1833; deputy attorney general for the State in 1834 and 1835; member of the State house of representatives in 1836 and 1837; served in the State senate 1843-1846; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1863); was not a candidate for reelection in 1862 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Erie, Pa., January 9, 1887; interment in Erie Cemetery.

BABCOCK, Alfred, a Representative from New York; born in Hamilton, Madison County, N.Y., April 15, 1805; attended the local schools and Gaines (N.Y.) Academy; studied medicine; moved to Gaines, Orleans County, N.Y., where he practiced his profession; elected a member of the board of trustees of the village of Gaines at its first election on May 28, 1839; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); resumed the practice of medicine in Gaines, N.Y.; moved to Illinois in 1850 and settled in Galesburg, Knox County, where he continued the practice of his profession until his death on May 16, 1871; interment in Hope Cemetery.

BABCOCK, Joseph Weeks (grandson of Joseph Weeks), a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Swanton, Franklin County, Vt., March 6, 1850; moved to Linn County, Iowa, with his parents, who settled near Mount Vernon in 1855; attended the common schools of Mount Vernon and Cedar Falls; moved to Necedah, Juneau County, Wis., in 1872 and engaged in the lumber business; member of the Wisconsin State assembly 1889-1893; chairman of the Republican National Congressional Committee in 1894 and 1902; delegate at large to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1904; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1907); chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Fiftyfourth through Fifty-ninth Congresses); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1906; retired and resided in Washington, D.C., until his death there on April 27, 1909; remains were cremated and the ashes deposited in the monument on the family plot in Rock Creek Cemetery.

BABCOCK, Leander, a Representative from New York; born in Paris, Oneida County, N.Y., March 1, 1811; was crat to the Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1937); was not a candidate for renomination, but was a successful candidate for Governor of Montana and served in that office from January 4, 1937, until January 6, 1941; resumed his ranching activities; died in Lewistown, Mont., May 23, 1955; interment in Lewistown City Cemetery.

AYRES, Steven Beckwith, a Representative from New York; born in Fort Dodge, Iowa, October 27, 1861; moved with his parents to Elmira, N.Y., in 1866; attended the grammar school; moved to Penn Yan, N.Y., in 1873; attended the Penn Yan Academy and was graduated from Syracuse (N.Y.) University, in 1882; engaged in the publishing business at Penn Yan and was editor of the Yates County Chronicle; delegate to the Republican State convention in 1884; moved to New York City in 1893 and engaged in the advertising business; declined the Democratic nomination as candidate for the New York State assembly in 1910; elected as an Independent Democrat to the Sixty-second Congress (March 4, 1911-March 3, 1913); unsuccessful candidate for reelection as an Independent Democrat in 1912 to the Sixty-third Congress; author of several books and many historical articles; lecturer in the New York University Summer School in 1914; engaged in the cultivation of oranges at Clearwater, Fla., in winter and in the real estate business at Woodstock, N.Y., during the summer; died in New York City, June 1, 1929; interment in the Clearwater Cemetery, Clearwater, Fla.

AYRES, William Augustus, a Representative from Kansas; born in Elizabethtown, Hardin County, Ill., April 19, 1867; moved with his parents to Sedgwick County, Kans., in 1881; attended the common schools and Garfield University (now Friends University), Wichita, Kans.; was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice in Wichita, Kans.; clerk of the Court of Appeals of Kansas 1897-1901; prosecuting attorney of Sedgwick County 1906-1910; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fourth, Sixty-fifth, and Sixtysixth Congresses (March 4, 1915-March 3, 1921); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920 to the Sixty-seventh Congress; elected to the Sixty-eighth and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1923, until his resignation effective August 22, 1934, having been appointed a member of the Federal Trade Commission on June 30, 1934, in which capacity he served until his death in Washington, D.C., February 17, 1952; interment in Old Mission Cemetery, Wichita, Kans.

AYRES, William Hanes, a Representative from Ohio; born in Eagle Rock, Botetourt County, Va., February 5, 1916; moved with his parents to West Virginia and later to Lorain County, Ohio; attended the Weller Township High School; was graduated from Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1936; salesman for heating equipment in Akron, Ohio, 1936-1944; during the Second World War served as a private in the United States Army until discharged December 17, 1945; president of the Ayres Heating & Insulation Co., Akron, Ohio, since 1946; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second and to the nine succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1951-January 3, 1971); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1970 to the Ninety-second Congress; died on December 27, 2000, in Columbia, Md. B

BABBITT, Clinton, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Westmoreland, Cheshire County, N.H., November 16, 1831; attended the common schools and was graduated from Keene (N.H.) Academy; moved to Wisconsin in 1853 and settled near Beloit, Rock County; engaged in agricultural pursuits; elected alderman and was a member of the first city council of Beloit; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1880 to the Forty-seventh Congress; appointed postmaster of Beloit by President Cleveland on August 2, 1886, and served until August 17, 1889, when a successor was appointed; appointed secretary of the State agricultural society of Wisconsin in 1885 and served until 1899; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second Congress (March 4, 1891March 3, 1893); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1892 to the Fifty-third Congress; retired from public life and active business pursuits and resided in Beloit, Wis., until his death there on March 11, 1907; interment in the Protestant Cemetery.

BABBITT, Elijah, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Providence, R.I., July 29, 1795; moved with his parents to New York State in 1805; received an academic education; moved to Milton, Northumberland County, Pa., in 1816; studied law; was admitted to the bar in March 1824 and commenced practice in Milton; moved to Erie, Pa., in 1826 and continued the practice of law; served as attorney for the borough and subsequently for the city of Erie; prosecuting attorney for Erie County in 1833; deputy attorney general for the State in 1834 and 1835; member of the State house of representatives in 1836 and 1837; served in the State senate 1843-1846; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1863); was not a candidate for reelection in 1862 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Erie, Pa., January 9, 1887; interment in Erie Cemetery.

BABCOCK, Alfred, a Representative from New York; born in Hamilton, Madison County, N.Y., April 15, 1805; attended the local schools and Gaines (N.Y.) Academy; studied medicine; moved to Gaines, Orleans County, N.Y., where he practiced his profession; elected a member of the board of trustees of the village of Gaines at its first election on May 28, 1839; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); resumed the practice of medicine in Gaines, N.Y.; moved to Illinois in 1850 and settled in Galesburg, Knox County, where he continued the practice of his profession until his death on May 16, 1871; interment in Hope Cemetery.

BABCOCK, Joseph Weeks (grandson of Joseph Weeks), a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Swanton, Franklin County, Vt., March 6, 1850; moved to Linn County, Iowa, with his parents, who settled near Mount Vernon in 1855; attended the common schools of Mount Vernon and Cedar Falls; moved to Necedah, Juneau County, Wis., in 1872 and engaged in the lumber business; member of the Wisconsin State assembly 1889-1893; chairman of the Republican National Congressional Committee in 1894 and 1902; delegate at large to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1904; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1907); chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Fiftyfourth through Fifty-ninth Congresses); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1906; retired and resided in Washington, D.C., until his death there on April 27, 1909; remains were cremated and the ashes deposited in the monument on the family plot in Rock Creek Cemetery.

BABCOCK, Leander, a Representative from New York; born in Paris, Oneida County, N.Y., March 1, 1811; was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1830; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1834; moved to Oswego, N.Y., and commenced the practice of law; district attorney for Oswego County 1841-1843; mayor of Oswego in 1850 and 1851; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtysecond Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1853); president of the board of education in 1853 and 1855; died in Richfield Springs, N.Y., August 18, 1864; interment in Riverside Cemetery, Oswego, N.Y.

BABCOCK, William, a Representative from New York; born in Hinsdale, Westmoreland County, N.H., in 1785; moved to Penn Yan, N.Y., in 1813 and engaged in mercantile pursuits; upon the formation of Yates County was appointed by the Governor as the first county treasurer; elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second Congress (March 4, 1831-March 3, 1833); resumed mercantile pursuits and also was engaged as a hotel keeper; died in Penn Yan, Yates County, N.Y., October 20, 1838; interment in City Hill Cemetery in Torrey Township, near Penn Yan.

BABKA, John Joseph, a Representative from Ohio; born in Cleveland, Ohio, March 16, 1884; attended the public schools; was graduated from the Cleveland Law School in 1908; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Cleveland, Ohio; special counsel to the attorney general of Ohio in 1911 and 1912; assistant prosecuting attorney of Cuyahoga County 1912-1919; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1919March 3, 1921); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920 to the Sixty-seventh Congress; resumed the practice of law; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1920 and 1932; at the time of his death was acting as liquidating attorney for the division of savings and loan associations of the department of commerce of Ohio; died at Cleveland, Ohio, March 22, 1937; interment in Calvary Cemetery.

BACA, Joe, a Representative from California; born in Belen, Valencia County, N.M., January 23, 1947; graduated from California State University, Los Angeles, Calif., 1971; United States Army, 1966-1968; member of the California state assembly, 1992-1999; member of the California state senate, 1999; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Sixth Congress by special election to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative George E. Brown, and reelected to the two succeeding Congresses (November 16, 1999-present).

BACCHUS, James, a Representative from Florida; born in Nashville, Tenn., June 21, 1949; graduated from Lyman High School, Longwood, Fla., 1967; B.A., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., 1971; M.A., Yale University, New Haven, Conn., 1973; J.D., Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla., 1978; lawyer, private practice; United States Army, 1971-1977; staff to Governor Reubin Askew of Florida, 1974-1978; special assistant to the United States Trade Representative, 1979-1981; general counsel, Florida state Comprehensive Plan Committee, 1986- 1987; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Second and One Hundred Third Congresses (January 3, 1991- January 3, 1995); not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Fourth Congress in 1994; judge, appellate court, World Trade Organization, 1995-2003; is a resident of Winter Park, Fla.

BACHARACH, Isaac, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Philadelphia, Pa., January 5, 1870; moved to New Jersey in 1881 with his parents, who settled in Atlantic City; attended the public schools; entered the real-estate business and also became interested in the lumber business and in banking; member of the council of Atlantic City, N.J., 1905-1910; member of the State house of assembly in 1911; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1920; elected as a Republican to the Sixtyfourth and to the ten succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1915January 3, 1937); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1936 to the Seventy-fifth Congress; engaged in the realestate and insurance business in Atlantic City, N.J., until his death there on September 5, 1956; interment in Mount Sinai Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa.

BACHMAN, Nathan Lynn, a Senator from Tennessee; born in Chattanooga, Tenn., August 2, 1878; attended the public schools, Baylor Preparatory School for Boys, Chattanooga, Tenn., Southwestern Presbyterian University, Clarksville, Tenn., Central University, Danville, Ky., Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va., and the University of Chattanooga Law School, Chattanooga, Tenn.; graduated from the law department of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1903, admitted to the bar in 1903, and began practice in Chattanooga, Tenn., in the same year; city attorney of Chattanooga 1906-1908; served as judge of the circuit court of Hamilton County, Tenn.1912-1918; served as associate justice of the Supreme Court of Tennessee from 1918 until his resignation in 1924; unsuccessful candidate for nomination for United States Senator in 1924; resumed the practice of law the same year; appointed on February 28, 1933, and subsequently elected on November 6, 1934, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Cordell Hull; reelected in 1936 and served from February 28, 1933, until his death in Washington, D.C., April 23, 1937; interment in Forest Hills Cemetery, Chattanooga, Tenn. Bibliography: McKellar, Kenneth. ‘‘Nathan Lynn Bachman,’’ in Tennessee Senators as Seen by One of their Successors. Kingsport, Tenn.: Southern Publishers, Inc., 1942, 613-621; U.S. Congress. Memorial Services for Nathan Bachman. 75th Cong., 1st sess., 1937. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1938.

BACHMAN, Reuben Knecht, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Williams Township, Northampton County, Pa., August 6, 1834; attended the common schools; taught school for several years; entered the mercantile and milling business in Durham, Bucks County, Pa.; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1879March 3, 1881); was not a candidate for renomination in 1880; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago in 1884; engaged in the lumber business and the manufacture of builders’ millwork at Riegelsville, Pa., and Phillipsburg, N.J.; died in Easton, Pa., September 19, 1911; interment in Durham Cemetery, near Durham, Bucks County, Pa.

BACHMANN, Carl George, a Representative from West Virginia; born in Wheeling, Ohio County, W.Va., May 14, 1890; attended the public schools; was graduated from Linsly Institute, Wheeling, W.Va., in 1908; attended Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pa., for two years; was graduated from West Virginia University at Morgantown in 1913 and from its law department in 1915; was admitted to the bar in 1915 and commenced practice in Wheeling; appointed assistant prosecuting attorney of Ohio County in January 1917; was subsequently elected prosecuting attorney in January 1921 and served until January 1925; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1925-March 3, 1933); minority whip (Seventy-second Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932 to the Seventy-third Congress and for election in 1934 to the Seventy-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Wheeling, W.Va., served on the city council of Wheeling, W.Va., 1939-1941; member of the West Virginia State liquor control commission 1941-1944; executive director of civilian defense for State of West Virginia, 1942-1944; elected mayor of Wheeling in 1947 for the term ending June 30, 1951; engaged in banking and the practice of law; was a resident of Wheeling, W.Va., where he died January 22, 1980; interment Greenwood Cemetery, Wheeling W.Va.

BACHUS, Spencer T., III, a Representative from Alabama; born in Birmingham, Ala., December 28, 1947; B.A., Auburn University, 1969; J.D., University of Alabama School of Law, 1972; National Guard, 1969-1971; lawyer, private practice; member of the Alabama state senate, 1983-1984; member of the Alabama state house of representatives, 1984-1987; member, Alabama board of education, 1987-1991; chairman, Alabama Republican executive committee, 19911992; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Third and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1993present).

BACON, Augustus Octavius (cousin of William S. Howard), a Senator from Georgia; born in Bryan County, Ga., October 20, 1839; attended the common schools in Liberty and Troup Counties; graduated from the literary department of the University of Georgia at Athens in 1859 and from its law department in 1860; admitted to the bar in 1860 and commenced practice in Atlanta, Ga.; entered the Confederate Army at the beginning of the Civil War and served during the campaigns of 1861 and 1862 as adjutant of the Ninth Georgia Regiment in the Army of Northern Virginia; subsequently commissioned captain in the Provisional Army of the Confederacy and assigned to general staff duty; at the close of the war resumed the practice of law in Macon, Ga.; member of the State house of representatives 18711886, serving as speaker pro tempore for two terms and as speaker eight years; president of the Democratic State convention in 1880; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1894; reelected in 1900, 1906 and again in 1913, and served from March 4, 1895, until his death; served as President pro tempore during the Sixty-second Congress; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses), Committee on Private Land Claims (Sixty-first and Sixty-second Congresses), Committee on Foreign Relations (Sixty-third Congress); died in Washington, D.C., February 14, 1914; funeral services were held in the Senate Chamber; interment in Rose Hill Cemetery, Macon, Ga. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Steelman, Lola Carr. ‘‘The Public Career of Augustus Bacon.’’ Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina, 1950; U.S. Congress. Memorial Addresses. 63rd Cong., 3rd sess., 1914-1915. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1915.

BACON, Ezekiel (son of John Bacon and father of William Johnson Bacon), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Boston, Mass., September 1, 1776; received a liberal schooling and was graduated from Yale College in 1794; attended the Litchfield Law School and afterwards studied with Nathan Dane in Beverly; was admitted to the bar in 1800 and commenced practice in Stockbridge, Mass.; member of the State house of representatives in 1805 and 1806; elected as a Republican to the Tenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Barnabas Bidwell; reelected to the Eleventh and Twelfth Congresses and served from September 16, 1807, to March 3, 1813; chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (Twelfth Congress); chief justice of the court of common pleas for the western district of Massachusetts 1811-1814; First Comptroller of the United States Treasury from February 11, 1814, to February 28, 1815, when he resigned; moved to Utica, Oneida County, N.Y., in 1816; appointed associate justice of the court of common pleas in 1818; member of the State assembly in 1819; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1821; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1824 to the Nineteenth Congress; at time of his death he was the oldest surviving Member of Congress and the last representative of the administration of President Madison; died in Utica, N.Y., October 18, 1870; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery. Bibliography: Barlow, William, and David O. Powell. ‘‘Congressman Ezekiel Bacon of Massachusetts and the Coming of the War of 1812.’’ Historical Journal of Western Massachusetts 6 (Spring 1978): 28-41.

BACON, Henry, a Representative from New York; born in Brooklyn, N.Y., March 14, 1846; attended the Mount Pleasant Academy in Sing Sing, the Episcopal Academy in Cheshire, Conn., and was graduated from Union College in 1865; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1866 and commenced practice in Goshen, N.Y.; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lewis Beach; reelected to the Fiftieth Congress and served from December 6, 1886, until March 3, 1889; chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Fiftieth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1888 to the Fiftyfirst Congress; elected to the Fifty-second Congress (March 4, 1891-March 3, 1893); chairman, Committee on Banking and Currency (Fifty-second Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1892; resumed the practice of law in Goshen; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago in 1892; corporation counsel of Goshen 19091915; died in Goshen, N.Y., on March 25, 1915; interment in Slate Hill Cemetery.

BACON, John (father of Ezekiel Bacon and grandfather of William Johnson Bacon), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Canterbury, Conn., April 5, 1738; was graduated from Princeton College in 1765; studied theology; had charge of the Old South Church, Boston, from September 25, 1771, until dismissed February 8, 1775, owing to differences of opinion; located in Stockbridge; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; served on the committee of correspondence, inspection, and safety in 1777; member of the State constitutional convention in 1779 and 1780; member of the State house of representatives 1780, 1783, 1784, 1786, 1789-1791, and in 1793; member of the State senate 1781, 1782, 1794-1796, 1798, and 1803-1806, serving as president in 1806; elected as a Republican to the Seventh Congress (March 4, 1801-March 3, 1803); chairman, Committee on Elections (Seventh Congress); presiding judge of the court of common pleas; chief justice of the State supreme court in 1809; died in Stockbridge, Berkshire County, Mass., October 25, 1820; interment in Stockbridge Cemetery.

BACON, Mark Reeves, a Representative from Michigan; born in Phillipstown, White County, Ill., February 29, 1852; attended the public schools of his native city; taught school at Bolivar (Mo.) Academy in 1871; studied law; was admitted to the bar on July 4, 1876, and commenced practice in Fairfield, Wayne County, Ill.; city attorney of Fairfield, Ill.; delegate to several State conventions; moved to Orlando, Fla., in 1882 and to Jacksonville, Fla., in 1886 and engaged in the abstract business; moved to Wyandotte, Wayne County, Mich., 1895 and became associated with the Michigan Alkali Co.; presented credentials as a Republican Memberelect to the Sixty-fifth Congress, but was succeeded by Samuel W. Beakes, who contested his election(March 4, 1917December 13, 1917); was not a candidate for renomination in 1918; retired in 1918 and resided in Wyandotte, Mich.; died at his winter home in Pasadena, Calif., August 20, 1941; interment in San Gabriel Cemetery, San Gabriel, Calif.

BACON, Robert Low, a Representative from New York; born in Jamaica Plains, Boston, Mass., July 23, 1884; attended the public schools; was graduated from Harvard University in 1907 and from its law school in 1910; was an employee of the United States Treasury Department in 1910 and 1911; moved to Old Westbury, N.Y., in 1911 and engaged in the banking business in New York City 1911-1922; delegate to several State conventions; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1920; attended the business men’s training camp at Plattsburg in 1915; served on the Texas border with the New York National Guard in 1916; during the First World War served with the United States military forces from April 24, 1917, to January 2, 1919, attaining the rank of major; awarded the Distinguished Service Medal; commissioned in the United States Officers’ Reserve Corps with the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1919; promoted to colonel in January 1923 and served until his death; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-eighth and to the seven succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1923, until his death at Lake Success, Long Island, N.Y., en route from a visit to New York City, September 12, 1938; interment in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.

BACON, William Johnson (son of Ezekiel Bacon and grandson of John Bacon), a Representative from New York; born in Williamstown, Mass., February 18, 1803; moved with his parents to Utica, N.Y., in 1815; was graduated from Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y., in 1822; studied law and was graduated from the Litchfield Law School in 1824; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Utica, Oneida County, N.Y.; appointed city attorney in 1837; member of the State assembly in 1850; elected trustee of Hamilton College in 1851; elected judge of the State supreme court of the fifth district in 1854 and served until 1870; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1879); was not a candidate for renomination in 1878; resumed the practice of law; died in Utica, N.Y., July 3, 1889; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery.

BADGER, De Witt Clinton, a Representative from Ohio; born near London, Madison County, Ohio, August 7, 1858; attended the country schools in Madison County and Mount Union College, Alliance, Ohio; taught school from 1875 to 1880; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1881 and commenced practice in London, Ohio; prosecuting attorney of Madison County 1882-1885; moved to Columbus, Ohio, and was elected judge of the court of common pleas in 1893; reelected in 1897 and served until 1903, when he resigned, having been elected to Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1905); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1904; resumed the practice of law in Columbus, Ohio; mayor of Columbus 1906-1908; died in Columbus, Ohio, May 20, 1926; interment in Green Lawn Cemetery.

BADGER, George Edmund, a Senator from North Carolina; born in New Bern, N.C., April 17, 1795; instructed by private teachers and attended preparatory school at New Bern; attended Yale College in 1810 and 1811; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1814 and commenced practice in New Bern; member of the house of commons of North Carolina in 1816; elected judge of the superior court in 1820 and served until 1825, when he resigned; moved to Raleigh, N.C.; appointed Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President William H. Harrison, March 5, 1841, reappointed by President John Tyler, and served until September 11, 1841, when he resigned to resume the practice of law; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate in 1846 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William H. Haywood; reelected in 1849 and served from November 25, 1846, to March 3, 1855; not a candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Thirty-first Congress); nominated by President Millard Fillmore as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in 1853, but was not confirmed by the Senate; returned to Raleigh and resumed the practice of law; member of the State convention in 1861; died in Raleigh, N.C., May 11, 1866; interment in Oakwood Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; London, Lawrence F. ‘‘George Edmund Badger in the United States Senate, 1846-1849.’’ North Carolina Historical Review 15 (January 1938), 1-22; London, Lawrence F. ‘‘George Edmund Badger, His Last Years in the United States Senate, 1851-1855.’’ North Carolina Historical Review 15 (July 1938): 231-50.

BADGER, Luther, a Representative from New York; born in Partridgefield (now Peru), Mass., April 10, 1785; moved with his father to New York in 1786; attended Hamilton College in 1807; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1812 and commenced practice in Jamesville, Onondaga County, N.Y.; judge advocate of the Twenty-seventh Brigade, New York Militia, 1819-1827; elected to the Nineteenth Congress (March 4, 1825-March 3, 1827); resumed the practice of his profession; moved to Broome County in 1832; examiner in chancery 1833-1847; appointed commissioner of United States loans in 1840, and served until 1843; elected district attorney of Broome County and served from July 5, 1847, until his resignation in November 1849; resumed the practice of law in Jordan, Onondaga County, N.Y., where he died in 1869; interment in Jordan Cemetery.

BADHAM, Robert Edward, a Representative from California; born in Los Angeles, Calif., June 9, 1929; attended public schools, Beverly Hills, Calif.; graduated, Beverly Hills High School, 1947; attended Occidental College, Eagle Rock, Calif., 1947-1948; B.A., Stanford (Calif.) University, 1951; business executive; served on active duty with the United States Naval Reserve, 1951-1954; director, officer, Hoffman Hardware Co., Los Angeles, 1952-1969; served in California assembly, 1963-1976; delegate to California State Republican conventions, 1962-1976; delegate to Republican National Conventions, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1980 and 1984; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-fifth and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1977-January 3, 1989); was not a candidate for renomination in 1988 to the One Hundred First Congress; is a resident of Newport Beach, Calif.

BADILLO, Herman, a Representative from New York; born in Caguas, P.R., August 21, 1929; attended the New York City public schools; B.B.A., City College of New York, 1951; LL.B., Brooklyn Law School, 1954; admitted to the New York bar in 1955 and commenced practice in New York City; certified public accountant, 1956; commissioner, New York City Department of Relocation, 1962-1965; elected Bronx, N.Y., borough president, 1965-1969; delegate to New York State Constitutional convention, 1967; delegate to Democratic National Convention, 1968; unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for mayor of New York City, 1969, 1973, and 1977; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-second and to the three succeeding Congresses; served from January 3, 1971, until his resignation December 31, 1977, to become a deputy mayor of New York City for the term commencing in January 1978 and served in that capacity until his resignation in September 1979; resumed the practice of law in New York City; chairman, Board of Directors of the State of New York Mortgage Agency, February 1984-May 1986; unsuccessful candidate for New York State comptroller in 1986; candidate for the Democratic nomination for mayor of New York City in 1993 until he withdrew from the race; unsuccessful Republican-Liberal Fusion candidate for New York City comptroller in 1993; is a resident of the Bronx, N.Y.

BAER, George, Jr., a Representative from Maryland; born in Frederick, Md., in 1763; attended the common schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits; member of the State house of delegates in 1794; elected as a Federalist to the Fifth and Sixth Congresses (March 4, 1797-March 3, 1801); again a member of the State house of delegates, in 1808 and 1809; judge of the orphans’ court of Frederick County in 1813; elected as a Federalist to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1817); resumed his former mercantile pursuits; mayor of Frederick in 1820; died in Frederick, Frederick County, Md., April 3, 1834; interment in Mount Olivet Cemetery.

BAER, John Miller, a Representative from North Dakota; born at Black Creek, Outagamie County, Wis., March 29, 1886; attended the public schools; was graduated from Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis., in 1909; moved to Beach, Golden Valley County, N.Dak., in 1909; engaged as a civil engineer and in agricultural pursuits 1909-1915; also furnished cartoons and articles to newspapers 1909-1917; postmaster of Beach, N.Dak., 1909-1915; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-fifth Congress by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Henry T. Helgesen, and reelected to the succeeding Congress (July 20, 1917-March 3, 1921); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture (Sixty-sixth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Sixty-seventh Congress in 1920; resumed activities as a cartoonist and journalist; died in Washington, D.C., February 18, 1970; interment in Gate of Heaven Cemetery, Silver Spring, Md. Bibliography: Reid, Bill G. ‘‘John Miller Baer: Nonpartisan League Cartoonist and Congressman.’’ North Dakota History 44 (Winter 1977): 413.

BAESLER, Henry Scott (Scotty), a Representative from Kentucky; born in Lexington, Ky., July 9, 1941; B.S., University of Kentucky, 1963; J.D., University of Kentucky School of Law, 1966; admitted to the bar in 1966 and commenced the practice of law; administrator, Fayette County legal aid, 1967-1973; vice mayor of Fayette County, 1974-1977; Fayette County district judge, 1979-1981; unsuccessful candidate in 1991 for nomination for Governor of Kentucky; mayor of Lexington, 1982-1993; chairman, Kentucky economic planning commission, 1987; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Third and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1993-January 3, 1999); was not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Sixth Congress but was an unsuccessful candidate in 1998 for election to the United States Senate.

BAFALIS, Louis Arthur (Skip), a Representative from Florida; born in Boston, Suffolk County, Mass., September 28, 1929; graduated from Manchester Central High School, Manchester, N.H, 1948.; A.B., St. Anselm’s College, Manchester, N.H., 1952; United States Army, 1953-1956; investment banker; member of the Florida state house of representatives, 1964; member of the Florida state senate, 1966-1970; unsuccessful candidate for nomination for Governor of Florida, 1970; elected as a Republican to the Ninetythird Congress and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1973-January 3, 1983); was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-eighth Congress in 1982, but was an unsuccessful nominee for Governor of Florida; governmental affairs consultant; is a resident of Palm Beach, Fla.

BAGBY, Arthur Pendleton, a Senator from Alabama; born in Louise County, Va., in 1794; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1819 and commenced practice in Claiborne, Ala.; member of the State house of representatives in 1821, 1822, 1824, and 1834-1836, serving as speaker in 1822 and 1836; served in the State senate in 1825; Governor of Alabama 1837-1841; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Clement C. Clay and served from November 24, 1841, until June 16, 1848, when he resigned to become Minister to Russia; chairman, Committee on Territories (Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Claims (Twentyninth Congress), Committee on Indian Affairs (Twenty-ninth Congress); United States Minister to Russia 1848-1849; member of the commission to codify the State laws of Alabama in 1852; moved to Mobile, Ala., in 1856, where he died on September 21, 1858; interment in Magnolia Cemetery, Mobile, Ala. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Martin, John M. ‘‘The Senatorial Career of Arthur Pendleton Bagby.’’ Alabama Historical Quarterly 42 (Fall/Winter 1980): 124-56.

BAGBY, John Courts, a Representative from Illinois; born in Glasgow, Ky., January 24, 1819; attended the public schools; was graduated as a civil engineer from Bacon College, Harrodsburg, Ky., in June 1840; studied law; was admitted to the bar in March 1845 and commenced practice in Rushville, Schuyler County, Ill., in April 1846; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875March 3, 1877); was not a candidate for renomination in 1876; resumed the practice of his profession in Rushville, Ill.; judge of Schuyler County 1882-1885; judge of the sixth judicial circuit court of Illinois 1885-1891; resumed the practice of law; died in Rushville, Ill., April 4, 1896; interment in Rushville Cemetery.

BAGLEY, George Augustus, a Representative from New York; born in Watertown, Jefferson County, N.Y., July 22, 1826; received an academic training; studied law; was admitted to the New York bar in 1847 and commenced practice in Watertown, N.Y.; retired from the practice of his profession in 1853 to engage in the manufacture of iron; president of the village of Watertown in 1866; supervisor of the town 1865-1868; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1879); resumed the manufacture of iron; died in Watertown, N.Y., May 12, 1915; interment in Brookside Cemetery.

BAGLEY, John Holroyd, Jr., a Representative from New York; born in Hudson, Columbia County, N.Y., November 26, 1832; attended the common schools; went to California in 1851 and engaged in mining and other pursuits; returned to New York and engaged in steamboating on the Hudson River; settled in Catskill, Greene County, N.Y., and engaged in mercantile pursuits and the manufacture of leather; supervisor of the town of Catskill 1860-1864; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875March 3, 1877); was not a candidate for renomination in 1876; resumed his former mercantile pursuits; elected to the Forty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1885); chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Forty-eighth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1884; engaged in banking and the insurance business and also served as vice president of the Catskill Mountain Railway Co.; trustee of the village of Catskill; member of the State assembly in 1888; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1896 to the Fifty-fifth Congress; died in Catskill, N.Y., October 23, 1902; interment in the Village Cemetery.

BAILEY, Alexander Hamilton, a Representative from New York; born in Minisink, N.Y., August 14, 1817; was graduated from Princeton College in 1837; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice; examiner in chancery of Greene County 1840-1842; justice of the peace of the town of Catskill for four years; member of the State assembly in 1849; judge of Greene County 1851-1855; moved to Rome, Oneida County, N.Y., in 1856 and continued the practice of law; served in the State senate 1861-1864; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Roscoe Conkling; reelected to the Forty-first Congress and served from November 30, 1867, to March 3, 1871; chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Forty-first Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1870; elected judge of the Oneida County Court in 1871 and served until his death in Rome, Oneida County, N.Y., April 20, 1874; interment in Rome Cemetery.

BAILEY, Cleveland Monroe, a Representative from West Virginia; born on a farm near St. Marys, Pleasants County, W.Va., July 15, 1886; attended the public schools, and West Liberty State College, West Liberty, W.Va.; was graduated from Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pa., in 1908; high school principal at Clarksburg, W.Va., in 1917 and 1918; district supervisor of schools 1919-1922; councilman of Clarksburg, W.Va., 1921-1923; Associated Press editor in Clarksburg, W.Va., 1923-1933; assistant State auditor 19331941; State budget director 1941-1944; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago in 1932; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth Congress (January 3, 1945-January 3, 1947); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress; State tax statistician in 1947 and 1948; elected to the Eighty-first and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1949-January 3, 1963); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1962 to the Eighty-eighth Congress; was a resident of Clarksburg, W.Va.; died in Charleston, W.Va., July 13, 1965; interment in Greenlawn Cemetery, Clarksburg, W.Va.

BAILEY, David Jackson, a Representative from Georgia; born in Lexington, Ga., March 11, 1812; educated by a private tutor; moved to Jackson, Butts County, in 1829; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1831 and practiced; elected to the State legislature before he was twenty-one, but was not permitted to take his seat because he was not of legal age; served as captain of a company through the Seminole and Creek Wars; served in the State house of representatives in 1835 and 1847; member of the State senate in 1838, 1849, and 1850; delegate to the Democratic county conventions in 1839 and 1850; secretary of the State senate 1839-1841; elected as a State Rights candidate to the Thirty-second Congress and as a Democrat to the Thirtythird Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1855); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Congress; again a member of the State senate, in 1855 and 1856, and served as president; resumed the practice of law in Jackson, Ga.; member of the secession convention in 1861; entered the Confederate Army during the Civil War and became colonel of the Thirtieth Regiment, Georgia Infantry; moved to Griffin, Spalding County, Ga., in 1861, where he died June 14, 1897; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

BAILEY, Donald Allen, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pa., July 21, 1945; attended the public schools of Allegheny and Westmoreland Counties; graduated, Greensburg (Pa.) High School, 1963; B.A., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967; J.D., Duquesne University School of Law, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1976; served in the United States Army, first lieutenant, Vietnam, 1967-1970; admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1976 and commenced practice in Greensburg, Pa., and before the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; other past occupations; J. & L. Steel Corp., laborer, steel and construction industry, painter, plant security, and assembly line worker; Democratic State committee, administrative head and registration chairman; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-sixth and the Ninety-seventh Congresses (January 3, 1979-January 3, 1983); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1982 to the Ninety-eighth Congress; was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate in 1986; Auditor General of Pennsylvania, 1985-1989; unsuccessful candidate for renomination for Auditor General of Pennsylvania in 1990 and for nomination for Auditor General in 1992; is a resident of Greensburg, Pa.

BAILEY, Goldsmith Fox, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Westmoreland, Cheshire County, N.H., July 17, 1823; attended the public schools of Fitchburg, Mass.; editor and publisher of the Bellows Falls (Vt.) Gazette in 1844; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1848 and commenced practice in Fitchburg, Mass.; served on the school committee 1849-1854; appointed postmaster of Fitchburg on May 3, 1851 and served until May 4, 1853, when his successor was appointed; member of the State house of representatives in 1857; served in the State senate 18581860; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-seventh Congress and served from March 4, 1861, until his death in Fitchburg, Worcester County, Mass., May 8, 1862; interment in Laurel Hill Cemetery.

BAILEY, James Edmund, a Senator from Tennessee; born in Montgomery County, Tenn., August 15, 1822; attended the Clarksville Academy and the University of Nashville; studied law; admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Clarksville, Montgomery County; elected as a Whig to the Tennessee house of representatives in 1853; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as colonel of the Forty-ninth Tennessee Regiment; appointed a member of the court of arbitration by the Governor of Tennessee in 1874; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Andrew Johnson and served from January 19, 1877, to March 3, 1881; an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1880; chairman, Committee on Education and Labor (Fortysixth Congress); resumed the practice of law; died in Clarksville, Tenn., December 29, 1885; interment in Greenwood Cemetery. Bibliography: McCord, Franklin. ‘‘J. E. Bailey: A Gentleman of Clarksville.’’ Tennessee Historical Quarterly 23 (September 1964): 246-68; McKellar, Kenneth. ‘‘James Edmund Bailey,’’ in Tennessee Senators as Seen by One of their Successors. Kingsport, Tenn.: Southern Publishers, Inc., 1942: 372-385.

BAILEY, Jeremiah, a Representative from Maine; born in Little Compton, R.I., May 1, 1773; attended the common schools and was graduated from Brown University, Providence, R.I., in 1794; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Wiscasset, Maine (until 1820 a district of Massachusetts), in 1798; presidential elector on the Federalist ticket in 1808; member of the general court 1811-1814; judge of probate 1816-1834; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1835-March 3, 1837); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1836 to the Twenty-fifth Congress; collector of customs of Wiscasset 1849-1853; died in Wiscasset, Lincoln County, Maine, July 6, 1853; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

BAILEY, John, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in 1786 in that part of Stoughton, Norfolk County, Mass.; which in 1797 was set apart and named Canton; was graduated from Brown University, Providence, R.I., in 1807; tutor and librarian at Providence, R.I., 1807-1814; member of the Massachusetts state house of representatives, 1814-1817; clerk in the Department of State in Washington, D.C., 1817-1823; presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Eighteenth Congress, but the election was contested on the ground that he was not a resident of the district he purported to represent, and by resolution of March 18, 1824, the House declared he was not entitled to the seat; returned to Canton, Mass., and was subsequently elected to fill the vacancy thus caused in this Congress; reelected to the Nineteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-first Congresses (December 13, 1824-March 3, 1831); chair, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Nineteenth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1830; member of the State senate, 1831-1834; unsuccessful Anti-Masonic candidate for Governor in 1834; died in Dorchester, Mass., June 26, 1835; interment in Oak Grove Cemetery.

BAILEY, John Mosher, a Representative from New York; born in Bethlehem, N.Y., August 24, 1838; attended the public schools, and Hudson River Institute at Claverack, N.Y.; was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1861; during the Civil War entered the Union Army as a first lieutenant and adjutant of the One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, and served in the Department of the Gulf in 1862; graduated from the Albany Law School in 1864; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Albany, N.Y.; assistant district attorney of Albany County 1865-1867; collector of internal revenue 1871-1874; district attorney of Albany County 1874-1877; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Terence J. Quinn; reelected to the Forty-sixth Congress and served from November 5, 1878, to March 3, 1881; was not a candidate for renomination in 1880; United States consul to Hamburg, Germany, by appointment of President Garfield 1881-1885; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1888; appointed by President Harrison as surveyor of customs at Albany, N.Y., 1889-1894; resumed the practice of law; died in Albany, N.Y., February 21, 1916; interment in Elmwood Cemetery, Bethlehem, N.Y.

BAILEY, Joseph, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Pennsbury Township, Chester County, Pa., March 18, 1810; attended the common schools; learned the trade of a hatter, which he carried on in Parkersville; served in the State house of representatives in 1840; member of the State senate in 1843; moved to Perry County in 1845; again a member of the State senate 1851-1853; State treasurer of Pennsylvania in 1854; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1860; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1865); member of the State constitutional convention in 1872; died at Bailey Station, Perry County, Pa., on August 26, 1885; interment in Bloomfield Cemetery, New Bloomfield, Pa.

BAILEY, Joseph Weldon (father of Joseph Weldon Bailey, Jr.), a Representative and a Senator from Texas; born near Crystal Springs, Copiah County, Miss., October 6, 1862; attended the common schools; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1883 and commenced practice in Hazlehurst, Miss.; moved to Gainesville, Tex., in 1885 and continued the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1891-March 3, 1901); was not a candidate for renomination in 1900; elected to the United States Senate in 1901, reelected in 1907, and served from March 4, 1901, until January 3, 1913, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Sixty-first Congress), Committee on Woman Suffrage (Sixty-first Congress), Committee on Additional Accommodations for the Library (Sixty-second Congress); resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C.; subsequently moved to Dallas, Tex., in 1921 and continued the practice of law; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Texas in 1920; died in a courtroom in Sherman, Tex., on April 13, 1929; interment in Gainesville Cemetery, Gainesville, Tex. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Acheson, Sam. Joe Bailey, The Last Democrat. 1932. Reprint. Freeport, N.Y.: Books For Libraries Press, 1970; Holcomb, Bob C. ‘‘Senator Joe Bailey, Two Decades of Controversy.’’ Ph.D. dissertation, Texas Tech University, 1968.

BAILEY, Joseph Weldon, Jr. (son of Joseph Weldon Bailey), a Representative from Texas; born in Gainesville, Cooke County, Tex., December 15, 1892; attended the public schools in Gainesville, Tex., and Washington, D.C.; graduated from Princeton University, Princeton, N.J., 1915; graduated from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., 1919; United States Army, 1917-1919; lawyer, private practice; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third Congress (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1935); was not a candidate for renomination in 1934, but was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate; United State Marine Corps, 1942-1943; died on July 17, 1943, in Gainesville, Tex.; interment in Gainesville Cemetery, Gainesville, Tex.

BAILEY, Josiah William, a Senator from North Carolina; born in Warrenton, Warren County, N.C., September 14, 1873; moved with his parents to Raleigh, N.C., in 1877; attended the public schools and Raleigh Male Academy; graduated from Wake Forest College in 1893; editor of the Biblical Recorder 1893-1907; member of the State board of agriculture 1896-1900; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1908 and commenced practice in Raleigh, N.C.; United States collector of internal revenue for North Carolina 19131921; member of the North Carolina Constitutional Commission in 1915; trustee of the University of North Carolina 1930; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1930; reelected in 1936 and again in 1942, and served from March 4, 1931, until his death in Raleigh on December 15, 1946; chairman, Committee on Claims (Seventy-third through Seventy-fifth Congresses), Committee on Commerce (Seventy-sixth through Seventy-ninth Congresses); interment in Oakwood Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Marcello, Ronald. ‘‘Senator Josiah Bailey, Harry Hopkins, and the

WPA: A Prelude to the Conservative Coalition.’’ Southern Studies 22 (Win, PA: A Prelude to the Conservative Coalition.’’ Southern Studies 22 (Winter 1983): 321-29; Moore, John R. Senator Josiah William Bailey of North Carolina: A Political Biography. Durham: Duke University Press, 1968.

BAILEY, R. Wendell, a Representative from Missouri; born in Willow Springs, Mo., July 30, 1940; graduated from Willow Springs High School, Willow Springs, Mo.; B.S., Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Mo., 1962; automobile dealer; member, Willow Springs, Mo., city council, 1969-1971; mayor, Willow Springs, Mo., 1971-1972; member of the Missouri state house of representatives, 19721980; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-seventh Congress (January 3, 1981-January 3, 1983); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninety-eighth Congress in 1982; Missouri state treasurer, 1985-1993; unsuccessful candidate for nomination for Governor of Missouri in 1992; unsuccessful candidate for election as lieutenant governor of Missouri in 2000.

BAILEY, Ralph Emerson, a Representative from Missouri; born in Cainsville, Harrison County, Mo., July 14, 1878; moved to Illinois with his parents, who settled in Benton, Franklin County, in 1880; attended the graded and high schools at Benton; moved to Bloomfield, Stoddard County, Mo., in 1897; was graduated from the Southeast Missouri Teachers’ College at Cape Girardeau in 1901; afterwards took a special course in the University of Missouri at Columbia; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1907 and commenced practice in Bloomfield, Mo.; moved to Sikeston, Scott County, Mo., in 1910 and continued the practice of law; city attorney 1912-1914 and again 1918-1922; served as a member of the board of regents of the Southeast Missouri Teachers’ College; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1925-March 3, 1927); was not a candidate for renomination in 1926 to the Seventieth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Sikeston, Mo.; died in Cape Girardeau, Mo., April 8, 1948; interment in the City Cemetery, Sikeston, Mo.

BAILEY, Theodorus, a Representative and a Senator from New York; born near Fishkill, Dutchess County, N.Y., October 12, 1758; attended the rural schools; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1778 and commenced practice in Poughkeepsie, N.Y.; served with the New York Militia during the Revolutionary War; served in the State militia 17861805 and attained the rank of brigadier general; elected to the Third and Fourth Congresses (March 4, 1793-March 3, 1797); elected to the Sixth Congress (March 4, 1799March 3, 1801); elected to the Seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Thomas Tillotson and served from October 6, 1801, to March 3, 1803; simultaneously served in the New York State assembly in 1802; elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1803, to January 16, 1804, when he resigned to accept the position of postmaster of the city of New York, which he held until his death on September 6, 1828; interment in the Dutch Burying Ground; reinterment in the Rural Cemetery, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., January 8, 1864.

BAILEY, Warren Worth, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in New Winchester, Hendricks County, Ind., January 8, 1855; moved to Illinois with his parents, who settled in Edgar County in 1863; attended the country schools; became a telegrapher, at which he worked until 1875, when he joined the Kansas (Ill.) News and learned the printing trade; engaged in the publishing business with his brother at Carlisle, Ind., in 1877; subsequently they purchased the Vincennes News, which they published until 1887; moved to Chicago in 1887 and became a member of the staff of the Daily News and later of the Evening Mail; moved to Johnstown, Pa., in 1893 and published the Daily Democrat, devoted to the single-tax principle; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1906 to the Sixtieth Congress; delegate at large to the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore in 1912; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-third and Sixty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1913-March 3, 1917); chairman, Committee on Mileage (Sixty-third Congress), Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Justice (Sixty-fourth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1916 to the Sixty-fifth Congress and for election in 1920, 1922, and 1926 to the Sixty-seventh, Sixty-eighth, and Seventieth Congresses, respectively; unsuccessfully contested the election of Anderson H. Walters to the Sixty-ninth Congress; resumed journalism in Johnstown, Cambria County, Pa., where he died November 9, 1928; interment in Grandview Cemetery.

BAILEY, Willis Joshua, a Representative from Kansas; born near Mount Carroll, Carroll County, Ill., October 12, 1854; attended the common schools, Mount Carroll High School, and the University of Illinois at Urbana; moved to Nemaha County, Kans., in 1879; engaged in agricultural pursuits, stock raising, and banking; founded the town of Baileyville, Kans.; member of the Kansas house of representatives 1888-1890; president of the Republican State League in 1893; member of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture 1895-1899; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1899-March 3, 1901); was not a candidate for renomination in 1900 to the Fifty-seventh Congress; Governor of Kansas 1903-1905; moved to Atchison, Kans., in 1907 and engaged in the banking business; elected a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Mo., in 1914, governor in 1922, and served until his death in Mission Hills, Johnson County, Kans., May 19, 1932; interment in Mount Vernon Cemetery, Atchison, Kans.

BAIRD, Brian, a Representative from Washington; born in Chama, Rio Arriba County, N.Mex., March 7, 1956; B.S., University of Utah, Provo, Utah, 1977; M.S., University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyo., 1980; Ph.D., University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyo., 1984; clinical psychologist; professor, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Wash., 1986-1998; unsuccessful candidate for election to the One Hundred Fifth Congress in 1996; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Sixth Congress and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1999-present).

BAIRD, David (father of David Baird, Jr.), a Senator from New Jersey; born in Londonderry, County Derry, Ireland, April 7, 1839; attended the common schools; immigrated to the United States in 1856 and entered the lumber business in Port Deposit, Md.; moved in 1860 to Camden, N.J., where he continued in the lumber business and also engaged in banking; member of the board of chosen freeholders of Camden County 1876-1880; sheriff of Camden County 1887-1889 and 1895-1897; member of the State board of assessors in 1895 and 1901-1909; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1910; appointed on February 23, 1918, and subsequently elected on November 5, 1918, as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William Hughes and served from February 23, 1918, to March 3, 1919; was not a candidate for renomination in 1918; resumed his former business pursuits in Camden, N.J., where he died on February 25, 1927; interment in Harleigh Cemetery.

BAIRD, David, Jr. (son of David Baird), a Senator from New Jersey; born in Camden, N.J., October 10, 1881; attended the Raymond Academy at Camden and Penn Charter School in Philadelphia, Penn.; graduated from Lawrenceville (N.J.) School in 1899 and from Princeton University in 1903; engaged in lumber business and banking in Camden, N.J., from 1903 to 1929; appointed on November 30, 1929, as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Walter E. Edge, and served from November 30, 1929, to December 2, 1930, when a duly elected successor qualified; not a candidate for election to the vacancy in 1930; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of New Jersey in 1931; resumed former business pursuits; appointed by the Governor to the Delaware River Joint Commission to fill an unexpired term in 1938; engaged in insurance brokerage business; died in Camden, N.J., February 28, 1955; interment in Harleigh Cemetery.

BAIRD, Joseph Edward, a Representative from Ohio; born at Perrysburg, Wood County, Ohio, November 12, 1865; attended the public schools; was graduated from the Perrysburg High School in 1885 and from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1893; was admitted to the bar in 1893 but did not practice; moved to Bowling Green, Ohio, in 1894 and served as county clerk of Wood County 1894-1900; engaged as a dealer in oil and farm lands from 1900 to 1921; served as mayor of Bowling Green 1902-1905, and as postmaster 1910-1914; secretary of the Ohio Public Utilities Commission 1921-1923; served as assistant secretary of state 1923-1929; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-first Congress (March 4, 1929-March 3, 1931); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1930 to the Seventy-second Congress; retired from active business pursuits and political activities; died in Bowling Green, Ohio, June 14, 1942; interment in Oak Grove Cemetery.

BAIRD, Samuel Thomas, a Representative from Louisiana; born in Oak Ridge, Morehouse Parish, La., May 5, 1861; educated under private tutors and attended the Vincennes (Ind.) University; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1882 and commenced practice in Bastrop, Morehouse Parish, La.; district attorney of the sixth judicial district 1884-1888; district judge of the sixth judicial district 18881892; resumed the practice of law in Bastrop; member of the State senate in 1896; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago in 1896; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth and Fifty-sixth Congresses and served from March 4, 1897, until his death in Washington, D.C., April 22, 1899; interment in Christ Church Cemetery, Bastrop, La.

BAKER, Caleb, a Representative from New York; born in Providence, R.I., in 1762; moved to New York in 1790 and resided in the towns of Chemung, Ashland, and Newtown, Tioga County, from 1790 to 1836, and in Southport, Chemung County, from 1836 until his death; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; assessor of the town of Chemung in 1791; taught school in Wellsburg, Chemung County, in 1803 and 1804; appointed surrogate of Tioga County on April 7, 1806, April 13, 1825, and again in 1829; appointed judge of common pleas in 1810; member of the State assembly in 1814, 1815, and again in 1829; justice of the peace of the town of Chemung in 1816; elected to the Sixteenth Congress (March 4, 1819-March 3, 1821); died in Southport (now a part of Elmira), Chemung County, N.Y., June 26, 1849; interment in Fitzsimmons Cemetery.

BAKER, Charles Simeon, a Representative from New York; born in Churchville, Monroe County, N.Y., February 18, 1839; attended the common schools, Cary Collegiate Institute of Oakfield, and the New York Seminary at Lima; taught school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in December 1860 and commenced practice in Rochester, N.Y.; served in the Union Army during the Civil War as first lieutenant, Company E, Twenty-seventh Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry; disabled in the first Battle of Bull Run and honorably discharged; member of the New York State assembly 1879-1882; served in the State senate in 1884 and 1885; elected as a Republican to the Forty-ninth, Fiftieth, and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1891); chairman, Committee on Commerce (Fifty-first Congress); resumed the practice of law in Rochester, N.Y.; died in Washington, D.C., April 21, 1902; interment in Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, N.Y.

BAKER, David Jewett, a Senator from Illinois; born in East Haddam, Conn., September 7, 1792; moved with his parents to Ontario County, N.Y.; attended the common schools and graduated from Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y., in 1816; studied law; admitted to the Illinois bar in 1819 and commenced the practice of law in Kaskaskia, Ill.; probate judge of Randolph County from August 1827 until December 6, 1830, when he resigned to become Senator; appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John McLean and served from November 12, 1830, to December 11, 1830, when a successor was elected and qualified; was not a candidate for election in 1830 to fill the vacancy; appointed United States district attorney for the district of Illinois in 1833 and served until 1841; resumed the practice of law; died in Alton, Madison County, Ill., August 6, 1869; interment in City Cemetery.

BAKER, Edward Dickinson, a Representative from Illinois and a Senator from Oregon; born in London, England, February 24, 1811; immigrated to the United States in 1815 with his parents, who settled in Philadelphia, Pa.; moved to Illinois in 1825; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice in Springfield; member, State house of representatives 1837; member, State senate 1840-1844; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth Congress and served from March 4, 1845, until his resignation on December 24, 1846, to take effect on January 15, 1847; commissioned colonel of the Fourth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, on July 4, 1846, and served until he was honorably mustered out on May 29, 1847; participated in the siege of Vera Cruz and commanded a brigade at Cerro Gordo; after the Mexican War moved to Galena, Ill.; elected as a Whig to the Thirtyfirst Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); was not a candidate for renomination in 1850; moved to San Francisco, Calif., in 1851 and resumed the practice of law; moved to Oregon in 1860; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1859, and served from October 2, 1860, until his death; raised a regiment in New York City and Philadelphia during the Civil War; commissioned brigadier general of Volunteers May 17, 1861, but declined; colonel of the Seventy-first Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry and major general of Volunteers 1861; killed in the Battle of Balls Bluff, Va., October 21, 1861; interment in San Francisco National Cemetery, San Francisco, Calif. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Blair, Harry, and Tarshis, Rebecca. Colonel Edward D. Baker: Lincoln’s Constant Ally. Portland: Oregon Historical Society, 1960; Braden, Gayle Anderson. ‘‘The Public Career of Edward Dickinson Baker.’’ Ph.D. dissertation, Vanderbilt University, 1960.

BAKER, Ezra, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Tuckerton, N.J., in 1765c; moved with his parents to the Province of East Jersey about 1765; educated for the medical profession and commenced practice; moved to Absecon, N.J., in 1799; served as collector of customs at the port of Great Egg Harbor, N.J., February 18, 1813-March 1, 1815; elected as a Republican to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1817); moved westward to the ‘‘Wabash country’’ with his sons in 1818 and engaged in the culture of castor beans for the New Orleans market; died in the ‘‘Wabash country’’; death date unknown.

BAKER, Henry Moore, a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Bow, near Concord, N.H., January 11, 1841; attended the common schools, Pembroke, Tilton, and Hopkinton Academies, New Hampshire; was graduated from the New Hampshire Conference Seminary in 1859, Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1863, and the law school of Columbian (now George Washington) University, Washington, D.C., in 1866; was admitted to the bar in 1866; clerk in the War and Treasury Departments 1864-1874; commenced the practice of law in Washington, D.C., in 1874; judge advocate general of the National Guard of New Hampshire in 1886 and 1887 with rank of brigadier general; member of the State senate in 1891 and 1892; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Congresses (March 3, 1893-March 3, 1897); was not a candidate for renomination in 1896; resumed the practice of his profession in Washington, D.C., but retained his legal residence in Bow, N.H.; member of the New Hampshire house of representatives 1905-1909; died in Washington, D.C., May 30, 1912; interment in Alexander Cemetery, Bow, N.H.

BAKER, Howard Henry (husband of Irene Bailey Baker and father of Howard Henry Baker, Jr.), a Representative from Tennessee; born in Somerset, Pulaski County, Ky., January 12, 1902; moved with his parents to Huntsville, Scott County, Tenn.; attended the public schools of Scott and Knox Counties, Tenn.; was graduated from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville in 1922 and from its law school in 1924; was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1923 and commenced the practice of law in Huntsville, Tenn.; publisher of a weekly newspaper in Huntsville, Tenn.; served in the Tennessee house of representatives in 1929 and 1930; member of Scott County Board of Education in 1931 and 1932; attorney general of the nineteenth judicial circuit of Tennessee 19341948; vice president and general counsel of the Oneida & Western Railroad Co., in 1945; member of the board of directors, First National Bank of Oneida, Tenn.; unsuccessful Republican candidate for Governor in 1938 and for United States Senator in 1940; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1940, 1948, 1952, and 1956; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1951, until his death in Knoxville, Tenn., January 7, 1964; interment in Sherwood Memorial Gardens.

BAKER, Howard Henry, Jr. (son of Howard Henry Baker, stepson of Irene Bailey Baker, son-in-law of Everett Dirksen, and husband of Nancy Landon Kassebaum), a Senator from Tennessee; born in Huntsville, Scott County, Tenn., November 15, 1925; attended Tulane University, New Orleans, La., and University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn.; graduated from the University of Tennessee Law College 1949; served in the United States Navy 1943-1946; admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1949 and commenced practice; unsuccessful candidate for election to the U.S. Senate in 1964; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1966; reelected in 1972 and again in 1978, and served from January 3, 1967, to January 3, 1985; did not seek reelection; minority leader 1977-1981; majority leader 1981-1985; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 1980; lawyer in Washington, D.C.; awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on March 26, 1984; chief of staff to President Ronald Reagan 1987-1988; U.S. Ambassador to Japan, 2001-. Bibliography: Annis, James. Howard Baker: Conciliator in an Age of Crises. Lanham, Md.: Madison Books, 1994; U.S. Congress. Senate. Tributes to the Honorable Howard Baker, Jr., of Tennessee in the United States Senate, Upon the Occasion of His Retirement from the Senate. 98th Cong., 2d sess., 1984. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1984.

BAKER, Irene Bailey (wife of Howard Henry Baker and stepmother of Howard Henry Baker, Jr.), a Representative from Tennessee; born Edith Irene Bailey, November 17, 1901, in Sevierville, Sevier County, Tenn., attended the public schools of Sevierville and Maryville; studied music; deputy county court clerk, 1918-1922; deputy clerk and master, Chancery Court, Sevierville, Tenn., 1922-1924; Republican National Committeewoman for Tennessee 1960-1964; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Howard H. Baker, serving from March 10, 1964, to January 3, 1965; was not a candidate in 1964 for renomination to the Eightyninth Congress; director, Public Welfare, city of Knoxville, 1965-1971; was a resident of Knoxville, Tenn., until her death in Loudon, Tenn., on April 2, 1994.

BAKER, Jacob Thompson, a Representative from New Jersey; born near Cowan, Union County, Pa., April 13, 1847; attended the public schools and Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1870 and commenced practice in Lewisburg, Pa.; chairman of the Democratic State convention in 1905; moved to New Jersey and was one of the founders of Wildwood and the borough of Wildwood Crest; first mayor of the consolidated city of Wildwood in 1911 and 1912; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1912; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-third Congress (March 4, 1913-March 3, 1915); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1914 to the Sixtyfourth Congress; resumed real-estate activities in Wildwood, N.J.; died in Philadelphia, Pa., December 7, 1919; interment in Cold Spring Cemetery, Cold Spring, Cape May County, N.J.

BAKER, Jehu, a Representative from Illinois; born near Lexington, Fayette County, Ky., November 4, 1822; moved with his father to Lebanon, Ill., in 1829; attended the common schools and McKendree College at Lebanon; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1846 and commenced practice at Belleville, St. Clair County, Ill.; master in chancery of St. Clair County 1861-1865; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses (March 4, 1865March 3, 1869); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Thirty-ninth Congress), Committee on Education and Labor (Fortieth Congress); served as United States Minister to Venezuela 1878-1881 and 18821885, being Minister Resident and consul general for a time during the latter portion of his service; elected as a Republican to the Fiftieth Congress (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1889); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1888 to the Fifty-first Congress; continued the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1897March 3, 1899); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1898 to the Fifty-sixth Congress; resumed the practice of law; died in Belleville, Ill., on March 1, 1903; interment in Walnut Hill Cemetery.

BAKER, John, a Representative from Virginia; born in Frederick County, Md., birth dates unknown; attended Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), Lexington, Va., for three years; studied law; was admitted to the bar and began practice in Berkeley County, Va. (now Jefferson County, W.Va.); member of the State house of delegates, 1798-1799; one of the lawyers who defended Aaron Burr when he was tried for treason; elected as a Federalist to the Twelfth Congress (March 4, 1811-March 3, 1813); resumed the practice of law; Commonwealth attorney for Jefferson County; died in Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, Va. (now West Virginia), August 18, 1823; interment in the Old Episcopal Church Cemetery.

BAKER, John Harris (brother of Lucien Baker), a Representative from Indiana; born in Parma Township, Monroe County, N.Y., February 28, 1832; moved with his parents to the present county of Fulton, Ohio; attended the public schools; taught school; attended the Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio, two years; studied law in Adrian, Mich.; was admitted to the bar in 1857 and commenced practice in Goshen, Ind.; member of the State senate in 1862, but, being a notary public at the time, was unseated because the State constitution forbid the simultaneous holding of two lucrative offices; elected as a Republican to the Fortyfourth, Forty-fifth, and Forty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1881); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1880; resumed the practice of law in Goshen, Ind.; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1888; appointed judge of the United States District Court for Indiana by President Harrision in 1892 and served until his retirement in 1904; resided in Goshen, Elkhart County, Ind., until his death on October 21, 1915; interment in Oak Ridge Cemetery.

BAKER, LaMar, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Chattanooga, Hamilton County, Tenn., December 29, 1915; attended the Chattanooga public schools; attended David Lipscomb College, Nashville, Tenn., 1936-1938; B.S., Harding College, Searcy, Ark., 1940; United States Army Air Corps, 1942-1946; member of the Tennessee state general assembly, 1967-1968; member of the Tennessee state senator, 1969-1970; business owner; trustee, Boyd-Buchanan School; delegate to Tennessee State Republican conventions, 1964-1972; delegate to Republican National Convention, 1972; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-second and Ninety-third Congresses (January 3, 1971-January 3, 1975); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fourth Congress in 1974; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976; regional representative to the secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation, 19811985; died on June 20, 2003, Nashville, Tenn.; interment in Woodlawn Memorial Park, Nashville, Tenn.

BAKER, Lucien (brother of John Harris Baker), a Senator from Kansas; born near Cleveland, Fulton County, Ohio, June 8, 1846; moved with his parents to Morenci, Mich.; attended the public schools and graduated from Adrian College, Michigan, and from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor; admitted to the bar in 1868 and commenced practice in Leavenworth, Kans., in 1869; city attorney of Leavenworth 1872-1874; member of the State senate 1893-1895; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1895, to March 3, 1901; unsuccessful candidate for renomination; chairman, Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment (Fifty-sixth Congress); resumed the practice of law in Leavenworth, Kans., where he died on June 21, 1907; interment in Mount Muncie Cemetery.

BAKER, Nancy Kassebaum, a Senator from Kansas (See

KASSEBAUM, Nancy Landon)

BAKER, Osmyn, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Amherst, Mass., May 18, 1800; attended Amherst Academy; was graduated from Yale College in 1822; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Amherst in 1825; member of the State house of representatives 1833, 1834, 1836, and 1837; county commissioner of Hampshire County 1834-1837; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James C. Alvord; reelected to the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses and served from January 14, 1840, to March 3, 1845; chairman, Committee on Accounts (Twenty-seventh Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1844; resumed the practice of law at Northampton in 1845; first president of Smith Charities 1860-1870; died in Northampton, Mass., February 9, 1875; interment in Bridge Street Cemetery.

BAKER, Richard Hugh, a Representative from Louisiana; born in New Orleans, Orleans Parish, La., May 22, 1948; graduated from University High School; B.A., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La., 1971; member of the Louisiana state house of representatives, 1972-1986; elected as a Republican to the One Hundredth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1987-present).

BAKER, Robert, a Representative from New York; born at Bury St. Edmunds, England, in April 1862; attended the common schools; immigrated to the United States in 1882 and settled in Albany, N.Y.; moved to Brooklyn, N.Y., in 1889; unsuccessful candidate for election to the State assembly in 1894; auditor of New York City in 1902; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1903March 3, 1905); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1904 to the Fifty-ninth Congress and for election in 1906 to the Sixtieth Congress; became secretary of the New York City Department of Docks and Ferries in 1906; engaged in stone paving and in the general real-estate business in Brooklyn, N.Y., until his death there on June 15, 1943; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

BAKER, Stephen, a Representative from New York; born in New York City, August 12, 1819; attended the common schools; engaged as importer and jobber in woolen goods; moved to Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, N.Y., in 1850; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1863); abandoned active business pursuits and lived in retirement until his death, while en route to California for his health, on a train near Ogden, Utah, June 9, 1875; interment in the Rural Cemetery, Poughkeepsie, N.Y.

BAKER, William, a Representative from Kansas; born near Centerville, Washington County, Pa., April 29, 1831; attended the public schools and was graduated from the Waynesboro College in 1856; taught school; moved to Iowa in 1859 and became principal of the public schools in Council Bluffs; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1860 but never practiced; returned to Bealsville, Washington County, Pa., in 1865; engaged in mercantile pursuits 18651878; moved to Lincoln County, Kans., in 1878; engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock raising; elected as a Populist to the Fifty-second, Fifty-third, and Fifty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1891-March 3, 1897); was not a candidate for renomination in 1896; resumed agricultural pursuits; died in Lincoln, Kans., February 11, 1910; interment in Lincoln Center Cemetery.

BAKER, William Benjamin, a Representative from Maryland; born near Aberdeen, Harford County, Md., July 22, 1840; attended the common schools and was privately tutored; engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1872, when he became interested in the canning industry, and later in banking; delegate to several State and congressional conventions; member of the State house of delegates in 1881; served in the State senate in 1893; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, and Fifty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1901); was not a candidate for renomination in 1900; resumed the canning business; died in Aberdeen, Md., May 17, 1911; interment in Baker’s Cemetery.

BAKER, William Henry, a Representative from New York; born in Lenox Township, Madison County, N.Y., January 17, 1827; moved with his parents to Oswego County in 1829; attended the common schools and Red Creek and Mexico Academies; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Syracuse, N.Y., in November 1851 and commenced practice in Cleveland, N.Y.; moved to Constantia, Oswego County, N.Y., in 1853; served as district attorney for Oswego County from January 1863 to January 1870; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1879); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1878; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1884; engaged in agricultural pursuits; died in Constantia, N.Y., November 25, 1911; interment in Trinity Church Cemetery.

BAKER, William P., a Representative from California; born in Oakland, Calif., June 14, 1940; attended public schools; B.S., San Jose State College, 1963; served in the United States Coast Guard Reserve, 1957-1965; businessman and farmer; budget analyst, California State department of finance, 1968-1972; executive vice president, Contra Costa Taxpayers Association, 1972-1978; member, California State assembly, 1981-1993; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Third and One Hundred Fourth Congresses (January 3, 1993-January 3, 1997); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Fifth Congress.

BAKEWELL, Charles Montague, a Representative from Connecticut; born in Pittsburgh, Pa., April 24, 1867; attended the public schools and the preparatory department of Western University of Pennsylvania (now the University of Pittsburgh); was graduated from the University of California at Berkeley in 1889 and from Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., in 1894; attended the Universities of Berlin, Strassburg, and Paris 1894-1896; instructor in philosophy at Harvard University in 1896 and 1897 and at the University of California in 1897 and 1898; associate professor at Bryn Mawr College 1898-1900; associate professor and professor at the University of California 1900-1905; professor of philosophy at Yale University 1905-1933; president of the American Philosophical Association in 1910; during the First World War served as inspector and historian, with rank of major and deputy commissioner, under the Italian Commission of the American Red Cross in Italy; served in the State senate 1920-1924; served as chairman of the commission to revise and codify the educational laws of the State of Connecticut 1921-1923; also engaged as an author and editor; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-third Congress (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1935); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1934 to the Seventy-fourth Congress; died in New Haven, Conn., September 19, 1957; interment in Grove Street Cemetery.

BAKEWELL, Claude Ignatius, a Representative from Missouri; born in St. Louis, Mo., August 9, 1912; graduated from St. Louis University High School, St. Louis, Mo.; graduated, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.,1932; graduated, St. Louis University School of Law, 1935; lawyer, private practice; member, board of aldermen of St. Louis, Mo., 1941-1945; postmaster, city of St. Louis, 1958; United States Navy, 1944-1946; elected as a Republican to the Eightieth Congress (January 3, 1947-January 3, 1949); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Eighty-first Congress in 1948; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second Congress in a special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative John B. Sullivan (March 9, 1951- January 3, 1953); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Eighty-third Congress in 1952; died, in University City, Mo., March 18, 1987; interment at Calvary Cemetery, St. Louis, Mo.

BALDACCI, John Elias, a Representative from Maine; born in Bangor, Penobscot County, Maine, January 30, 1955; graduated from Bangor High School, Bangor, Maine, 1973; B.A., University of Maine, Orono, 1986; member of Bangor, Maine, city council, 1978-1981; member of the Maine state senate, 1982-1994; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1995-January 3, 2003); not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Eighth Congress in 2002; Governor of Maine, 2003 to present.

BALDRIGE, Howard Malcolm, a Representative from Nebraska; born in Omaha, Nebr., June 23, 1894; attended the public schools and was graduated from the Omaha High School; attended Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., and was graduated from Yale University in 1918; during the First World War served as captain of Battery F, Three Hundred and Thirty-eighth Field Artillery; was graduated from the Nebraska Law School, at Lincoln, in 1921; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Omaha, Nebr.; served in the State house of representatives in 1923; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1924 and 1928; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-second Congress (March 4, 1931-March 3, 1933); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932 to the Seventy-third Congress; resumed the practice of law; during the Second World War entered the Army on June 10, 1942, as a major in the Air Corps and was discharged as a colonel on October 25, 1945; resumed the practice of law with offices in New York City, and Washington, D.C.; was a resident of Washington, Conn., until his death, January 19, 1985, in Southbury, Conn.

BALDUS, Alvin James, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Garner, Hancock County, Iowa, April 27, 1926; graduated, Elkton (Minn.) High School; A.A., Austin (Minn.) Junior College, 1946-1948; worked as investment broker and manufacturer’s agent for farm machinery; served in the United States Merchant Marine, 1944-1946; United States Army, 1951-1953, recipient of bronze star; served in the Wisconsin general assembly, 1966-1975; assistant majority leader, 1973; delegate, Wisconsin State Democratic conventions, 1966-1987; elected as a Democrat to the Ninetyfourth through the Ninety-sixth Congresses (January 3, 1975-January 3, 1981); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1980 to the Ninety-seventh Congress; member of the Wisconsin State assembly, 1989-1996; is a resident of Prescott, Wis.

BALDWIN, Abraham (half-brother of Henry Baldwin of Pennsylvania), a Delegate, a Representative, and a Senator from Georgia; born in North Guilford, Conn., November 22, 1754; moved with his father to New Haven, Conn., in 1769; attended private schools; graduated from Yale College in 1772; subsequently studied theology at the college and was licensed to preach in 1775; served as a tutor in that institution 1775-1779, when he resigned to enter the Army; chaplain in the Second Connecticut Brigade, Revolutionary Army, from 1777 until 1783, when the troops disbanded; studied law during his service in the Army; admitted to the bar in 1783 and practiced at Fairfield; moved to Augusta, Ga., in 1784 and continued the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives 1785; originator of the plan for, and author of, the charter of the University of Georgia and served as president 1786-1801; member of the Continental Congress 1785, 1787, and 1788; member of the United States Constitutional Convention 1787; elected to the First and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1789-March 3, 1799); elected to the United States Senate in 1799; reelected in 1805 and served from March 4, 1799, until his death on March 4, 1807; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Seventh Congress; died in Washington, D.C.; interment in Rock Creek Cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Furlong, Patrick J. ‘‘Abraham Baldwin: A Georgia Yankee as Old-Congress Man.’’ Georgia Historical Quarterly 56 (Spring 1972): 51-71; Coulter, E. Merton. Abraham Baldwin: Patriot, Educator, and Founding Father. Arlington, VA: Vandamere Press, 1987.

BALDWIN, Augustus Carpenter, a Representative from Michigan; born in Salina (now Syracuse), Onondaga County, N.Y., December 24, 1817; attended the public schools; moved to Oakland County, Mich., in 1837 and taught school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice in Milford, Oakland County; member of the State house of representatives 1844-1846, serving as speaker pro tempore in 1846; moved to Pontiac, Mich., in March 1849; prosecuting attorney for Oakland County 1853 and 1854; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions at Charleston and Baltimore in 1860; elected as a Union Democrat to the Thirty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1865); unsuccessfully contested the election of Rowland E. Trowbridge to the Thirty-ninth Congress; delegate to the peace convention at Philadelphia in 1866; member of the Pontiac School Board 1868-1886; mayor of Pontiac in 1874; judge of the sixth judicial circuit court of Michigan from 1875 until April 15, 1880, when he resigned and resumed the practice of law; member of the board of trustees of the Eastern Michigan Asylum; died in Pontiac, Oakland County, Mich., January 21, 1903; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

BALDWIN, Harry Streett, a Representative from Maryland; born in Baldwin, Baltimore County, Md., August 21, 1894; attended the public and high schools, and the University of Maryland at College Park, Md.; owner and operator of a large truck farm; served in the State house of delegates in 1931; member of the board of county commissioners 19341942, serving as president 1938-1942; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-eighth and Seventy-ninth Congresses (January 3, 1943-January 3, 1947); was not a candidate for renomination in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress, but was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for the gubernatorial nomination; resumed agricultural pursuits; again elected to the board of county commissioners in 1950 and was serving as chairman at time of death; died in Baltimore, Md., October 19, 1952; interment in Chestnut Grove Cemetery, Jacksonville, Md.

BALDWIN, Henry, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in New Haven, Conn., January 14, 1780; was graduated from Hopkins Grammar School in 1793 and from Yale College in 1797; studied law; was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 1798 and commenced practice in Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1801; moved to Meadville, Crawford County, Pa.; elected to the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1817, until his resignation on May 8, 1822; chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Sixteenth and Seventeenth Congresses); engaged in the manufacture of iron at Bear Creek, Butler County, Pa.; resumed the practice of law in Pittsburgh, Pa., appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court on January 6, 1830, and served until his death in Philadelphia, Pa., April 21, 1844; interment in Greendale Cemetery, Meadville, Pa.

BALDWIN, Henry Alexander, a Delegate from the Territory of Hawaii; born in Paliuli, Maui County, Hawaii, January 12, 1871; attended Haiku School in Haiku, and Punahou School in Honolulu; was graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass., in 1889 and from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass., in 1894; engaged in sugar planting; member of the Territorial senate 1913-1921; served as a lieutenant colonel and later as colonel in the Third Regiment of the Hawaii National Guard 1915-1917; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of J. Kuhio Kalanianaole and served from March 25, 1922, to March 3, 1923; declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1922; resumed his former business pursuits and was also interested in banking; served in the Hawaii house of representatives in 1933; member of the Hawaii senate 1934-1937, serving as president during the 1937 session; died at Paia, Maui County, Hawaii, October 8, 1946; interment in Makawao Cemetery, Makawao, Hawaii.

BALDWIN, Henry Porter, a Senator from Michigan; born in Coventry, R.I., February 22, 1814; attended the common schools; moved to Detroit, Mich., and established wholesale business in boots and shoes in 1838; member of the convention which organized the Republican Party in Jackson, Mich., in 1854; director of the Michigan State Bank and president of the Second National Bank of Detroit 18631887; member, State senate 1861-1862; Governor of Michigan 1869-1873; appointed and subsequently elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Zachariah Chandler and served from November 17, 1879, to March 3, 1881; was not a candidate for reelection; resumed his former business pursuits; president of the Detroit National Bank 1883-1887; died in Detroit, Mich., December 31, 1892; interment in Elmwood Cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography.

BALDWIN, John, a Representative from Connecticut; born in Mansfield, Conn., April 5, 1772; attended the common schools; was graduated from Brown University, Providence, R.I., in 1797; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1800 and commenced practice in Windham, Conn.; probate judge of Windham County 1818-1824; elected to the Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses (March 4, 1825-March 3, 1829); affiliated with the Whig Party after its formation; resumed the practice of law; died in Windham, Windham County, Conn., March 27, 1850; interment in Windham Cemetery.

BALDWIN, John Denison, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in North Stonington, Conn., September 28, 1809; moved with his parents to Chenango County, N.Y., in 1816; returned to North Stonington in 1823; attended schools in Chenango County, N.Y., and in North Stonington, Conn.; studied law for a time but discontinued the study for theology; was graduated from the Yale Divinity School in 1834; was licensed to preach and assumed Congregational pastorates in West Woodstock, Conn., 1834-1837, in North Branford 1838-1845, and in North Killingly 1846-1849; member of the State house of representatives 1847-1852; engaged in newspaper work in Hartford, Conn., 1849-1852, in Boston, Mass., 1852-1859, and was connected with the Worcester Spy from 1859 until his death; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, and Fortieth Congresses (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1869); was not a candidate for reelection in 1868; resumed his newspaper interests; died in Worcester, Mass., July 8, 1883; interment in the Rural Cemetery.

BALDWIN, John Finley, Jr., a Representative from California; born in Oakland, Alameda County, Calif., June 28, 1915; graduated from San Ramon Valley Union High School in Danville, Calif., and from the University of California at Berkeley in 1935, majoring in accounting and finance; assistant manager of South-Western Publishing Co., of San Francisco, 1936-1941; enlisted as a private in the United States Army in April 1941; served as director of training, Army Finance School, in 1943 and 1944; Chief of Foreign Fiscal Affairs Branch, Office of Fiscal Director, War Department, in 1945, and executive officer, Office of Fiscal Director, Mediterranean Theater, in 1946; discharged as a lieutenant colonel in October 1946; decorated by Italian Government for work in the devaluation of the lira currency in 1946; graduated from the University of California Boalt Hall School of Law in Berkeley in 1949; was admitted to the bar in 1950 and commenced the practice of law in Martinez, Calif.; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-fourth and to the five succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1955, until his death in Washington, D.C., on March 9, 1966; interment in Oakmont Memorial Park, Pleasant Hill, Calif.

BALDWIN, Joseph Clark, a Representative from New York; born in New York City, January 11, 1897; attended private schools; was graduated from St. Paul’s School, Concord, N.H., in 1916 and from Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., in 1920; enlisted in the Navy in 1917 and was transferred to the Army in 1918, serving overseas as a private in the Machine Gun Company of the Three Hundred and Fifth Infantry; received a commission and commanded the First Platoon, Machine Gun Company, Thirtyninth Infantry; officer of the French Legion of Honor; political reporter for the New York Tribune and later associate editor for the North Westchester Times 1922-1930; established a public relations firm in 1930; served as a member of the board of aldermen of New York City 1929-1934; member of the State senate 1934-1936; delegate to the New York State constitutional convention in 1938; member of the New York City council 1937-1941; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Kenneth F. Simpson; reelected to the Seventyeighth and Seventy-ninth Congresses and served from March 11, 1941, to January 3, 1947; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress; became a representative for United Dye and Chemical Corp., and William Recht Co., Inc.; died in New York City, October 27, 1957; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery.

BALDWIN, Melvin Riley, a Representative from Minnesota; born near Chester, Windsor County, Vt., April 12, 1838; moved with his parents to Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wis., in 1847; attended the common schools; entered Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis., in 1855; studied law but adopted civil engineering as a profession; engaged on the Chicago & North Western Railway until April 19, 1861, when he enlisted as a private in Company E, Second Regiment, Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry; commissioned captain of his company; was captured at Gettysburg and confined in Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., at Macon, Ga., and at Charleston and Columbia, S.C., being prisoner for eighteen months; after the war engaged in operative railway work in Kansas; general superintendent for four years; moved to Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn., in 1885; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-third Congress (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1895); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress; chairman of the Chippewa Indian Commission 1894-1897; went to Alaska in November 1897; died in Seattle, Wash., April 15, 1901; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery, Duluth, Minn.

BALDWIN, Raymond Earl, a Senator from Connecticut; born in Rye, Westchester County, N.Y., August 31, 1893; moved to Middletown, Conn., in 1903 and attended the public schools; graduated, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., 1916; entered Yale University in 1916 but, when war was declared, enlisted as a seaman in the United States Navy; assigned to officers’ training school, commissioned an ensign in February 1918, and promoted to lieutenant (jg.) in September 1918; resigned from the Navy in August 1919 and returned to Yale University Law School, graduating in 1921; admitted to the bar in 1921 and practiced in New Haven and Bridgeport, Conn.; prosecutor of Stratford Town Court 1927-1930; judge of Stratford Town Court 1931-1933; member of the State house of representatives 1931-1933, serving as majority leader in 1933; resumed the practice of law 1933-1938; town chairman of Stratford, Conn. 19351937; Governor of Connecticut 1939-1940; unsuccessful candidate for reelection as Governor in 1940; again elected Governor in 1942 and 1944, and served until his resignation on December 25, 1946, having been elected United States Senator; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate on November 5, 1946, to fill the vacancy in the term ending January 3, 1947, caused by the death of Francis T. Maloney, and at the same time was elected for the term commencing January 3, 1947, and served from December 27, 1946, until his resignation on December 16, 1949; associate justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors; appointed chief justice in 1959 and served until his retirement in 1963; chairman, Connecticut Constitutional Convention 1965; died in Fairfield, Conn., October 4, 1986; interment in Indian Hill Cemetery, Middletown, Conn. Bibliography: Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives; Baldwin, Raymond. Let’s Go Into Politics. New York: Macmillan, 1952; Johnson, Curtis. Raymond E. Baldwin: Connecticut Statesman. Chester, Conn.: Pequot Press, 1972.

BALDWIN, Roger Sherman (son of Simeon Baldwin, grandson of Roger Sherman, cousin of William Evarts), a Senator from Connecticut; born in New Haven, Conn., January 4, 1793; attended the common schools and the Hopkins Grammar School; graduated from Yale College in 1811; studied law in his father’s office and in 1812 entered the Litchfield Law School; admitted to the bar in 1814 and commenced practice in New Haven, Conn.; member, State senate 1837-1838; member, State house of representatives 1840-1841; Governor of Connecticut 1844-1846; appointed and subsequently elected as a Whig to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Jabez W. Huntington and served from November 11, 1847, to March 3, 1851; member of the peace convention held in Washington, D.C., in 1861 in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; died in New Haven, Conn., February 19, 1863; interment in the Grove Street Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography.

BALDWIN, Simeon (father of Roger Sherman Baldwin), a Representative from Connecticut; born in Norwich, Conn., December 14, 1761; completed preparatory studies; was graduated from Yale College in 1781; was preceptor of the academy at Albany in 1782; tutor at Yale College from October 1783 until his resignation in September 1786; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1786 and commenced practice in New Haven, Conn., the same year; elected city clerk in 1789 and served until June 1800; in 1790 was appointed clerk of the District and Circuit Courts of the United States for the District of Connecticut and served until November 1803, when he resigned, having been elected to Congress; elected as a Federalist to the Eighth Congress (March 4, 1803-March 3, 1805); declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1804; again appointed to his former clerkship, but was removed by Judge Edwards in 1806; associate judge of the superior court and of the supreme court of errors 1806-1817; president of the board of commissioners that located the Farmington Canal 1822-1830, when he resigned; mayor of New Haven in 1826; died in New Haven, Conn., May 26, 1851; interment in the Grove Street Cemetery.

BALDWIN, Tammy, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Madison, Dane County, Wis., February 11, 1962; graduated from Madison West High School, Madison, Wis., 1980; A.B., Smith College, Northampton, Mass., 1984; J.D., University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, Wis., 1989; lawyer, private practice; Dane County, Wis., board of supervisors, 1986-1994; member of the Wisconsin state assembly, 1993-1999; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Sixth and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1999present).

BALL, Edward, a Representative from Ohio; born in Fairfax County, near Falls Church, Va., November 6, 1811; attended the village school; moved to Ohio and located near Zanesville; engaged in agricultural pursuits; deputy sheriff of Muskingum County in 1837 and 1838 and sheriff 18391843; member of the State house of representatives 18451849; became editor of the Zanesville Courier in 1849; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress and reelected as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1857); chairman, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Thirty-fourth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1856; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1860 and commenced practice in Zanesville; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1860; Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives in the Thirty-seventh Congress 1861-1863; resumed the practice of law; again a member of the State house of representatives 1868-1870; accidentally killed by a railroad train near Zanesville, Ohio, on November 22, 1872; interment in Greenwood Cemetery.

BALL, Joseph Hurst, a Senator from Minnesota; born in Crookston, Polk County, Minn., November 3, 1905; attended the public schools; student at Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio 1922-1924, Eau Claire (Wis.) Normal School 1925, and the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis in 1926 and 1927; journalist and writer 1927-1940; appointed on October 14, 1940, as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Ernest Lundeen for the term ending January 2, 1943, and served from October 14, 1940, to November 17, 1942, when a duly elected successor qualified; elected in 1942 for the term commencing January 3, 1943, and served from January 3, 1943, to January 3, 1949; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1948; chairman, Joint Committee on Labor-Management Relations (Eightieth Congress); resumed journalistic activities; shipping executive; lived on a farm near Front Royal, Va., until his death in Chevy Chase, Md., December 18, 1993. Bibliography: Stuhler, Barbara. ‘‘Senator Joseph H. Ball: Pioneering Internationalist.’’ In Ten Men of Minnesota and American Foreign Policy, 1898-1968, pp. 123-44. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1973.

BALL, Lewis Heisler, a Representative and a Senator from Delaware; born near Stanton, New Castle County, Del., September 21, 1861; attended the common schools and Rugby Academy at Wilmington; graduated from Delaware College, Newark, Del., in 1882 and from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1885; commenced the practice of medicine at Brandywine Springs, Del., in 1887; State treasurer of Delaware 18991901; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-seventh Congress and served from March 4, 1901, to March 3, 1903, when he resigned to become Senator; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1902 to the Fifty-eighth Congress; elected to the United States Senate on March 2, 1903, to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1899, caused by the failure of the legislature to elect, and served from March 4, 1903, to March 3, 1905; resumed the practice of medicine at Brandywine Springs, Del.; again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1919, to March 3, 1925; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1924; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Sixty-sixth Congress), Committee on the District of Columbia (Sixty-seventh and Sixty-eighth Congresses); appointed a member of the rent commission of Washington, D.C., in 1925; resumed the practice of medicine; died in Faulkland, Del., October 18, 1932; interment in St. James Cemetery, Stanton, Del.

BALL, Thomas Henry, a Representative from Texas; born in Huntsville, Walker County, Tex., January 14, 1859; attended private schools; was graduated from Austin College, Sherman, Tex., in 1876; studied law at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville; was admitted to the bar in 1886 and commenced practice in Huntsville, Tex.; mayor of Huntsville 1887-1893; chairman of the Democratic executive committee of Walker County 1884-1896; delegate to all State conventions from 1886 to 1924, with three exceptions; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1892, 1924, and 1928; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1897, to November 16, 1903, when he resigned; resumed the practice of his profession; unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1914; general counsel for the State council of defense during the First World War; general counsel for the port commission of the Houston Harbor and Ship Channel from May 1922 to August 1931, when he retired; died in Houston, Tex., May 7, 1944; interment in Forest Park Cemetery.

BALL, Thomas Raymond, a Representative from Connecticut; born in New York City, February 12, 1896; attended the public schools, Anglo-Saxon School, Paris, France, Heathcote School, Harrison, N.Y., and the Art Students League, New York City; engaged as a designer in 1916; during the First World War served in the Depot Battalion, Seventh New York Infantry, in 1917, and overseas with the Camouflage Section, Fortieth United States Engineers, 1918-1919; after the war located in Old Lyme, Conn., and engaged in architectural pursuits; member of the board of education 1926-1938, and also served as selectman of Old Lyme, Conn.; served in the State house of representatives 1927-1937; elected as a Republican to the Seventysixth Congress (January 3, 1939-January 3, 1941); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1940 to the Seventy-seventh Congress; resumed his former pursuits at Old Lyme, Conn.; died in Old Lyme, Conn., June 16, 1943; interment in Duck River Cemetery.

BALL, William Lee, a Representative from Virginia; born in Lancaster County, Va., January 2, 1781; received a liberal schooling; served in the State house of delegates, 1805-1806 and 1810-1814 and in the State senate, 1814-1817; served as paymaster in the War of 1812 and was assigned to the Ninety-second Virginia Regiment; elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth Congress and reelected to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1817, until his death in Washington, D.C., February 29, 1824; interment in the Congressional Cemetery.

BALLANCE, Frank W., a Representative from North Carolina; born in Windsor, Bertie County, N. C., February 15, 1942; graduated from W.S. Etheridge High School, Windsor, N. C., 1959; B.S., North Carolina Central University, Durham, N.C., 1963; North Carolina Central Law School, Durham, N.C., 1965; North Carolina National Guard, 1968; North Carolina Reserves, 1968-1971; lawyer, private practice; librarian; professor, South Carolina State College, 19651966; member of the North Carolina state house of representatives, 1982-1985; member of the North Carolina state senate, 1989-2002; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Eighth Congress and served until resignation June 11, 2004 (January 3, 2003- June 11, 2004).

BALLENGER, Cass (great-great-grandson of Lewis Cass), a Representative from North Carolina; born in Hickory, Catawaba County, N.C., December 6, 1926; graduated from Episcopal High School, Alexandria, Va., 1944; attended University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., 1944-1945; B.A., Amherst College, Amherst, Mass., 1948; United States Naval Air Corps, 1944-1945; member of the North Carolina state house of representatives, 1974-1976; member of the North Carolina state senate, 1976-1986; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-ninth Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Representative James Broyhill, and at the same time elected to the One Hundredth Congress and reelected to the eight succeeding Congresses (November 4, 1986- January 3, 2005); not a candidate for reelection in 2004.

BALLENTINE, John Goff, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Pulaski, Giles County, Tenn., May 20, 1825; was graduated from Wurtemberg Academy in 1841, from the University of Nashville in 1845, and from the law department of Harvard University in 1848; was a member of the faculty of Livingston Law School in New York; commenced the practice of law in Pulaski; moved to Mississippi about 1854; continued the practice of law and engaged in agricultural pursuits; settled in Memphis, Tenn., in 1860; served as a colonel in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; returned to Pulaski, Tenn.; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1887); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1886; retired from active pursuits; died in Pulaski, Tenn., on November 23, 1915; interment in the New Pulaski Cemetery.

BALLOU, Latimer Whipple, a Representative from Rhode Island; born in Cumberland, R.I., March 1, 1812; attended the public schools and the local academies in his native town; moved to Cambridge, Mass., in 1828 and learned the art of printing at the University Press; was instrumental in establishing the Cambridge Press in 1835 and continued in the printing business until 1842, when he moved to Woonsocket, R.I.; engaged in banking in 1850; was active in the organization of the Republican Party in 1856; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1872; elected as a Republican to the Fortyfourth, Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1881); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1880; engaged in his former business pursuits until his death in Woonsocket, Providence County, R.I., May 9, 1900; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

BALTZ, William Nicolas, a Representative from Illinois; born in Millstadt, St. Clair County, Ill., February 5, 1860; attended the public schools; engaged in agricultural pursuits, milling, and banking; member of the Millstadt Board of Education and served as president 1892-1917; member of the St. Clair County Board of Supervisors 1897-1913, serving as presiding officer from 1908 to 1911; member of the Democratic county central committee 1905-1913; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-third Congress (March 4, 1913March 3, 1915); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1914 to the Sixty-fourth Congress; mayor of Millstadt six years; resumed agricultural and industrial pursuits at Millstadt, Ill., until his death there August 22, 1943; interment in Mount Evergreen Cemetery.

BANDSTRA, Bert Andrew, a Representative from Iowa; born in Monroe County, Iowa, January 25, 1922; attended New Sharon High School; United States Navy, 1942-1945; graduated from Central College, Pella, Iowa, 1950; graduated from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1953; lawyer, private practice; Marion County attorney, 1955-1959; staff, United States Representative Neal Smith of Iowa, 1959-1964; elected as a Democrat to the Eightyninth Congress (January 3, 1965-January 3, 1967); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninetieth Congress in 1966 and the Ninety-first in 1968; died on October 23, 1995, in Pella, Iowa; interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Pella, Iowa.

BANISTER, John, a Delegate from Virginia; born at ‘‘Hatcher’s Run,’’ near Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Va., December 26, 1734; attended a private school at Wakefield, England, and was graduated in law from the Temple in London; returned to Virginia and commenced the practice of law in Petersburg; also engaged as a planter; member of the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1765, 1766-1774, and 1775; member of the conventions of 1775 and 1776; served in the State house of delegates in 1776, 1777, and 17811783; Member of the Continental Congress in 1778; one of the framers and signers of the Articles of Confederation; during the Revolutionary War served as major and lieutenant colonel of the Virginia Militia; died on his estate, ‘‘Hatcher’s Run,’’ near Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Va., on September 30, 1788; interment in the family burying ground on his estate.

BANKHEAD, John Hollis (father of John Hollis Bankhead II and William Brockman Bankhead, and grandfather of Walter Will Bankhead), a Representative and a Senator from Alabama; born in Moscow, Marion (now Lamar) County, Ala., September 13, 1842; attended the common schools; planter; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War as captain in the Alabama Infantry; member, State house of representatives 1865-1867 and again in 1880 and 1881; member, State senate 1876-1877; warden of the State penitentiary at Wetumpka 1881-1885; moved to Fayette, Ala., in 1885 and resumed planting; in 1912 moved to Jasper, Ala.; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and to the nine succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1907); chairman, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1906; appointed a member of the Inland Waterways Commission in 1907; appointed and subsequently elected to the United States Senate in 1907 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John T. Morgan; reelected in 1912 and 1918 and served from June 18, 1907, until his death in Washington, D.C., March 1, 1920; chairman, Committee on Standards, Weights, and Measures (Sixty-second Congress), Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Sixty-third through Sixty-fifth Congresses), Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Interior (Sixty-sixth Congress); interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Jasper, Ala. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; U.S. Congress. Memorial Services for John Hollis Bankhead. 66th Cong., 3rd sess., 1920-1921. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1921.

BANKHEAD, John Hollis II (son of John Hollis Bankhead, brother of William Brockman Bankhead, and father of Walter Will Bankhead), a Senator from Alabama; born on a farm near Old Moscow, Lamar County, Ala., July 8, 1872; attended the public schools; graduated from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1891 and from the law department of Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., in 1893; admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice in Jasper, Ala.; served in the Alabama National Guard with rank of major 1901-1903; member of the State house of representatives 1904-1905; president of the Bankhead Coal Co. 1911-1925; trustee of the University of Alabama 1917-1919 and 1931-1946; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1930; reelected in 1936 and 1942 and served from March 4, 1931, until his death in the United States Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Md., on June 12, 1946; chairman, Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation (Seventy-fifth through Seventy-ninth Congresses); interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Jasper, Ala. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Key, Jack B. ‘‘John H. Bankhead, Jr. of Alabama: The Conservative as Reformer.’’ Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1966; U.S. Congress. Memorial Services for John Hollis Bankhead, 2d. 80th Cong., 1st sess., 1947. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1949.

BANKHEAD, Walter Will (son of John Hollis Bankhead 2d, grandson of John Hollis Bankhead, and nephew of William Brockman Bankhead), a Representative from Alabama; born in Jasper, Walker County, Ala., July 21, 1897; attended the public schools; was graduated from Marion (Ala.) Military Institute in 1916, from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1919, and from the law department of the same university in 1920; was admitted to the bar in 1920 and commenced practice in Jasper, Ala.; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago in 1940; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-seventh Congress and served from January 3, 1941, until February 1, 1941, when he resigned; resumed the practice of law; chairman of the board of Bankhead Mining Co., Inc., and Bankhead Development Co., Inc.; president of Mammoth Packing Co. and Bankhead Broadcasting Co., Inc.; vice chairman, board of directors, First National Bank of Jasper; was a resident of Jasper, Ala., until his death in November 1988.

BANKHEAD, William Brockman (son of John Hollis Bankhead, brother of John Hollis Bankhead 2d, and uncle of Walter Will Bankhead), a Representative from Alabama; born in Moscow, Lamar County, Ala., April 12, 1874; attended the country schools; was graduated from the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 1893 and from the Georgetown University Law School at Washington, D.C., in 1895; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Huntsville, Ala.; member of the State house of representatives in 1900 and 1901; city attorney of Huntsville, 18981902; moved to Jasper, Walker County, Ala., in 1905 and continued the practice of law; solicitor of the fourteenth judicial circuit of Alabama, 1910-1914; unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the Sixty-fourth Congress in 1914; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fifth and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1917-September 15, 1940); chairman, Committee on Rules (Seventy-third Congress); majority leader (Seventy-fourth Congress), Speaker of the House of Representatives (Seventy-fourth to Seventy-sixth Congresses); delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1940; died on September 15, 1940, in Washington, D.C.; funeral services were held in the Hall of the House of Representatives; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Jasper, Ala. Bibliography: Heacock, Walter J. ‘‘William Brockman Bankhead: A Biography.’’ Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1952.

BANKS, John, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near Lewisburg, Juniata County, Pa., October 17, 1793; received a liberal education; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County in 1819; moved to Mercer County and continued the practice of law; elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth Congresses and served from March 4, 1831, until his resignation in 1836; judge of the Berks judicial district from 1836 until he resigned to accept a State position; State treasurer of Pennsylvania in 1847; resumed the practice of law in Reading, Pa., where he died April 3, 1864; interment in Charles Evans Cemetery.

BANKS, Linn, a Representative from Virginia; born in Madison (then Culpeper) County, Va., January 23, 1784; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Madison County April 10, 1809; member of the Virginia house of delegates, 1812-1838, and served as speaker, 1817-1838; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John M. Patton; reelected to the Twenty-sixth Congress and served from April 28, 1838, to March 3, 1841; presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Twenty-seventh Congress and served from March 4, 1841, until December 6, 1841, when he was succeeded by William Smith, who contested the election; was not a candidate for renomination in 1842; resumed the practice of law; served as a colonel in the Virginia Militia; was drowned while attempting to ford the Conway River near Wolftown, Madison County, Va., January 13, 1842; interment in the family burying ground on his estate, Vale Evergreen, near Graves Mill, Madison County, Va.

BANKS, Nathaniel Prentice, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Waltham, Mass., January 30, 1816; attended the common schools; a machinist by trade; editor of a weekly paper in Waltham, Mass.; clerk in the customhouse in Boston, Mass.; studied law; was admitted to the Suffolk County bar and commenced practice in Boston; member of the State house of representatives 1849-1852, for two years serving as speaker; member of the State constitutional convention of 1853; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtythird Congress, as the candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress and served from March 4, 1853, until he resigned December 24, 1857, to become Governor; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Thirty-fourth Congress); Governor of Massachusetts from January 1858, until January 1861; moved to Chicago, Ill.; vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad; entered the Union Army as a major general of Volunteers May 16, 1861; honorably mustered out August 24, 1865; returned to Massachusetts; elected as a Union Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Daniel W. Gooch; reelected as a Republican to the Fortieth, Forty-first, and Forty-second Congresses and served from December 4, 1865, to March 3, 1873; chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Thirty-ninth through Forty-second Congresses); unsuccessful Liberal and Democratic candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; member of the State senate in 1874; elected as an Independent to the Forty-fourth Congress and as a Republican to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1879); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress; appointed United States marshal on March 11, 1879, and served until April 23, 1888; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1891); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Interior (Fifty-first Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; died in Waltham, Middlesex County, Mass., September 1, 1894; interment in Grove Hill Cemetery. Bibliography: Hollandsworth, James G. Pretense of Glory: The Life of General Nathaniel P. Banks. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998.

BANNING, Henry Blackstone, a Representative from Ohio; born in Bannings Mills, Ohio, November 10, 1836; attended the Clinton district school, Mount Vernon Academy, and Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1857 and commenced practice in Mount Vernon, Ohio; during the Civil War enlisted April 1861 in the Union Army as a private; commissioned captain of the Fourth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, June 5, 1861; colonel of the Eighty-seventh Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, June 25, 1862; honorably mustered out October 4, 1862; commissioned lieutenant colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, January 1, 1863; transferred to the One Hundred and Twenty-first Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, April 5, 1863; colonel November 10, 1863; brevetted brigadier general and major general of Volunteers March 13, 1865; resigned January 1, 1865; member of the State house of representatives in 1866 and 1867; moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1869 and resumed the practice of law; elected as a Liberal Republican to the Forty-third Congress and as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1879); chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress, and for election in 1880 to the Forty-seventh Congress; resumed the practice of law; died in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 10, 1881; interment in Spring Grove Cemetery.

BANNON, Henry Towne, a Representative from Ohio; born near Portsmouth, Scioto County, Ohio, June 5, 1867; attended the public schools of Portsmouth, Ohio State University at Columbus in 1885 and 1886, and was graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1889; studied law; was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1891 and practiced in Portsmouth, Ohio; prosecuting attorney of Scioto County 1897-1902; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth Congresses (March 4, 1905-March 3, 1909); was not a candidate for renomination in 1908; resumed the practice of law; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, and 1940; served as a director of the First National Bank, National Bank of Portsmouth, Oak Hill Savings Bank, and the Selby Shoe Co.; also engaged in literary pursuits; died in Portsmouth, Ohio, September 6, 1950; interment in Greenlawn Cemetery.

BANTA, Parke Monroe, a Representative from Missouri; born in Berryman, Crawford County, Mo., November 21, 1891; attended the public schools, and William Jewell College at Liberty, Mo.; was graduated from Northwestern University Law School at Evanston-Chicago, Ill., in 1914; was admitted to the bar in 1913 and practiced at Potosi, Mo., 1914-1925 and at Ironton, Mo., 1925-1941; prosecuting attorney of Washington County, Mo., in 1917 and 1918; during the First World War served in the United States Army as a private and through the ranks to first lieutenant from April 1918 to August 1919; member of the board of trustees of Arcadia, Mo., in 1928 and 1929; member of Ironton-Arcadia School Board in 1932 and 1933; administrator of the Missouri State Social Security Commission 1941-1945; elected as a Republican to the Eightieth Congress (January 3, 1947-January 3, 1949); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1948 to the Eighty-first Congress and for election in 1950 to the Eighty-second Congress; resumed the practice of law in Ironton, Mo.; general counsel for Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C., from April 11, 1953, until January 20, 1961; retired; died in Cape Girardeau, Mo., May 12, 1970; interment in New Masonic Cemetery, Potosi, Mo.

BARBER, Hiram, Jr., a Representative from Illinois; born in Queensbury, Warren County, N.Y., March 24, 1835; moved to Horicon, Dodge County, Wis., in 1846; attended the University of Wisconsin at Madison; studied law in Albany, N.Y.; was admitted to the bar in 1856 and commenced practice at Juneau, Wis.; prosecuting attorney of Jefferson County, Wis., in 1861 and 1862; assistant attorney general of Wisconsin in 1865 and 1866; moved to Chicago, Ill., and resumed the practice of law in 1866; elected as a Republican to the Forty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1881); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1880; receiver of the land office at Mitchell, S.Dak., 1881-1888; returned to Chicago and continued the practice of law; served as master in chancery of the Cook County Superior Court from 1891 to 1914; retired from public life and active business pursuits; died at Lake Geneva, Wis., August 5, 1924; interment in Juneau Cemetery, Juneau, Wis.

BARBER, Isaac Ambrose, a Representative from Maryland; born near Salem, Salem County, N.J., January 26, 1852; attended the common schools, and studied medicine in Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., from which he was graduated in 1872; commenced practice in Woodstown, N.J.; moved to Easton, Talbot County, Md., in 1873 and continued the practice of medicine for fifteen years; engaged in the milling business; member of the State house of delegates in 1895; president of the Farmers & Merchants’ National Bank of Easton; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1897-March 3, 1899); resumed the milling business and also engaged in agricultural pursuits; chairman of the Republican State central committee 1900-1904; died in Easton, Md., March 1, 1909; interment in Spring Hill Cemetery.

BARBER, Joel Allen, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Georgia (near St. Albans), Franklin County, Vt., January 17, 1809; attended the common schools, Georgia Academy, and the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1834 in Prince Georges County, Md., where he was teaching school, and commenced practice in Fairfield, Vt.; moved to Wisconsin in 1837 and settled in Lancaster, Grant County, and continued the practice of his profession; county clerk for four years and district attorney three terms; member of the first constitutional convention of Wisconsin in 1846; elected to the State assembly in 1852, 1853, 1863, and 1864, serving as speaker in 1864; member of the State senate in 1856 and 1857; founded Lancaster Academy; elected as a Republican to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1875); was not a candidate for renomination in 1874; resumed the practice of law; died in Lancaster, Wis., June 17, 1881; interment in Hillside Cemetery.

BARBER, Laird Howard, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born on a farm near Mifflinburg, Union County, Pa., October 25, 1848; prepared for college in the Mifflinburg Academy, and was graduated from Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., in 1871; taught school at Mount Carmel and was principal of the Mauch Chunk Public Schools from 1875 to 1880; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Carbon County June 20, 1881, and commenced practice at Mauch Chunk; elected in 1890 a director of the Mauch Chunk School Board and served as president and treasurer; also served as secretary of the town council; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1896 to the Fifty-fifth Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1899March 3, 1901); was not a candidate for renomination in 1900 to the Fifth-seventh Congress; resumed the practice of law in Mauch Chunk; elected president judge of the fiftysixth judicial district of Pennsylvania in 1913; reelected in 1923 and served from January 5, 1914, until his death in Mauch Chunk, Carbon County, Pa., February 16, 1928; interment in Evergreen Cemetery, East Mauch Chunk, Pa.

BARBER, Levi, a Representative from Ohio; born in Simsbury, Hartford County, Conn., October 16, 1777; moved to Ohio; was a surveyor in the employ of the Federal Government; member of the State house of representatives in 1806; was commissioned receiver of the United States land office in Marietta, Ohio, on April 1, 1807; aide to Governor Meigs during the War of 1812; elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth Congress (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1819); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1818 to the Sixteenth Congress; elected to the Seventeenth Congress (March 4, 1821-March 3, 1823); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1822 to the Eighteenth Congress; clerk of the court of common pleas and the court of Washington County; justice of the peace; president of the Bank of Marietta; died in Harmar (now a part of Marietta), Ohio, April 23, 1833; interment in Harmar Cemetery.

BARBER, Noyes (uncle of Edwin Barbour Morgan and Christopher Morgan), a Representative from Connecticut; born in Groton, New London County, Conn., April 28, 1781; attended the common schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits; major of the Eighth Connecticut Regiment in the War of 1812; detailed to defend the coast towns during the blockade by the British Fleet; member of the State house of representatives in 1818; elected to the Seventeenth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1821-March 3, 1835); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1834 to the Twenty-fourth Congress; resumed mercantile pursuits; member of all Whig State conventions from 1836; died in Groton, Conn., January 3, 1844; interment in Starr Cemetery.

BARBOUR, Henry Ellsworth, a Representative from California; born in Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, N.Y., March 8, 1877; attended the public schools of his native city, the local Free Academy at Ogdensburg, Union College at Schenectady, N.Y., and the law department of George Washington University, Washington, D.C.; was admitted to the New York bar in 1901; moved to Fresno, Fresno County, Calif., in 1902 and engaged in the practice of law; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1919-March 3, 1933); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932 to the Seventy-third Congress; resumed the practice of his profession in Fresno, Calif., where he died on March 21, 1945; interment in Belmont Memorial Cemetery.

BARBOUR, James (brother of Philip Pendleton Barbour and cousin of John Strode Barbour), a Senator from Virginia; born at ‘‘Frascati,’’ near Gordonsville, Orange County, Va., June 10, 1775; attended the common schools; deputy sheriff of Orange County; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1794 at Orange Court House; served several terms in the Virginia house of delegates between 1796 and 1812, serving as speaker from 1809 to 1812; Governor of Virginia 1812-1814; elected as an Anti-Democrat and State Rights candidate to the United States Senate in 1814 for the term commencing March 4, 1815; subsequently elected to fill the vacancy in the term ending March 3, 1815, caused by the death of Richard Brent; reelected in 1821 and served from January 2, 1815, to March 7, 1825, when he resigned to accept a Cabinet portfolio; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses; chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations (Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Eighteenth Congresses), Committee on the District of Columbia (Seventeenth Congress); appointed Secretary of War by President John Quincy Adams and served from March 7, 1825, to May 26, 1828, when he resigned to accept a diplomatic position; United States Minister to England from May 26, 1828, to September 23, 1829; chairman of the Whig National Convention in 1839; founder of the Orange County Humane Society, established for the advancement of education; died in Barboursville, Orange County, Va., June 7, 1842; interment in the family cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Lowery, Charles D. James Barbour, a Jeffersonian Republican. University, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1984.

BARBOUR, John Strode (father of John Strode Barbour, Jr., cousin of James Barbour and Philip Pendleton Barbour), a Representative from Virginia; born at ‘‘Fleetwood,’’ near Brandy Station, Culpeper County, Va., August 8, 1790; attended private schools; was graduated from the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va., in 1808; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1811 and commenced practice in Culpeper, Va.; served in the War of 1812 as aide-de-camp to General Madison; member of the State house of delegates 1813-1816, 1820-1823, 1833, and 1834; elected to the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Congresses and elected as a Jacksonian to the Twentieth through Twenty-second Congresses (March 4, 1823-March 3, 1833); was not a candidate for renomination in 1832; member of the Virginia constitutional conventions in 1829 and 1830; chairman of the Democratic National Convention in 1852; resumed the practice of law; died on his estate, ‘‘Fleetwood,’’ near Culpeper, Culpeper County, Va., on January 12, 1855; interment in the family burying ground on his estate.

BARBOUR, John Strode, Jr. (son of the John Strode Barbour), a Representative and a Senator from Virginia; born at ‘‘Catalpa,’’ near Culpeper, Culpeper County, Va., December 29, 1820; attended the common schools and graduated from the law department of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville; admitted to the bar in 1841 and commenced practice in Culpeper; member of the State house of delegates 1847-1851; president of the Orange & Alexandria Railroad Co. 1852-1881; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh, and the two succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1881-March 3, 1887); chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia (Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1886; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1889, until his death in Washington, D.C., May 14, 1892; interment in the burial ground at ‘‘Poplar Hill,’’ Prince Georges County, Md. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; U.S. Congress. Memorial Services for John S. Barbour, Jr. 52nd Cong., 2nd sess., 1892-1893. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1893; Quinn, James Thomas. ‘‘Senator John S. Barbour, Jr. and the Restoration of Virginia Democracy, 1883-1892.’’ Master’s thesis, University of Virginia, 1966.

BARBOUR, Lucien, a Representative from Indiana; born in Canton, Hartford County, Conn., March 4, 1811; was graduated from Amherst (Mass.) College in 1837; moved to Indiana the same year and settled in Madison, Jefferson County; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Indianapolis, Ind., in 1839; acted a number of times as arbitrator between the State of Indiana and private corporations; appointed United States district attorney for the district of Indiana by President Polk; member of the commission to codify the laws of Indiana in 1852; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); was not a candidate for renomination in 1856; affiliated with the Republican Party in 1860; practiced law in Indianapolis, Ind., until his death in that city on July 19, 1880; interment in Crown Hill Cemetery.

BARBOUR, Philip Pendleton (brother of James Barbour and cousin of John Strode Barbour), a Representative from Virginia; born at ‘‘Frascati,’’ near Gordonsville, Orange County, Va., May 25, 1783; attended common and private schools; was graduated from the college of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va., in 1799; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1800 and commenced practice in Bardstown, Ky.; returned to Virginia in 1801 and practiced law in Gordonsville, Orange County; member of the State house of delegates 1812-1814; elected as a Republican to the Thirteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Dawson; reelected to the Fourteenth and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from September 19, 1814, to March 3, 1825; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Seventeenth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1824; offered the professorship of law in the University of Virginia in 1825, but declined; appointed a judge of the general court of Virginia and served for two years, resigning in 1827; elected to the Twentieth Congress and reelected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1827, until his resignation on October 15, 1830; chairman, Committee on the Judiciary (Twentieth Congress); president of the Virginia constitutional convention in 1829; appointed by President Jackson, June 1, 1830, judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, declining the chancellorship and the post of attorney general; refused nominations for judge of the court of appeals, for Governor, and for United States Senator; appointed Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and served from March 15, 1836, until his death in Washington, D.C., February 25, 1841; interment in Congressional Cemetery.

BARBOUR, William Warren, a Senator from New Jersey; born in Monmouth Beach, Monmouth County, N.J., July 31, 1888; attended the public schools and graduated from the Browning School, New York City, N.Y., in 1906; also attended Princeton University; amateur heavyweight boxing champion of the United States and Canada in 1910 and 1911; member of the New York National Guard for ten years, serving on the Mexican border in 1916, attained the rank of captain; member of the Rumson (N.J.) Borough Council in 1922; served as mayor of Rumson, N.J. 19231928; moved to Locust, Monmouth County, N.J., in 1930; engaged in the thread manufacturing business and other industrial enterprises; appointed on December 1, 1931, and subsequently elected on November 8, 1932, as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dwight W. Morrow and served from December 1, 1931, to January 3, 1937; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1936; resumed his former pursuits; member of the New Jersey Unemployment Compensation Commission in 1937; again elected on November 8, 1938, to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of A. Harry Moore; reelected in 1940, and served from November 9, 1938, until his death in Washington, D.C., on November 22, 1943; interment in Cedar Lawn Cemetery, Paterson, N.J. Bibliography: U.S. Congress. Memorial Services for William W. Barbour. 78th Cong., 2nd sess., 1944. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1946.

BARCA, Peter William, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Kenosha, Wis., August 7, 1955; graduated from Mary D. Bradford High School; B.S., University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 1977, and M.A., 1982; graduate work at Harvard University; employment specialist; teacher of emotionally disturbed; director of camp for handicapped children; distribution manager; member, Wisconsin State assembly, 1985-1993; Kenosha County Democratic Party, chair; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Third Congress, May 4, 1993, by special election to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Leslie Aspin and served from May 4, 1993, to January 3, 1995; unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Fourth Congress.

BARCHFELD, Andrew Jackson, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Pittsburgh, Pa., May 18, 1863; attended Pittsburgh Central High School, Pittsburgh, Pa; graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., 1884; physician; hospital executive; member of the common council of Pittsburgh, Pa., 1886-1887; member, Republican State committee; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Fifty-eighth Congress in 1902; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1905-March 3, 1917); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Sixty-fifth Congress in 1916; delegate to the peace congress at Brussels in 1905; member of the commission to the Philippine Islands, 1910; member of the Panama Canal Commission, 1912; died on January 28, 1922, in the Knickerbocker Theater disaster in Washington, D.C.; interment in South Side Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pa.

BARCIA, James A., a Representative from Michigan; born in Bay City, Bay County, Mich., February 25, 1952; B.A., Saginaw Valley State College, University Center, Mich., 1974; staff assistant to United States Senator Philip A. Hart of Michigan, 1971; community service coordinator, Michigan Blood Center, 1974-1975; administrative assistant to Michigan state representative Donald J. Albosta, 19751976; member of the Michigan state house of representatives, 1977-1983; member of the Michigan state senate, 1983-1993, 2003 to present; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Third and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1993-January 3, 2003); not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Eighth Congress in 2002.

BARCLAY, Charles Frederick, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Owego, Tioga County, N.Y., May 9, 1844; moved with his parents to Pennsylvania in 1845; attended Painted Post (N.Y.) High School and Coudersport (Pa.) Academy; taught school for several years; during the Civil War enlisted as a private in Company K, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, in 1862 and served until 1865, when he was mustered out with the rank of captain; attended Belfast Seminary, New York, and subsequently studied law at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, but never practiced; with an elder brother was engaged extensively in the lumber business in Sinnamahoning, Pa.; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1900; elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses (March 4, 1907March 3, 1911); was not a candidate for renomination in 1910 to the Sixty-second Congress; engaged in business in Washington, D.C., until his death March 9, 1914; interment in Wyside Cemetery, Sinnamahoning, Cameron County, Pa.

BARCLAY, David, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Punxsutawney, Jefferson County, Pa., in 1823; attended Washington (now Washington and Jefferson) College, Washington, Pa.; studied law in Pittsburgh; was admitted to the bar and practiced in Punxsutawney, Brookville, and Kittanning, Pa.; one of the editors and publishers of the Pittsburgh Union and Legal Journal 1850-1855; while a resident of Brookville was elected as a Democrat to the Thirtyfourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); resumed the practice of law; died in Freeport, Armstrong County, Pa., September 10, 1889; interment in Freeport Cemetery.

BARD, David, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born at ‘‘Carroll’s Delight,’’ Adams County, Pa., in 1744; was graduated from Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1773; studied theology and was licensed to preach by the Donegal Presbytery in 1777; was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry at Lower Conotheague in 1779; missionary in Virginia and west of the Allegheny Mountains; pastor at Bedford, Pa., 1786-1789, and later at Frankstown (now Hollidaysburg), Blair County, Pa.; elected as a Republican to the Fourth and Fifth Congresses (March 4, 1795-March 3, 1799); elected to the Eighth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1803, until his death in Alexandria, Huntingdon County, Pa., March 12, 1815; interment in Sinking Valley Cemetery, near Arch Spring, Blair County, Pa.

BARD, Thomas Robert, a Senator from California; born in Chambersburg, Franklin County, Pa., December 8, 1841; attended the common schools; graduated from the Chambersburg Academy in 1858; studied law, but before completing his studies secured a position with the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., later becoming assistant to the superintendent of the Cumberland Valley Railroad; engaged in the grain business at Hagerstown, Md.; during the early part of the Civil War served as a volunteer Union scout during the invasions of Maryland and Pennsylvania by the Confederates; moved to Ventura County, Calif., in 1864; member of the board of supervisors of Santa Barbara County 18681873; laid out the town of Hueneme; one of the commissioners appointed to organize Ventura County in 1871; director of the State board of agriculture 1886-1887; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1899, and served from February 7, 1900, to March 3, 1905; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1904; chairman, Committee on Fisheries (Fifty-seventh Congress), Committee on Irrigation (Fiftyeighth Congress); died at his home, ‘‘Berylwood,’’ in Hueneme, Ventura County, Calif., March 5, 1915; interment in the family cemetery on his estate. Bibliography: Hutchinson, William Henry. Oil, Land, and Politics: The California Career of Thomas R. Bard. 2 vols. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.

BARDEN, Graham Arthur, a Representative from North Carolina; born in Turkey Township, Sampson County, N.C., September 25, 1896; moved to Burgaw, Pender County, N.C., in 1908; attended the public schools; during the First World War served as a seaman in the United States Navy in 1918 and 1919; was graduated from the law department of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1920; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in New Bern, N.C.; teacher in the New Bern (N.C.) High School in 1920; judge of the county court of Craven County, N.C., 1920-1924; member of the State house of representatives in 1933; elected as a Democrat to the Seventyfourth and to the twelve succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1935-January 3, 1961); chairman, Committee on Education (Seventy-eighth and Seventy-ninth Congresses), Committee on Education and Labor (Eighty-first, Eighty-second, and Eighty-fourth through Eighty-sixth Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1960; died in New Bern, N.C., January 29, 1967; interment in Cedar Grove Cemetery. Bibliography: Puryear, Elmer L. Graham A. Barden, Conservative Carolina Congressman. Buie’s Creek, N.C.: Campbell University Press, 1979.

BARHAM, John All, a Representative from California; born on a farm in Cass County, Mo., July 17, 1843; moved to California in 1849 with his parents, who settled in Woodland; attended the common schools and Hesperian College in Woodland, Calif.; taught in the public schools 1864-1876; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1865 and commenced practice in Watsonville, San Francisco, and Santa Rosa; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, and Fifty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1901); chairman, Committee on Mileage (Fifty-fifth and Fifty-sixth Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1900; engaged in the practice of law until his death in Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, Calif., January 22, 1926; interment in Rural Cemetery.

BARING, Walter Stephan, Jr., a Representative from Nevada; born in Goldfield, Esmeralda County, Nev., September 9, 1911; graduated from Reno High School in 1929 and from the University of Nevada at Reno, B.A. and B.S., 1934; holder of high school teacher’s certificate; elected chairman of the Democratic Central Committee of Washoe County, Nev., in 1936; elected assemblyman from Washoe County to the State assembly in 1936, reelected in 1942, and served until his resignation to enlist in the United States Navy; served in the Navy from September 26, 1942, until May 31, 1945; engaged in the furniture business at Reno, Nev., 1945-1948; member of the Reno City Council in 1947 and 1948; elected as a Democrat to the Eightyfirst and Eighty-second Congresses (January 3, 1949-January 3, 1953); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1952 to the Eighty-third Congress; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, and 1968; engaged in the insurance business; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1954 to the Eighty-fourth Congress; elected to the Eighty-fifth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1957-January 3, 1973); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1972; returned to his home in Reno, Nev.; died in Los Angeles, Calif., July 13, 1975; cremated; ashes entombed in a mausoleum at Masonic Memorial Gardens, Reno, Nev.

BARKER, Abraham Andrews, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Lovell, Oxford County, Maine, March 30, 1816; attended the common schools; engaged in agricultural pursuits and also in the shook business; moved to Carrolltown, Pa., in 1854 and to Ebensburg, Cambria County, Pa., where he continued the shook business; also engaged in the mercantile business in 1858 and later in the lumber business; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860; served in Company E, Fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Emergency Troops, during the Civil War; elected as a Union Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1867); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1866 and for election as a Republican in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; reengaged in the lumber and shook business until 1880, when he retired from active pursuits; died in Altoona, Pa., while on a visit for medical treatment March 18, 1898; interment in Lloyd Cemetery, Ebensburg, Pa.

BARKER, David, Jr., a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Stratham, N.H., January 8, 1797; attended Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H., and was graduated from Harvard University in 1815; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1819 and commenced practice in Rochester, N.H.; member of the State house of representatives in 1823, 1825, and 1826; elected to the Twentieth Congress (March 4, 1827-March 3, 1829); resumed the practice of law; was an original member of the New Hampshire Historical Society; died in Rochester, N.H., April 1, 1834; interment in the Old Rochester Cemetery.

BARKER, Joseph, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Branford, Conn., October 19, 1751; attended the common schools in Branford, Harvard College for two years, and was graduated from Yale College in 1771; studied theology; licensed to preach January 3, 1775; ordained to the ministry December 5, 1781, and was installed as pastor of the First Congregational Church of Middleboro, Plymouth County, Mass.; elected as a Republican to the Ninth and Tenth Congresses (March 4, 1805-March 3, 1809); was not a candidate for renomination in 1808; member of the State house of representatives in 1812 and 1813; continued in the ministry at Middleboro, Mass., until his death, July 5, 1815; interment in Green Cemetery.

BARKLEY, Alben William, a Representative and a Senator from Kentucky and a Vice President of the United States; born near Lowes, Graves County, Ky., November 24, 1877; attended the public schools and graduated from Marvin College, Clinton, Ky., in 1897; attended Emory College, Oxford, Ga., and the University of Virginia Law School, Charlottesville, Va.; admitted to the bar in 1901 and commenced practice in Paducah, McCracken County, Ky.; prosecuting attorney for McCracken County, Ky. 1905-1909; judge of McCracken County Court 1909-1913; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-third and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1913-March 3, 1927); did not seek renomination in 1926, having become a candidate for United States Senator; elected to the United States Senate in 1926; reelected in 1932, 1938, and again in 1944, and served from March 4, 1927, until his resignation on January 19, 1949; majority leader 1937-1947; minority leader 1947-1949; elected Vice President of the United States on the Democratic ticket with President Harry S. Truman in 1948; inaugurated January 20, 1949, for the term ending January 20, 1953; again elected to the United States Senate and served from January 3, 1955, until his death in Lexington, Va., April 30, 1956; interment in Mount Kenton Cemetery, on Lone Oak Road, near Paducah, Ky. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Barkley, Alben. That Reminds Me. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1954; Davis, Polly. Alben Barkley: Senate Majority Leader and Vice President. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1979.

BARKLEY, Dean, a Senator from Minnesota; born August 31, 1950, in Annandale, Minn.; graduated Annandale High School 1968; B.S., University of Minnesota 1972; J.D., University of Minnesota 1976; practiced law in Minnesota; president, Dayton’s Furniture in Annandale 1988-1991; founder and chair, Minnesota Reform Party, later Minnesota Independence Party; unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1992; unsuccessful candidate for United States Senate in 1994 and 1996; appointed on November 4, 2002, to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Paul D. Wellstone; took the oath of office in Minnesota on November 5, 2002, and served until January 3, 2003.

BARKSDALE, Ethelbert (brother of William Barksdale), a Representative from Mississippi; born in Smyrna, Rutherford County, Tenn., January 4, 1824; moved to Jackson, Hinds County, Miss.; adopted journalism as a profession; edited the official journal of the State 1854-1861 and 18761883; member of the Confederate Congress 1861-1865; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1860, 1868, 1872, and 1880; chairman of the Democratic State executive committee 1877-1879; elected as a Democrat to the Fortyeighth and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1887); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1886; engaged in agricultural pursuits in Yazoo County; died in Yazoo City, Miss., February 17, 1893; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson, Miss. Bibliography: Peterson, Owen M. ‘‘Ethelbert Barksdale in the Democratic National Convention of 1860.’’ Journal of Mississippi History 14 (October 1952): 257-78.

BARKSDALE, William (brother of Ethelbert Barksdale), a Representative from Mississippi; born in Rutherford County, Tenn., August 21, 1821; attended the University of Nashville; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1839 and commenced practice in Columbus, Lowndes County, Miss.; for a time was editor of the Columbus Democrat; served in the Mexican War as quartermaster of the Mississippi Volunteers; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore in 1852; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtythird and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1853, until January 12, 1861, when he withdrew; entered the Confederate Army during the Civil War as colonel of the Thirteenth Regiment of Mississippi Volunteers; promoted to the rank of brigadier general on August 12, 1862; commanded a Mississippi brigade in Longstreet’s corps; killed in the Battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson, Miss. Bibliography: McKee, James W. ‘‘William Barksdale and the Congressional Election of 1853.’’ Journal of Mississippi History 34 (May 1972): 129-58; McKee, James W. ‘‘William Barksdale and the Congressional Election of 1853.’’ Journal of Mississippi History 34 (May 1972): 129-58.

BARLOW, Bradley, a Representative from Vermont; born in Fairfield, Franklin County, Vt., May 12, 1814; attended the common schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits in Philadelphia until 1858, when he moved to St. Albans, Vt.; delegate to the State constitutional conventions in 1843, 1850, and 1857, acting as assistant secretary in 1843; member of the State house of representatives in 1845, 18501852, 1864, and 1865; engaged in banking and in the railroad business 1860-1883; chairman of the school committee in St. Albans; president of the village corporation and treasurer of Franklin County 1860-1867; served in the State senate 1866-1868; elected as a Greenbacker to the Forty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1881); was not a candidate for renomination in 1880; died in Denver, Colo., on November 6, 1889; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, St. Albans, Vt.

BARLOW, Charles Averill, a Representative from California; born in Cleveland, Ohio, March 17, 1858; attended the common schools; moved to Ventura, Calif., in 1875 and to San Luis Obispo County, Calif., 1889; farmer; businessman; member of the California state assembly, 1892-1893; chairman of the People’s Party state convention, 1896; elected as a Populist to the Fifty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1897March 3, 1899); was not a candidate for renomination; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions, 1912 and 1920; died on October 3, 1927, in Bakersfield, Calif.; interment in Union Cemetery, Bakersfield, Calif.

BARLOW, Stephen, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Redding, Fairfield County, Conn., June 13, 1779; attended the common schools and Yale College; moved to Meadville, Pa., in 1816; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Meadville, Crawford County, Pa.; elected to the Twentieth Congress (March 4, 1827March 3, 1829); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1828 to the Twenty-first Congress; resumed the practice of his profession; served in the State house of representatives 1829-1831; appointed as an associate judge of Crawford County in January 1831 and served until his death in Meadville, Pa., August 24, 1845; interment in Greendale Cemetery.

BARLOW, Thomas J., III, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Washington, D.C., August 7, 1940; B.A., Haverford College, Haverford, Pa., 1962; banker; business executive; conservation consultant, Natural Resources Defense Council, 1971-1982; unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the One Hundredth Congress in 1986; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Third Congress (January 3, 1993January 3, 1995); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Fourth Congress in 1994; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1998 and in 2002.

BARNARD, Daniel Dewey, a Representative from New York; born in Sheffield, Berkshire County, Mass., July 16, 1797; attended the common schools and was graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., in 1818; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1821 and began practice in Rochester, N.Y.; prosecuting attorney of Monroe County in 1826; elected to the Twentieth Congress (March 4, 1827March 3, 1829); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1828 to the Twenty-first Congress; traveled in Europe in 1831; moved to Albany, N.Y., in 1832 and continued the practice of law; member of the State assembly in 1838; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh, and Twentyeighth Congresses (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1845); chairman, Committee on the Judiciary (Twenty-seventh Congress); was not a candidate for reelection in 1844; appointed Minister to Prussia and served from September 3, 1850, to September 21, 1853; retired from active business pursuits in 1853 and engaged in literary pursuits; died in Albany, N.Y., April 24, 1861; interment in Albany Rural Cemetery. Bibliography: Penney, Sherry. Patrician in Politics: Daniel Dewey Barnard of New York. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1974.

BARNARD, Druie Douglas, Jr., a Representative from Georgia; born in Augusta, Richmond County, Ga., March 20, 1922; attended the Richmond County public schools; graduated, Academy of Richmond County, Augusta, Ga., 1939; attended Augusta College, 1939-1940; A.B., Mercer University, Macon, Ga., 1943; served in United States Army, 1943-1945; LL.B., Walter F. George School of Law, Mercer University, 1948; engaged in banking profession, 1948-1962; executive secretary to Governor Carl E. Sanders, Georgia, 1963-1966; board member, Georgia State Department of Transportation, 1966-1976; delegate to Georgia State Democratic convention, 1962; delegate to Democratic National Convention, 1964; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1977January 3, 1993); was not a candidate for renomination in 1992 to the One Hundred Third Congress; is a resident of Augusta, Ga.

BARNARD, Isaac Dutton, a Senator from Pennsylvania; born in Aston Township, Delaware County, Pa., July 18, 1791; moved with his parents to a farm near Chester, Pa.; attended the public schools; moved to Philadelphia, where he remained until 1811, when he returned to Chester; while studying law was appointed captain and major in the Fourteenth Regiment, United States Infantry, and served during the War of 1812; resumed his legal studies; admitted to the bar in 1816 and commenced practice in West Chester, Chester County, Pa.; deputy attorney general for Chester County 1817-1821; member of the State senate 1820-1826; secretary of State 1826; elected as a Jacksonian to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1827, until December 6, 1831, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Militia (Twenty-first and Twenty-second Congresses); died in West Chester, Pa., February 28, 1834; interment in Oakland’s Cemetery, near West Chester, Pa.

BARNARD, William Oscar, a Representative from Indiana; born near Liberty, Union County, Ind., October 25, 1852; moved with his parents to Dublin, Wayne County, Ind., in 1854, to Fayette County in 1856, and to Henry County in 1866; attended the common schools, and Spiceland Academy, Spiceland, Ind.; taught school for five years in Henry and Wayne Counties; admitted to the Indiana bar, 1876; prosecuting attorney of the eighteenth and fifty-third judicial circuits, 1887-1893; judge of the fifty-third judicial circuit court of Indiana, 1896-1902; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-first Congress (March 4, 1909-March 3, 1911); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Sixtysecond Congress in 1910; resumed the practice of law in New Castle, Ind.; died on April 8, 1939, in New Castle, Indiana; interment in Southmound Cemetery, New Castle, Ind.

BARNES, Demas, a Representative from New York; born in Gorham Township, Ontario County, N.Y., April 4, 1827; attended the public schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits; moved to New York City in 1849 and engaged in the drug business; crossed the continent in a wagon and studied the mineral resources of Colorado, Nevada, and California; returned to New York City and wrote articles and published works concerning his experiences; elected as a Democrat to the Fortieth Congress (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1869); was not a candidate for renomination in 1868; established and edited the Brooklyn Argus in 1873 and was also engaged in the real-estate business; member of the board of education; one of the original trustees of the Brooklyn Bridge when it was a private enterprise; died in New York City May 1, 1888; interment in Greenwood Cemetery.

BARNES, George Thomas, a Representative from Georgia; born in a suburb (now called Summerville) of Augusta, Richmond County, Ga., August 14, 1833; attended private schools, Richmond Academy, and Franklin College; was graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1853; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1855 and commenced practice in Augusta; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army in the Washington Light Artillery Company of Augusta, Ga., as second lieutenant and major brevet; member of the State house of representatives 18601865; member of the Democratic National Committee 18761884; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-ninth, Fiftieth, and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1891); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fiftysecond Congress; resumed the practice of law; died in Augusta, Ga., October 24, 1901; interment in the City Cemetery.

BARNES, James Martin, a Representative from Illinois; born in Jacksonville, Morgan County, Ill., January 9, 1899; attended the public schools; during the First World War served overseas as a private in the United States Marine Corps in 1918 and 1919; was graduated from Illinois College at Jacksonville in 1921 and from the law department of Harvard University in 1924; was admitted to the bar in 1924 and commenced the practice of law in Jacksonville, Ill.; served as county judge of Morgan County, Ill., 19261934; resumed the practice of law 1934-1939; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-sixth and Seventy-seventh Congresses (January 3, 1939-January 3, 1943); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1942 to the Seventy-eighth Congress; appointed administrative assistant to President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 1, 1943, and served until July 15, 1945; resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C., where he died June 8, 1958; interment in Arlington National Cemetery.

BARNES, Lyman Eddy, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Weyauwega, Waupaca County, Wis., June 30, 1855; attended the public schools and the law department of Columbia College, New York City; was admitted to the bar in 1876 and commenced practice in Appleton, Outagamie County, Wis., the same year; moved to Rockledge, Brevard County, Fla., in 1882, where he remained about five years and continued the practice of law; returned to Appleton, Wis., and was elected district attorney of Outagamie County; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftythird Congress (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1895); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Appleton, Wis., on January 16, 1904; interment in Riverside Cemetery.

BARNES, Michael Darr, a Representative from Maryland; born in Washington, D.C., September 3, 1943; attended Landon School, Bethesda, Md.; graduated, Principia High School, St. Louis, Mo., 1962; B.A., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., 1965; Institute of Higher International Studies, Geneva, Switzerland, 1965-1966; J.D., George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 1972; United States Marine Corps, corporal, 1967-1969; admitted to the Washington, D.C. bar, 1972; lawyer, private practice;& commissioner, Maryland Public Service Commission, 1975-1978; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-sixth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1979-January 3, 1987); was not a candidate for reelection in 1986, but was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate; private advocate; is a resident of Kensington, Md.

BARNETT, William, a Representative from Georgia; born in Amherst County, Va., March 4, 1761; moved to Georgia with his father, who settled in Columbia County; at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War returned to Virginia with his brother and joined a military company from Amherst County under the leadership of the Marquis de Lafayette and was present at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown; returned to Georgia at the close of the war and settled on Broad River, Elbert County; sheriff of Elbert County for several years; member of the State senate and served as pesident of that body; elected as a Republican to the Twelfth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Howell Cobb; reelected to the Thirteenth Congress and served from October 5, 1812, to March 3, 1815; appointed commissioner to establish the boundaries of the Creek Indian Reservation in 1815; moved to Montgomery County, Ala., and engaged in planting; died in Montgomery County, Ala., April 1832; interment in the Gilmer-ChristianBarnett Cemetery, near Mathews Station, Montgomery County, Ala.

BARNEY, John, a Representative from Maryland; born in Baltimore, Md., January 18, 1785; appointed a captain and assistant district quartermaster general in the United States Army August 15, 1814, and served until June 15, 1815, when he was honorably discharged; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1822 to the Eighteenth Congress; elected to the Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses (March 4, 1825-March 3, 1829); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1828 to the Twenty-first Congress; engaged in literary pursuits until his death in Washington, D.C., January 26, 1857; interment in Greenmount Cemetery, Baltimore, Md.

BARNEY, Samuel Stebbins, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Hartford, Washington County, Wis., January 31, 1846; attended the public schools and Lombard University, Galesburg, Ill.; taught in the high school at Hartford for four years; studied law in West Bend, Wis.; was admitted to the bar in 1873 and commenced practice in West Bend; superintendent of schools of Washington County 1876-1880; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1884; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1884 to the Forty-ninth Congress; elected as a Republican to the Fiftyfourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1903); was not a candidate for renomination in 1902; appointed associate justice of the court of claims, Washington, D.C., in 1904 and served until 1919; died in Milwaukee, Wis., December 31, 1919; interment in Union Cemetery, West Bend, Washington County, Wis.

BARNHART, Henry A., a Representative from Indiana; born near Twelve Mile, Cass County, Ind., September 11, 1858; attended the common schools, Amboy Academy, and Wabash Normal Training School; teacher; farmer; surveyor of Fulton County, Ind., 1885-1887; newspaper publisher; businessman; director of the United States Bank Trust Co.; director, Indiana State Prison, 1893; hospital executive; elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Abram L. Brick; reelected to the Sixty-first and to the four succeeding Congresses (November 3, 1908-March 3, 1919); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Sixty-sixth Congress in 1918; lecturer; died on March 26, 1934, in Rochester, Ind.; interment in the Mausoleum, Rochester, Ind.

BARNITZ, Charles Augustus, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in York, York County, Pa., September 11, 1780; attended York County Academy, York, Pa.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1811 and commenced practice in York; member of the State senate, 1815-1819; from 1820 until his death served as agent of the heirs of William Penn for their interests in Springettsbury Manor, the center of which is now the city of York; elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1833March 3, 1835); was not a candidate for reelection in 1834 to the Twenty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of law at York, Pa.; also engaged in banking and served as president of the York Bank; member of the State constitutional convention in 1838; delegate to the Whig National Conventions at Harrisburg in 1840 and at Baltimore in 1844; died in York, Pa., January 8, 1850; interment in the First Presbyterian Churchyard.

BARNUM, William Henry, a Representative and a Senator from Connecticut; born in Boston Corner, Columbia County, N.Y., September 17, 1818; attended the common schools; apprenticed to the trade of iron founder and subsequently admitted to partnership by his father, who was engaged in the iron business at Lime Rock, Conn.; member, State house of representatives 1851-1852; elected as a Democrat to the Fortieth and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1867, until May 18, 1876, when he resigned to become Senator; elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Orris S. Ferry and served from May 18, 1876, to March 3, 1879; chair, Democratic National Committee 1876-1889; resumed his former manufacturing pursuits; died at Lime Rock, Litchfield County, Conn., April 30, 1889; interment in the Lime Rock Cemetery in Salisbury, Conn.

BARNWELL, Robert (father of Robert Woodward Barnwell), a Delegate and a Representative from South Carolina; born in Beaufort, S.C., December 21, 1761; educated in the common schools and by private teachers; volunteered for service in the Revolutionary War when sixteen years of age; received seventeen wounds in the battle on Johns Island, S.C.; finally recovered and served as lieutenant with his company at the siege of Charleston in 1780; at the fall of that city was sent aboard the prison ship Pack Horse, but was released in the general exchange of prisoners in June 1781; was for many years president of the board of trustees of Beaufort College; Member of the Continental Congress in 1789; member of the convention of South Carolina for the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 1788; elected to the Second Congress (March 4, 1791-March 3, 1793); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1792 to the Third Congress; member of the South Carolina house of representatives 1787-1788, 1790-1791, and 1794-1801, serving as speaker in 1795; member of the South Carolina senate in 1805 and 1806, serving as president in 1805; died in Beaufort, Beaufort County, S.C., October 24, 1814; interment in St. Helena’s Churchyard.

BARNWELL, Robert Woodward (son of Robert Barnwell), a Representative and a Senator from South Carolina; born in Beaufort, Beaufort County, S.C., August 10, 1801; attended private schools in Beaufort and Charleston, S.C., and graduated from Harvard University in 1821; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Beaufort, S.C., in 1824; member, State house of representatives 1826-1828; elected to the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Congresses (March 4, 1829-March 3,1833); not a candidate for renomination in 1832; president of South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia 1835-1841, when he resigned; appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Franklin H. Elmore and served from June 4 to December 8, 1850, when a successor was elected and qualified; not a candidate for election; member of the Nashville convention in 1850; commissioner to the Federal Government from South Carolina regarding the secession of that State in December 1860; delegate to the convention of the seceding States in Montgomery, Ala., his being the deciding vote in the South Carolina delegation which carried the State for Jefferson Davis and made him President of the Southern Confederacy; member of the Confederate States Senate 1861-1865; chairman of the faculty of the University of South Carolina 18661873; conducted a private girls school in Columbia, S.C.; died in Columbia, Richland County, S.C., November 5, 1882; interment in St. Helena’s Churchyard, Beaufort, S.C. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Barnwell, John, ed. ‘‘’In the Hands of Compromisers’: Letters of Robert W. Barnwell to James H. Hammond.’’ Civil War History 29 (June 1983): 154-68; Barnwell, John, ed. ‘‘Hamlet to Hotspur: Letters of Robert Woodward Barnwell to Robert Barnwell Rhett.’’ South Carolina Historical Magazine 77 (October 1976): 236-37, 247.

BARR, Bob, a Representative from Georgia; born in Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa, November 5, 1948; graduated, Community High School, Tehran, Iran, 1966; B.A., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif., 1970; M.A., George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 1972; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C., 1977; Central Intelligence Agency, 1970-1978; United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia, 1986-1990; anti-drug coordinator for Department of Justice, Southeastern United States, 1986-1990; head, Public Corruption Subcommittee for United States Attorney General, 19871988; president, Southeastern Legal Foundation, 1990-1991; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination to the United States Senate in 1992; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1995-January 3, 2003); one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1998 to conduct the impeachment proceedings of President William Jefferson Clinton; unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the One Hundred Eighth Congress in 2002.

BARR, Joseph Walker, a Representative from Indiana; born in Bicknell, Knox County, Ind., January 17, 1918; graduated from DePauw University in 1939 and from Harvard University in 1941; served in the United States Navy, 19421945, with subchaser duty in the Mediterranean and Atlantic; received Bronze Star for sinking submarine off Anzio Beach; engaged in the operation of grain elevators, theaters, real-estate, and publishing business; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-sixth Congress (January 3, 1959-January 3, 1961); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1960 to the Eighty-seventh Congress; appointed assistant for congressional relations to the Secretary of the Treasury, 1961; appointed Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 1963; Under Secretary of the Treasury, 1965-1968; appointed by President Johnson as Secretary of the Treasury, December 21, 1968, to January 20, 1969; president and chairman, American Security and Trust Company, 1969-1974; chairman, Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, 1977-1981; died February 23, 1996 in Playa del Carmen, Mexico.

BARR, Samuel Fleming, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near Coleraine, County Antrim, Ireland, June 15, 1829; immigrated to the United States in 1831 with his parents, who settled in Harrisburg, Pa.; attended the common schools; freight agent of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad in 1855 and 1856; early in the Civil War was employed upon government railways in and about Washington, D.C.; editor of the Harrisburg (Pa.) Telegraph 1873-1878; elected as a Republican to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1881-March 3, 1885); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1884; lived in retirement until his death, residing in San Diego, Calif., in the winter and in Seal Harbor, Maine, during the summer season; died in San Diego, Calif., May 29, 1919; interment in Odd Fellows Cemetery.

BARR, Thomas Jefferson, a Representative from New York; born in New York City in 1812; attended the public schools; moved to Scotch Plains, N.J., in 1835 and conducted a roadhouse; returned to New York City in 1842; assistant alderman of the sixth ward in 1849 and 1850 and alderman in 1852 and 1853; served in the State senate in 1854 and 1855; elected on January 6, 1859, as an Independent Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Kelly; reelected to the Thirtysixth Congress and served from January 17, 1859, to March 3, 1861; was not a candidate for renomination in 1860; appointed a police commissioner of New York City in 1870 and served until 1873, when the police board was abolished; was subsequently employed in the customhouse; died in New York City, March 27, 1881; interment in Calvary Cemetery, Long Island, N.Y.

BARRERE, Granville (nephew of Nelson Barrere), a Representative from Illinois; born in New Market, near Hillsboro, Highland County, Ohio, July 11, 1829; attended the common schools, Augusta College, Augusta, Ky., and was graduated from Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Chillicothe, Ross County, Ohio, in 1853 and commenced practice in Marion, Crittenden County, Ark.; moved to Bloomington, McLean County, Ill., in 1855, and then to Canton, Fulton County, Ill., the same year, and continued the practice of his profession; member of the city board of education; member of the board of supervisors of Canton; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1874; resumed the practice of law; died in Canton, Fulton County, Ill., January 13, 1889; interment in Greenwood Cemetery.

BARRERE, Nelson (uncle of Granville Barrere), a Representative from Ohio; born in New Market, near Hillsboro, Highland County, Ohio, April 1, 1808; attended the common schools, and Hillsboro High School in 1827; was graduated from Augusta (Ky.) College in 1830; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1833 and commenced practice in Hillsboro; moved to West Union, Adams County, Ohio, in 1834 and continued the practice of law; in 1846 returned to Hillsboro, where he resided until his death; member of the State house of representatives in 1837 and 1838; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1853); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1852 to the Thirtythird Congress; resumed the practice of law; died in Hillsboro, Highland County, Ohio, August 20, 1883; interment in Presbyterian Cemetery, New Market, Ohio.

BARRET, John Richard, a Representative from Missouri; born in Greensburg, Green County, Ky., August 21, 1825; attended the common schools and Centre College, Danville, Ky.; moved to St. Louis, Mo., in 1839; was graduated from the St. Louis University in 1843; studied law and practiced; elected to the State house of representatives in 1852 and served four terms; became identified with the St. Louis Agricultural Society and organized its exhibitions; presented credentials as a Democratic Member-elect to the Thirty-sixth Congress and served from March 4, 1859, to June 8, 1860, when he was succeeded by Francis P. Blair, Jr., who contested his election; subsequently elected to the same Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Francis P. Blair, Jr., and served from December 3, 1860, to March 3, 1861; unsuccessful for reelection in 1860 to the Thirty-seventh Congress; moved to New York City and engaged in numerous occupations; died in New York City on November 2, 1903; interment in Cave Hill Cemetery, Louisville, Ky.

BARRETT, Frank Aloysius, a Representative and a Senator from Wyoming; born in Omaha, Douglas County, Nebr., November 10, 1892; attended the public schools; graduated from Creighton University, Omaha, Nebr., in 1913 and from its law department in 1916; during the First World War served as a sergeant in the Balloon Corps, United States Army 1917-1919; admitted to the bar in 1919 and commenced practice in Lusk, Wyo.; also a rancher; county attorney of Niobrara County, Wyo. 1923-1932; member, State senate 1933-1935; member of the board of trustees of the University of Wyoming; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1943, until his resignation December 31, 1950, having been elected Governor of Wyoming; served as Governor from January 1951 until his resignation January 2, 1953, having been elected a Senator; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from January 3, 1953, to January 3, 1959; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1958; general counsel, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., and member of board of directors of Commodity Credit Corporation 1959-1960; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for United States Senate 1960; died in Cheyenne, Wyo., May 30, 1962; interment in Lusk Cemetery, Lusk, Wyo. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography.

BARRETT, James Gresham, a Representative from South Carolina; born in Westminster, Oconee County, S.C., February 14, 1961; graduated from Westminster High School, Westminster, S.C., 1979; B.A., The Citadel, Charleston, S.C., 1983; United States Army, 1983-1987; business owner; member of the South Carolina state house of representatives, 1996-2002; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Eighth Congress (January 3, 2003-present).

BARRETT, Thomas M., a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wis., December 8, 1953; graduated from Marquette University High School, Milwaukee, Wis.; B.A., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., 1976; J.D., University of Wisconsin School of Law, 1980; clerk to United States Judge Robert Warren of the Eastern District of Wisconsin, 1980-1982; lawyer, private practice; unsuccessful candidate to the Wisconsin state assembly in 1982; member of the Wisconsin state assembly, 1984-1989; member of the Wisconsin state senate, 19891993; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Third and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1993January 3, 2003); not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Eighth Congress in 2002, but was an unsuccessful nominee for Governor of Wisconsin.

BARRETT, William Aloysius, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., August 14, 1896; was graduated from Brown Preparatory School in Philadelphia, Pa., and from St. Joseph’s College, Philadelphia, Pa.; took a law course at South Jersey Law School in Camden, N.J.; engaged in the real-estate business; member of the Board of Mercantile Appraisers, Philadelphia, Pa., for four years; member of the Democratic city committee; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth Congress (January 3, 1945-January 3, 1947); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress; elected to the Eightyfirst Congress; reelected to the thirteen succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1949, until his death April 12, 1976, in Philadelphia, Pa., interment in Holy Cross Cemetery, Yeadon, Pa.

BARRETT, William E., a Representative from Nebraska; born in Lexington, Dawson County, Nebr., February 9, 1929; B.A., Hastings College, 1952; graduate of the Nebraska Realtors Institute; certified real estate broker; admissions counselor, Hastings College, 1952-1954, assistant director of admissions, 1954-1956; partner in a real estate agency, Lexington, 1956-1959; officer of a real estate agency, 1959-1990; member, Nebraska Republican State Executive Committee, 1964-1966, 1973-1979, chairman, 1973-1975; member, Republican National Committee, 1973-1975; delegate to the 1968 Republican National Convention; chaired the Nebraska primary and general election campaigns of President Gerald Ford, 1975-1976; trustee and co-founder, Nebraska Real Estate Political Education Committee; State senator, 19791991, speaker of the Nebraska Legislature, 1987-1991; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Second and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1991-January 3, 2001); was not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Seventh Congress.

BARRETT, William Emerson, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Melrose, Middlesex County, Mass., December 29, 1858; attended the public schools; was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1880; assistant editor of the St. Albans Daily Messenger; joined the staff of the Boston Daily Advertiser in 1882; Washington correspondent of the Boston Advertiser 1882-1886; recalled to Boston to become editor in chief and in 1888 became chief proprietor and manager of the Boston Daily Advertiser and the Boston Evening Record; member of the State house of representatives 1887-1892 and served as speaker the last five years; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1899); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1898; returned to Boston and resumed active management of his newspaper interests; president of the Union Trust Co. of Boston; died in Newton, Mass., February 12, 1906; interment in Newton Cemetery.

BARRINGER, Daniel Laurens (uncle of Daniel Moreau Barringer), a Representative from North Carolina; born at ‘‘Poplar Grove,’’ Cabarrus County, N.C., October 1, 1788; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Raleigh, Wake County, N.C.; member of the State house of commons in 1813, 1814, and 1819-1822; elected to the Nineteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Willie P. Mangum; reelected to the Twentieth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from December 4, 1826, to March 3, 1835; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1834 to the Twenty-fourth Congress; moved to Bedford County, Tenn., about 1830 and settled in Shelbyville, where he continued the practice of law; member and speaker of the State house of representatives 18431845; presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1844; died in Shelbyville, Bedford County, Tenn., October 16, 1852; interment in Willow Mount Cemetery.

BARRINGER, Daniel Moreau (nephew of Daniel Laurens Barringer), a Representative from North Carolina; born at ‘‘Poplar Grove,’’ near Concord, Cabarrus County, N.C., July 30, 1806; was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1826; studied law in Hillsboro; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Concord, N.C., in 1829; member of the State house of commons 1829-1834, 1840, and 1842; member of the State constitutional convention in 1835; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1849); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Thirtieth Congress), Committee on Indian Affairs (Thirtieth Congress); declined a renomination; appointed by President Taylor and reappointed by President Fillmore Minister to Spain and served from June 18, 1849, until September 4, 1853; again elected to the State house of commons in 1854; delegate to the peace convention held in Washington, D.C., in 1861 in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; delegate to the Union National Convention at Philadelphia in August 1866; chairman of the Democratic State committee in 1872; died at White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier County, Va., September 1, 1873; interment in Greenmount Cemetery, Baltimore, Md.

BARROW, Alexander, a Senator from Louisiana; born near Nashville, Tenn., March 27, 1801; attended the United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., 1816-1818; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1822 and commenced practice in Nashville, Tenn.; moved soon afterward to Louisiana and settled in Feliciana Parish and continued the practice of law, which he later abandoned to become a planter; member of the State house of representatives for several terms; elected in 1840 as a Whig to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1841, until his death in Baltimore, Md., December 29, 1846; chairman, Committee on Public Buildings (Twenty-seventh Congress), Committee on Militia (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses); interment in a private cemetery at Afton Villa plantation, near Bayou Sara, La.

BARROW, Middleton Pope (grandson of Wilson Lumpkin), a Senator from Georgia; born near Antioch (now Stephens), Oglethorpe County, Ga., August 1, 1839; attended a private academy; graduated from the law department of the University of Georgia at Athens in 1860; admitted to the bar in 1860 and commenced practice in Athens, Clarke County, Ga.; during the Civil War entered the Confederate service in 1861 and served throughout the war; resumed the practice of law in Athens; member of the State constitutional convention in 1877; member, State house of representatives 1880-1881; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1882 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Benjamin H. Hill and served from November 15, 1882, to March 3, 1883; was not a candidate for reelection; resumed the practice of law in Athens, Ga.; judge of the eastern judicial circuit of Georgia from January 6, 1902, until his death in Savannah, Ga., December 23, 1903; interment in a private cemetery on the family plantation in Oglethorpe County, Ga. Bibliography: Mellichamp, Josephine. ‘‘Pope Barrow.’’ In Senators From Georgia. pp. 178-80. Huntsville, Ala.: Strode Publishers, 1976.

BARROW, Washington, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Davidson County, Tenn., October 5, 1807; received a classical education; lawyer, private practice; Minister to Portugal, 1841-1844; newspaper editor; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); was not a candidate for renomination to the Thirtyfirst Congress in 1848; businessman; member of the Tennessee state senate, 1860-1861; died in St. Louis, Mo., October 19, 1866; interment in the vault of Dr. John Shelby on a private estate in East Nashville, Tenn.

BARROWS, Samuel June, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in New York City May 26, 1845; after attending primary school was graduated from the Harvard Divinity School in the fall of 1871; while at Harvard University was the Boston correspondent of the New York Tribune; went with the Yellowstone Expedition of 1873, under the command of General Stanley, and with the Black Hills Expedition in 1874, commanded by General Custer; in 1873 took part in the Battles of Tongue River and the Big Horn; pastor of the first parish, Dorchester (Boston), Mass., from 18761881, when he resigned to become editor of the Christian Register, which position he held for 16 years; American representative to the International Prison Congress of 1895, 1900, and 1905, at which he was elected to serve as president of the 1910 congress; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1897-March 3, 1899); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1898 to the Fifty-sixth Congress; secretary of the New York Prison Association 1899-1909; died in New York City April 21, 1909; remains were cremated and the ashes placed in a private burying ground near Georgeville, Quebec, Canada.

BARRY, Alexander Grant, a Senator from Oregon; born in Astoria, Clatsop County, Oreg., August 23, 1892; attended the public schools of Astoria and Portland, Oreg., the University of Washington at Seattle, the University of Oregon Law School, and Northwest College of Law at Portland, Oreg.; admitted to the bar in 1917 and commenced practice in Portland, Oreg.; during the First World War was commissioned a second lieutenant and served in the artillery until February 1919; member of the Oregon Relief Committee in 1932, the Oregon Relief Commission in 1933, and the Oregon Liquor Control Commission 1933-1935; chairman of School District No. 1 Civil Service Board in 1937 and 1938; elected on November 8, 1938, as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Frederick Steiwer and served from November 9, 1938, to January 3, 1939; was not a candidate for election to the full term; resumed the practice of law; member, State house of representatives 1945-1950; died in Portland, Oreg., December 28, 1952; interment in Willamette National Cemetery.

BARRY, Frederick George, a Representative from Mississippi; born in Woodbury, Cannon County, Tenn., January 12, 1845; received a limited education; served as a private in Company E, Eighth Confederate Cavalry, Col. William B. Wade’s regiment, during the Civil War; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Aberdeen, Monroe County, Miss.; moved to West Point, Miss., in 1873 and continued the practice of law; member of the State senate 1875-1879; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1889); was not a candidate for renomination in 1888; resumed the practice of law in West Point, Clay County, Miss., where he died May 7, 1909; interment in Odd Fellows Rest Cemetery, Aberdeen, Miss.

BARRY, Henry W., a Representative from Mississippi; born in Schoharie County, N.Y., in April 1840; self-educated; principal of Locust Grove Academy in Kentucky; during the Civil War enlisted in the Union Army; organized a regiment of colored troops in Kentucky; commissioned first lieutenant of the Tenth Regiment, Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, November 21, 1861; colonel of the Eighth United States Colored Artillery April 28, 1864; brevetted brigadier general of Volunteers March 13, 1865; mustered out May 11, 1866; was graduated from the law department of Columbian College (now George Washington University), Washington, D.C., in 1867; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Columbus, Lowndes County, Miss.; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1867; member of the State senate in 1868; upon the readmission of the State of Mississippi to representation was elected as a Republican to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses and served from February 23, 1870, to March 3, 1875; chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses); died in Washington, D.C., June 7, 1875; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

BARRY, Robert Raymond, a Representative from New York; born in Omaha, Nebr., May 15, 1915; received early education in the public schools of Evanston, Ill.; attended Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y., 1933-1936, and the Tuck School of Business Administration at Dartmouth College in 1937; studied law and finance at New York University Graduate School in 1938; engaged in investment banking with Kidder, Peabody & Co., in 1937 and 1938 and commercial banking with Manufacturers Trust Co., in 1938 and 1939; executive of Bendix Aviation Corp., 1940-1943 and Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co., 1945-1950; also engaged in farming, mining, and real-estate development; during the Second World War served in the office of the Under Secretary of the Navy; served on the political staffs of Wendell Willkie and Gov. Thomas E. Dewey and of Presidents Eisenhower and Nixon; chairman of the United Nations Committee to Build World House at the United Nations; mining operations at Portola, Calif., and land development at Salton Sea, Calif.; United States delegate to several NATO Parliamentarians Conferences; United States delegate to UNESCO; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-sixth Congress and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1959-January 3, 1965); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1964 to the Eighty-ninth Congress; unsuccessful candidate for nomination in 1972 to the Ninety-third Congress; was a resident of Woodside, Calif., until his death in Redwood City, Calif., on June 14, 1988.

BARRY, William Bernard, a Representative from New York; born in County Mayo, Ireland, July 21, 1902; immigrated to the United States in 1907 with his parents, who settled in Queens County, N.Y.; attended the public schools; was graduated from New York University at New York City in 1925 and from its law school in 1929; was admitted to the bar in 1929 and commenced practice in New York City; assistant district attorney of Queens County, N.Y., in 1932 and 1933; special United States attorney for the Department of Justice 1933-1935; member of the Democratic executive committee of Queens County 1930-1935; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William F. Brunner; reelected to the Seventy-fifth and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from November 5, 1935, until his death; had been renominated to the Eightieth Congress; died in New York City, on October 20, 1946; interment in Mount St. Mary’s Cemetery, Flushing, N.Y.

BARRY, William Taylor, a Representative and a Senator from Kentucky; born near Lunenburg, Lunenburg County, Va., February 5, 1784; moved to Fayette County, Ky., in 1796 with his parents; attended the common schools, Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County, Ky., Transylvania University at Lexington, Ky., and graduated from William and Mary College at Williamsburg, Va., in 1803; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1805 and commenced practice at Lexington, Ky.; appointed Commonwealth attorney; member, State house of representatives 1807; elected as a Democratic Republican to the Eleventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Benjamin Howard and served from August 8, 1810, to March 3, 1811; served in the military during the War of 1812; member, State house of representatives 1814 and was chosen speaker; elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George M. Bibb and served from December 16, 1814, until his resignation effective May 1, 1816, having been appointed to a judicial position; appointed judge of the circuit court for the eleventh district of Kentucky 18161817; member, State senate 1817-1821; elected lieutenant governor of Kentucky in 1820; professor of law and politics at Transylvania University 1822; secretary of State of Kentucky 1824; appointed chief justice of the State court of appeals 1825; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election as Governor of Kentucky in 1828; appointed Postmaster General by President Andrew Jackson March 9, 1829, and served until April 10, 1835, when he resigned; appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain May 1, 1835; died in Liverpool, England, August 30, 1835, while in route to Madrid, Spain; interment in England; reinterment in the State Cemetery at Frankfort, Ky., 1854. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography.

BARRY, William Taylor Sullivan, a Representative from Mississippi; born in Columbus, Lowndes County, Miss., December 10, 1821; was graduated from Yale College in 1841; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1844 and commenced practice in Columbus; also engaged in planting; member of the State house of representatives 1849-1851; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); again a member of the State house of representatives and served as speaker in 1855; president of the State secession convention in 1861; member of the Provisional Confederate Congress; during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army and raised the Thirty-fifth Regiment of Mississippi Infantry, at times acting as brigade commander; captured at Mobile April 12, 1865; resumed the practice of law in Columbus, Miss., where he died January 29, 1868; interment in Odd Fellows Cemetery.

BARSTOW, Gamaliel Henry, a Representative from New York; born in Sharon, Litchfield County, Conn., July 20, 1784; moved to Tioga County, N.Y., in 1812; worked on his father’s farm and taught school; studied medicine in Barrington, Mass., and practiced; member of the State assembly 1815-1819; appointed first judge of the Tioga County Court in 1818 and served until 1823; served in the State senate 1819-1822; again a member of the State assembly 1823-1826; State treasurer 1825-1828 and again in 1838; supervisor of Nichols, N.Y., in 1830; elected as an AntiMasonic candidate to the Twenty-second Congress (March 4, 1831-March 3, 1833); continued the practice of medicine and engaged in agricultural pursuits in Nichols, N.Y., until his death there March 30, 1865; interment in Ashbury Cemetery, near Nichols, N.Y.

BARSTOW, Gideon, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Mattapoisett, Plymouth County, Mass., September 7, 1783; attended the common schools and Brown University, Providence, R.I., 1799-1801; studied medicine; was admitted to practice and settled in Salem, Essex County, Mass.; member of the State constitutional convention in 1820; elected to the Seventeenth Congress (March 4, 1821-March 3, 1823); was not a candidate for renomination in 1822; member of the State house of representatives in 1823, 1829, 1833, and 1837; served in the State senate in 1827 and 1834; presidential elector on the Whig ticket of Clay and Sergeant in 1832; because of ill health moved to St. Augustine, St. Johns County, Fla., and engaged in mercantile pursuits; died in St. Augustine, Fla., March 26, 1852; interment in Huguenot Cemetery.

BARTHOLDT, Richard, a Representative from Missouri; born in Schleiz, Germany, November 2, 1855; attended the public schools and Schleiz College (Gymnasium); immigrated to the United States in April 1872 and settled in Brooklyn, N.Y.; learned the printing trade and became a newspaper writer and publisher; moved to Missouri and settled in St. Louis in 1877; was connected with several papers as reporter, legislative correspondent, and editor, and at the time of his election to Congress was editor in chief of the St. Louis Tribune; member of the St. Louis Board of Education from 1888 to 1892, serving as president from 1890 to 1892; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third and to the ten succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1915); chairman, Committee on Immigration and Naturalization (Fiftyfourth Congress), Committee on Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Fifty-fifth through Fifty-eighth Congresses), Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Fiftyninth through Sixty-first Congresses); in 1911 was appointed by President Taft as a special envoy to the German Emperor to present a statue of Baron Steuben as a gift from Congress and the American people; was not a candidate for renomination in 1914; engaged in literary pursuits; served as chairman of the Republican State convention at St. Joseph, Mo., in 1896; elected president of the Interparliamentary Union at the conference held in St. Louis in 1904, and for many years was president of the arbitration group in Congress, which he founded in 1903; died in St. Louis, Mo., March 19, 1932; his body was cremated and the ashes interred in Concordia Cemetery.

BARTINE, Horace Franklin, a Representative from Nevada; born in New York City March 21, 1848; moved with his parents to New Jersey in 1858; attended the common schools until fifteen years of age, when he enlisted as a private in the Eighth Regiment, New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, in July 1863 and served during the last two years of the Civil War; was severely wounded at the Battle of the Wilderness; participated in many of the engagements of the Army of the Potomac and was present at the surrender of the Confederate forces at Appomattox Court House; returned to New Jersey and engaged in agricultural pursuits; moved to Carson City, Nev., in 1869; from 1869 to 1876 engaged in the manufacture of copper sulphate for milling purposes; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1880 and practiced in the courts of Nevada; served as district attorney of Ormsby County 1880-1882; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-first and Fifty-second Congresses (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1893); was not a candidate for renomination in 1892; editor of the National Bimetallist, published in Chicago, Ill., and Washington, D.C.; returned to Carson City, Nev., in 1902; appointed State tax examiner in 1904; appointed railroad commissioner in March 1907 and served as chief commissioner and chairman of the commission until his death in Winnemucca, Humboldt County, Nev., August 27, 1918; interment in Lone Mountain Cemetery, Carson City, Ormsby County, Nev.

BARTLETT, Bailey, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Haverhill, Essex County, Mass., January 29, 1750; attended the common schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1789; member of the State house of representatives 1781-1784 and in 1788; member of the convention which adopted the Constitution of the United States in 1788; served in the State senate in 1789; appointed high sheriff of Essex County by Gov. John Hancock and served from July 1, 1789, until December 5, 1811; elected as a Federalist to the Fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Theophilus Bradbury; reelected to the Sixth Congress and served from November 27, 1797, to March 3, 1801; was not a candidate for renomination in 1800; served as treasurer of Essex County in 1812; again appointed high sheriff of Essex County on June 20, 1812, and served until his death; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1820; died in Haverhill, Mass., September 9, 1830; interment in Pentucket Cemetery.

BARTLETT, Charles Lafayette, a Representative from Georgia; born in Monticello, Jasper County, Ga., January 31, 1853; attended private schools in Monticello and was graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1870; studied law at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, and was graduated from the law department of the University of Georgia in 1872; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Monticello in August 1872; moved to Macon, Ga., in 1875 and continued the practice of law; appointed solicitor general for the Macon Judicial Court on January 31, 1877, and served in that capacity until January 31, 1881; member of the State house of representatives 1882-1885; city attorney of Macon 1887-1892; served in the State senate in 1888 and 1889; appointed judge of the superior court of the Macon circuit in October 1892, and elected to the same office January 1, 1893, serving until May 1, 1894, when he resigned; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fourth and to the nine succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1915); was not a candidate for renomination in 1914; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1916; resumed the practice of law in Macon, Ga., also engaged in banking; died in Macon, Ga., April 21, 1938; interment in Rose Hill Cemetery.

BARTLETT, Dewey Follett, a Senator from Oklahoma; born in Marietta, Washington County, Ohio, March 28, 1919; educated in Marietta, Ohio, public schools and Lawrenceville Preparatory School, Lawrenceville, N.J.; graduated, Princeton University 1942; during the Second World War served in the United States Marine Corps as a dive bomber pilot in the South Pacific Theater 1943-1945; moved to Oklahoma; oilman, farmer, and rancher; member, Oklahoma State senate 1963-1966; Governor of Oklahoma 1967-1971; unsuccessful candidate for reelection as Governor in 1970; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1972 and served from January 3, 1973, to January 3, 1979; was not a candidate for reelection in 1978 due to ill health; died in Tulsa, Okla., March 1, 1979; interment in Calvary Cemetery. Bibliography: Bartlett, Dewey F. ‘‘Standardizing Military Excellence: The Key to NATO’s Survival.’’ American Enterprise Institute Defense Review 6 (1977): 2-13.

BARTLETT, Edward Lewis (Bob), a Delegate from the Territory of Alaska and a Senator from Alaska; born in Seattle, King County, Wash., April 20, 1904; attended the University of Washington 1922-1924, and University of Alaska 1924-1925; reporter, Fairbanks (Alaska) Daily NewsMiner 1925-1933; secretary to Delegate Anthony J. Dimond of Alaska 1933-1934; gold miner in Alaska 1936-1939; chairman of the Unemployment Compensation Commission of Alaska 1937-1939; appointed secretary of Alaska by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on January 30, 1939, and served until his resignation on February 6, 1944, to become a candidate for Delegate to Congress; member of the Alaska War Council 1942-1944; elected as a Democrat, a Delegate to the Seventy-ninth and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1945-January 3, 1959); was not a candidate for renomination in 1958 having become a candidate for the United States Senate; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate on November 25, 1958, and upon the admission of Alaska as a State into the Union on January 3, 1959, drew the two-year term beginning on that day and ending January 3, 1961; reelected in 1960 and again in 1966, and served from January 3, 1959, until his death in Cleveland, Ohio, December 11, 1968; interment in Northern Lights Memorial Park, Fairbanks, Alaska. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Naske, Claus M. Edward Lewis ‘Bob’ Bartlett of Alaska: A Life in Politics. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 1979.

BARTLETT, Franklin, a Representative from New York; born in Worcester County, Mass., September 10, 1847; was graduated from the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute in 1865 and from Harvard University in 1869; attended Columbia College Law School in 1869; was admitted to the bar in 1870; attended Exeter College, Oxford University, England, in 1870 and 1871; concluded the course at Columbia College Law School in 1873; served as a member of the constitutional commission of the State of New York in 1890; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago in 1892; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1897); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1896 to the Fifty-fifth Congress; colonel of Volunteers in the war with Spain in 1898; died in New York City on April 23, 1909; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.

BARTLETT, George Arthur, a Representative from Nevada; born in San Francisco, Calif., November 30, 1869; moved with his parents to Eureka, Eureka County, Nev.; attended the common schools; was graduated from the law department of Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., in 1894; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced the practice of law in the courts of Nevada; district attorney of Eureka County, Nev., in 1889 and 1890; elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses (March 4, 1907-March 3, 1911); was not a candidate for renomination in 1910; resumed the practice of law in Reno, Nev.; appointed United States assistant district attorney for the district of Nevada on March 3, 1915, and served until March 30, 1918, when he resigned; appointed judge of the second judicial district court of Nevada on April 1, 1918, in which capacity he served, with the exception of about two years, until January 1931, when he resumed the private practice of law; author of several books; died in Reno, Nev., June 1, 1951; interment in Mountain View Cemetery.

BARTLETT, Harry Stephen (Steve), a Representative from Texas; born in Los Angeles, Calif., September 19, 1947; attended public schools of Lockhart, Tex.; graduated, Kimball High School, Dallas, Tex., 1966; B.A., University of Texas, Austin, 1971; businessman; president and founder of manufacturing company; member, city council, Dallas, Tex., 1977-1981; delegate, Texas State Republican conventions, 1972-1982; elected as a Republican to the Ninetyeighth and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1983, until his resignation March 11, 1991; is a resident of Dallas, Tex.

BARTLETT, Ichabod, a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Salisbury, N.H., July 24, 1786; received a classical education and was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1808; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1811 and commenced practice in Durham, Strafford County, N.H.; moved to Portsmouth in 1816 and continued the practice of law; clerk of the State senate in 1817 and 1818; State solicitor for Rockingham County 18191821; member of the State house of representatives 18191821; served as speaker in 1821; elected to the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Congresses (March 4, 1823March 3, 1829); declined the appointment as chief justice of the court of common pleas in 1825; again a member of the State house of representatives 1830, 1838, 1851, and 1852; unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1832; member of the State constitutional convention in 1850; died in Portsmouth, N.H., October 19, 1853; interment in Harmony Grove Cemetery.

BARTLETT, Josiah (father of Josiah Bartlett, Jr.), a Delegate from New Hampshire; born in Amesbury, Mass., November 21, 1729; attended the public schools; studied medicine, and commenced practice in Kingston, N.H., in 1750; was medical agent to Gen. John Stark at Bennington; member of the colonial legislature of New Hampshire 17651775; Member of the Continental Congress in 1775, 1776 and 1778; signer of the Articles of Confederation and second signer of the Declaration of Independence; chief justice of the court of common pleas in 1778; became justice of the superior court in 1784 and chief justice in 1788; member of the convention which framed the Federal Constitution in 1787; in 1789 was elected to the United States Senate from New Hampshire, but declined, and at the same time resigned as chief justice; Governor of the State of New Hampshire 1790-1794; member of the constitutional convention of 1792 which changed the title from president to that of Governor; retired in 1794; died in Kingston, N.H., May 19, 1795; interment in the Plains Cemetery, in rear of the Universalist Church. Bibliography: Bartlett, Josiah. The Papers of Josiah Bartlett. Edited by Frank C. Mevers. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1979.

BARTLETT, Josiah, Jr. (son of Josiah Bartlett), a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Kingston, N.H., August 29, 1768; attended the common schools and was graduated from Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H.; studied medicine and commenced practice in Stratham, Rockingham County, N.H.; member of the State senate in 1809 and 1810; elected as a Republican to the Twelfth Congress (March 4, 1811-March 3, 1813); resumed the practice of medicine; treasurer of Rockingham County; again elected to the State senate, in 1824, and served as president; presidential elector in 1824 and supported John Quincy Adams; resumed the practice of medicine; died in Stratham, N.H., April 16, 1838; interment in the Old Congregational Cemetery.

BARTLETT, Roscoe Gardner, a Representative from Maryland; born in Moreland, Jefferson County, Ky., June 3, 1926; B.S., Columbia Union College, Takoma Park, Md., 1947; M.S., University of Maryland, College Park, Md., 1948; Ph.D., University of Maryland, College Park, Md., 1952; faculty, University of Maryland, College Park, Md.,1948-1952; faculty, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda, Calif., 1952-1954; assistant professor, Howard University Medical School, Washington, D.C., 1954-1956; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Ninety-eighth Congress in 1982; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Third and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1993-present).

BARTLETT, Thomas, Jr., a Representative from Vermont; born in Sutton, Caledonia County, Vt., June 18, 1808; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1833 and commenced practice in Groton, Vt.; moved to Lyndon, Vt., in 1836 and continued the practice of law; State’s attorney for Caledonia County 1839-1842; member of the State senate in 1841 and 1842; served in the State house of representatives in 1849, 1850, 1854, and 1855; delegate to the State constitutional conventions in 1850 and 1857; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1853); chairman, Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings (Thirty-second Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1852 to the Thirty-third Congress; resumed the practice of law; died in Lyndon, Vt., September 12, 1876; interment in Lyndon Town Cemetery, Lyndon Center, Vt.

BARTLEY, Mordecai, a Representative from Ohio; born in Fayette County, Pa., December 16, 1783; attended school in Virginia; moved to Ohio in 1809 and settled in Jefferson County; served in the War of 1812 as captain and was promoted to adjutant; settled on a farm in Richland County in 1814 and engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State senate in 1817 and 1818; elected register of the land office of Virginia military district school lands in 1818 and served until his resignation in 1823, having been elected to Congress; elected to the Eighteenth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1823-March 3, 1831); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1830; resumed agricultural pursuits; moved to Mansfield in 1834 and engaged in mercantile pursuits; Governor of Ohio 1844-1846; declined reelection and again engaged in agricultural pursuits; died in Mansfield, Richland County, Ohio, October 10, 1870; interment in Mansfield Cemetery.

BARTON, Bruce, a Representative from New York; born in Robbins, Scott County, Tenn., August 5, 1886; educated in the public schools of Ohio, Massachusetts, and Illinois; graduated from Amherst (Mass.) College in 1907; moved to Chicago, Ill., in 1900 and engaged in literary and editorial pursuits; moved to New York City in 1912 and continued literary work; also engaged in the magazine and advertising business; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Theodore A. Peyser; reelected to the Seventy-sixth Congress and served from November 2, 1937, to January 3, 1941; was not a candidate for renomination but was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1940 to the United States Senate; delegate to the Republican State convention in 1938 and to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1940; resumed advertising business in New York City; died in New York City, on July 5, 1967; interment in Rock Hill Cemetery, Foxboro, Mass. Bibliography: Bishop, Robert L. ‘‘Bruce Barton–Presidential Stage Manager.’’ Journalism Quarterly 43 (Spring 1966): 85-89; Nuechterlein, James A. ‘‘Bruce Barton and the Business Ethos of 1920’s.’’ South Atlantic Quarterly 76 (Summer 1977): 293-308.

BARTON, David, a Senator from Missouri; born near Greeneville, N.C. (now Tennessee), December 14, 1783; read law; admitted to the Tennessee bar; moved to the Territory of Missouri in 1809; elected attorney general of the Territory in 1813; first circuit judge of Howard County in 1815 and presiding judge in 1816; member, Territorial house of representatives 1818 and served as speaker; member and president of the convention which formed the State constitution in 1820; upon the admission of Missouri as a State into the Union was elected as a Democratic Republican (later Adams-Clay Republican) to the United States Senate; reelected in 1825 as an Adams Democrat and served from August 10, 1821, to March 3, 1831; unsuccessful candidate for reelection as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1830; chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Eighteenth through Twentyfirst Congresses); member, State senate 1834-1835; died in Boonville, Mo., on September 28, 1837; interment in Walnut Grove Cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Shoemaker, Floyd C. ‘David Barton, John Rice Jones, and Edward Bates: Three Missouri State and Statehood Founders.’ Missouri Historical Review 65 (July 1971): 52743; Van Ravensway, Charles. ‘The Tragedy of David Barton.’ Missouri Historical Society Bulletin 7 (October 1950): 35-56.

BARTON, Joe Linus, a Representative from Texas; born in Waco, McLennan County, Tex., September 15, 1949; graduated from Waco High School, Waco, Tex., 1968; B.A., Texas Agricultural & Mechanical University, College Station, Tex., 1972; M.S., Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., 1973; business executive; White House Fellowship, served as aide to Secretary of Energy James B. Edwards, 1981-1982; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-ninth and to the nine succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1985-present); chair, Committee on Energy and Commerce (One Hundred Eighth Congress).

BARTON, Richard Walker, a Representative from Virginia; born at ‘‘Shady Oak,’’ near Winchester, Frederick County, Va., in 1800; pursued academic studies; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Winchester, Va.; member of the State assembly in 1823-1824, 1832-1835 and 1839; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1842 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; resumed the practice of his profession in Winchester, Va.; died on his estate, ‘‘Springdale,’’ near Winchester, Frederick County, Va., March 15, 1859; interment in the family burying ground at ‘‘Springdale.’’

BARTON, Samuel, a Representative from New York; born in New Dorp, Richmond County, N.Y., July 27, 1785; attended the common schools; agent for Commodore Vanderbilt’s steamship lines; served in the State militia as a major in 1818 and as a colonel in 1833; member of the State assembly in 1821 and 1822; served on the Andrew Jackson reception committee in 1833; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1835-March 3, 1837); was not a candidate for renomination in 1836; resumed his former pursuits in the steamship business; director of the Tompkinsville Lyceum in 1842; died in New Dorp, Richmond County, N.Y., January 29, 1858; interment in Moravian Cemetery.

BARTON, Silas Reynolds, a Representative from Nebraska; born in New London, Henry County, Iowa, May 21, 1872; moved to Hamilton County, Nebr., in 1873 with his parents; was graduated from the Aurora High School and attended the Peru (Nebr.) State Normal School; engaged in agricultural pursuits and taught school; deputy treasurer of Hamilton County 1898-1901; grand recorder of the Ancient Order of United Workmen of Nebraska 1901-1908; president for two terms of the Grand Recorders’ Association of the United States; State auditor 1909-1913; during his two terms as auditor and insurance commissioner was a member of the National Executive Committee of Insurance Commissioners; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-third Congress (March 4, 1913-March 3, 1915); was a candidate for election to the Sixty-fifth Congress, but died before election day in Grand Island, Hall County, Nebr., November 7, 1916; interment in Aurora Cemetery, Aurora, Hamilton County, Nebr.

BARTON, William Edward (cousin of Courtney Walker Hamlin), a Representative from Missouri; born in Pickens District (now County), S.C., April 11, 1868; in 1869 moved to Missouri with his parents, who settled in Crawford County, near Bourbon; attended the public schools and the Steelville Normal and Business Institute, Steelville, Mo.; employed as a farm hand, miner, and in a railroad office; taught school near Bourbon, Mo., 1889-1892; graduated from the law department of the Missouri University at Columbia in 1894; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Houston, Mo.; delegate to the State judicial conventions in 1896 and 1906; during the SpanishAmerican War served as a sergeant in Company M, Second Regiment, Missouri Volunteer Infantry; prosecuting attorney of Texas County in 1901 and 1902; judge of the nineteenth judicial circuit 1923-1928; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-second Congress (March 4, 1931-March 3, 1933); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932 to the Seventythird Congress; again elected judge of the nineteenth judicial circuit of Missouri and served from 1934 to 1946; resumed the private practice of law; died in Houston, Mo., July 29, 1955; interment in Houston Cemetery.

BARWIG, Charles, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, March 19, 1837; immigrated to the United States in 1845 with his parents, who settled in Milwaukee, Wis.; attended the public schools and was graduated from the Spencerian Business College at Milwaukee in 1857; moved to Mayville in 1865 and engaged in the wholesale liquor business; mayor of Mayville 18861888; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first, Fifty-second, and Fifty-third Congresses (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1895); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Fifty-third Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress; engaged in the real estate business; died in Mayville, Wis., on February 15, 1912; interment in Graceland Cemetery.

BASHFORD, Coles, a Delegate from the Territory of Arizona; born near Cold Spring, Putnam County, N.Y., January 24, 1816; attended the Wesleyan Seminary (now Genesee College), Lima, N.Y.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1842; district attorney for Wayne County 1847-1850; resigned in 1850 and moved to Oshkosh, Wis.; member of the Wisconsin senate in 1853 and 1855; first Republican Governor of Wisconsin 1855-1858; declined renomination; moved to Arizona in 1863; first attorney general of Arizona 1864-1866; presiding officer of first Territorial Council in 1865; elected as an Independent to the Fortieth Congress (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1869); secretary of state of Arizona 1869-1876; resigned and moved to Prescott, Ariz., in 1876, where he engaged in business; died in Prescott, Ariz., April 25, 1878; interment in Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland, Calif.

BASS, Charles Foster (son of Perkins Bass), a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Boston, Suffolk County, Mass., January 8, 1952; graduated from Holderness School, Plymouth, N.H., 1970; A.B., Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., 1974; staff for United States Representative William S. Cohen of Maine, 1974; staff for United States Representative David F. Emery of Maine, 1975-1979; unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the Ninety-seventh Congress in 1980; delegate to New Hampshire constitutional convention, 1984; member of the New Hampshire general court, 1982-1988; member of the New Hampshire state senate, 1988-1992; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Fourth and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1995-present).

BASS, Lyman Kidder, a Representative from New York; born in the town of Alden, Erie County, N.Y., November 13, 1836; attended the common schools and was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1856; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1858 and commenced practice in Buffalo, N.Y.; district attorney for Erie County 1865-1872; renominated in 1871, but declined to accept; unsuccessful Republican candidate for election in 1870 to the Forty-second Congress; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1877); because of ill health declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1876; moved to Colorado Springs, Colo., in 1877 and continued the practice of law; served as general counsel for the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Co., from 1878 to 1884; died in New York City, while on a visit, May 11, 1889; interment in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, N.Y.

BASS, Perkins (father of Charles Foster Bass), a Representative from New Hampshire; born in East Walpole, Norfolk County, Mass., October 6, 1912; graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1934 and from Harvard Law School in 1938; was admitted to the New Hampshire bar in 1938 and commenced the practice of law in Manchester, N.H.; law clerk to Judge Woodbury of First Circuit Court of Appeals in 1941 and 1942; entered military service April 9, 1942, and served as air combat intelligence officer with General Chennault’s Fourteenth Air Force in China from 1943 until discharged with rank of major in 1945; awarded the Bronze Star Medal and from the Nationalist Government of China received the Yun-Ma Medal for distinguished and meritorious service; resumed practice of law in Manchester and Peterborough, N.H.; member of the New Hampshire house of representatives 1939, 1941, 1947, and 1951; served in the State senate 1949-1951 as president; director and member of the executive committee of Bird & Son, Inc., East Walpole, Mass., 1948-1984; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1955-January 3, 1963); was not a candidate for renomination in 1962 to the Eighty-eighth Congress but was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate; Republican National Committeeman from New Hampshire, 1964-1968; selectman of Peterborough, N.H., 1972-1976; is a resident of Peterborough, N.H.

BASS, Ross, a Representative and a Senator from Tennessee; born on a farm in Giles County, near Pulaski, Tenn., March 17, 1918; attended the public schools in Middle, Tenn.; graduated from Martin College, Pulaski, Tenn., 1941; served during the Second World War as a captain in the Air Corps; owner of a soft-drink bottling plant, florist and nurseryman 1946-1947; postmaster of Pulaski, Tenn., 19471954; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-fourth and to the four succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1955, until his resignation November 3, 1964; elected in a special election on November 3, 1964, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to complete the unexpired term caused by the death of Estes Kefauver and served from November 4, 1964, to January 2, 1967; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1966; owner of consulting firm in Washington, D.C.; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States House of Representatives in 1976; was a resident of Miami Shores, Fla., until his death, January 1, 1993.

BASSETT, Burwell, a Representative from Virginia; born in New Kent County, Va., March 18, 1764; attended the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va.; member of the State house of delegates 1787-1789; served in the State senate 1794-1805; unsuccessfully contested the election of John Clopton to the Fourth Congress; elected as a Republican to the Ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1805-March 3, 1813); chairman, Committee on Claims (Twelfth Congress), Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business (Twelfth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1812 to the Thirteenth Congress; elected as a Republican to the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Congresses (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1819); again a member of the State house of delegates 1819-1821; elected to the Seventeenth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1821-March 3, 1829); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1828 to the Twenty-first Congress; died in New Kent County, Va., February 26, 1841.

BASSETT, Edward Murray, a Representative from New York; born in Brooklyn, N.Y., February 7, 1863; attended the public schools in Brooklyn and Watertown, N.Y., and Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y., in 1881 and 1882; was graduated from Amherst (Mass.) College in 1884 and from Columbia Law School, New York City, in 1886; was admitted to the New York State bar in 1886 and commenced practice in Buffalo, N.Y.; moved to New York City in 1892 and continued the practice of law; member of the Brooklyn School Board 1899-1903; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftyeighth Congress (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1905); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1904; resumed the practice of law; member of the New York Public Service Commission 1907-1911; chairman of the Heights of Buildings Commission 1913-1915; chairman of the Zoning Commission in 1916 and 1917; appointed by Secretary Hoover in 1922 as a member of the Department of Commerce, Advisory Committee on Zoning; writer on bankruptcy, eminent domain, and police power; died in Brooklyn, N.Y., October 27, 1948; interment in Ashfield Plains Cemetery, Ashfield, Mass.

BASSETT, Richard (grandfather of Richard Henry Bayard and James Asheton Bayard, Jr.), a Senator from Delaware; born in Cecil County, Md., April 2, 1745; pursued preparatory studies; studied law; admitted to the bar and practiced in Delaware; captain of a Delaware troop during the Revolutionary War; member of the State constitutional conventions in 1776 and 1792; member, State senate 1782; member, State house of representatives 1786; delegate to the convention which framed the Constitution of the United States in 1787; member of the Delaware convention which ratified the Federal Constitution in 1787; elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1793; chief justice of the court of common pleas 1793-1799; Governor of Delaware 1799-1801; appointed United States circuit judge by President John Adams in 1801; died on his estate, ‘Bohemia Manor,’ in Cecil County, Md., August 15, 1815; interment Brandywine Cemetery, Wilmington, Del. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Pattison, Robert E. The Life and Character of Richard Bassett. Wilmington, Del.: Delaware Historical Society, 1900.

BATE, William Brimage, a Senator from Tennessee; born near Castalian Springs, Sumner County, Tenn., October 7, 1826; completed an academic course of study; served as a private in Louisiana and Tennessee regiments throughout the Mexican War; member, State house of representatives 1849-1851; graduated from the law department of Lebanon University, Lebanon, Tenn., in 1852; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Gallatin, Tenn.; elected attorney general for the Nashville district in 1854; during the Civil War served in the Confederate army, attained the rank of major general, surrendered with the Army of the Tennessee in 1865; after the war returned to Tennessee and resumed the practice of law at Gallatin; elected Governor of Tennessee in 1882 and reelected in 1884; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1887; reelected in 1893, 1899, and again in 1905, and served from March 4, 1887, until his death in Washington, D.C., March 9, 1905; chairman, Committee on the Improvement of the Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Fifty-third Congress), Committee on Military Affairs (Fifty-third Congress), Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine (Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses); funeral services were held in the Chamber of the United States Senate; interment in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Nashville, Tenn. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Marshall, Park. A Life of William Bate, Citizen, Soldier, and Statesman. Nashville: Cumberland Press, 1908; U.S. Congress. Memorial Addresses. 59th Cong., 2nd sess., 1906-1907. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1907.

BATEMAN, Ephraim, a Representative and a Senator from New Jersey; born in Cedarville, N.J., July 9, 1780; attended the local schools and Nathaniel Ogden’s Latin school; apprenticed as a tailor in 1796; taught in the local school 1799-1801; studied medicine with a physician in 1801 and at the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1802 and 1803; practiced in Cedarville; member, State house of assembly 1808-1809, 1811, and 1813, serving as speaker in 1813; elected to the Fourteenth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1823); member, State council 1826 and served as president; elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Joseph McIlvaine and served from November 10, 1826, to January 12, 1829, when he resigned because of failing health; chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Twentieth Congress); died in Cedarville, Cumberland County, N.J., January 28, 1829; interment in Old Stone Church Cemetery, Fairfield Township, N.J. Bibliography: Sheppard, Charles E., ed. ‘‘Journal of Ephraim Bateman of Fairfield Township, Cumberland County.’’ Vineland Historical Magazine 13 (July 1928): 55-64; (October 1928): 80-89; 14 (January 1929): 106-14; (April 1929): 127-35; (July 1929): 154-62; (October 1929): 174-82; 15 (January 1930): 210-17; (April 1930): 235-46.

BATEMAN, Herbert Harvell, a Representative from Virginia; born in Perquimans County, N.C., August 7, 1928; attended public schools of Virginia; graduated, Newport News High School, Newport News, Va., 1945; B.A., College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va., 1949; LL.B., Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C., 1956; served, United States Air Force, 1951-1953; teacher; admitted to the Virginia bar, 1956; law clerk, United States Circuit Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, 19561957; partner, private law practice; member, Virginia senate, 1968-1983; delegate, Virginia State Republican conventions, 1976-1982; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-eighth and to the eight succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1983, until his death in Leesburg, Va., on September 11, 2000.

BATES, Arthur Laban (nephew of John Milton Thayer), a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Meadville, Crawford County, Pa., June 6, 1859; studied under tutors and was graduated from Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., in 1880; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1882; attended Oxford University, England, in 1882 and 1883; commenced the practice of law in Meadville, Pa., in 1884; also engaged in the newspaper publishing business in 1899; city solicitor of Meadville 1889-1896; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-seventh and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1901-March 3, 1913); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1912; delegate to the International Peace Conference at Brussels in 1905 and at Rome in 1911; resumed the practice of law and the publishing business in Meadville; also engaged in banking; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1924; died in Meadville, Pa., August 26, 1934; interment in Greendale Cemetery.

BATES, Edward (brother of James Woodson Bates), a Representative from Missouri; born in Belmont, Goochland County, Va., September 4, 1793; attended Charlotte Hall Academy, Maryland; acted as sergeant in a volunteer brigade during the War of 1812; moved to St. Louis, Mo., in 1814; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1817 and practiced; circuit prosecuting attorney in 1818; member of the State constitutional convention in 1820; State’s attorney in 1820; member of the State house of representatives in 1822; United States district attorney 1821-1826; elected to the Twentieth Congress (March 4, 1827-March 3, 1829); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1828 to the Twentyfirst Congress; resumed the practice of law; member of the State senate in 1830; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1834; declined the appointment as Secretary of War in 1850 in the Cabinet of President Fillmore; judge of the St. Louis land court 1853-1856; presided at the Whig National Convention in 1856; appointed by President Lincoln as Attorney General of the United States and served from March 5, 1861, to September 1864; died in St. Louis, Mo., March 25, 1869; interment in Bellefontaine Cemetery; removed from Bellefontaine Cemetery, place of reinterment not known. Bibliography: Bates, Edward. The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859-1866. Edited by Howard Kennedy Beale. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1933. Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.

BATES, George Joseph (father of William Henry Bates), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Salem, Essex County, Mass., February 25, 1891; attended the public schools; member of the State house of representatives 19181924; served as mayor of Salem, Mass., 1924-1937; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-fifth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1937, until his death in an airplane accident at the Washington (D.C.) National Airport on November 1, 1949; interment in St. Mary’s Cemetery, Salem, Mass.

BATES, Isaac Chapman, a Representative and a Senator from Massachusetts; born in Granville, Mass., January 23, 1779; tutored privately; graduated from Yale College in 1802; admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law in Northampton, Hampshire County, Mass., in 1808; member, State house of representatives 1808-1809; elected to the Twentieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1827-March 3, 1835); chairman, Committee on Military Pensions (Twenty-first Congress); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1834; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term ending March 3, 1841, caused by the resignation of John Davis and on the same day elected for the term commencing March 4, 1841, and served from January 13, 1841, until his death in Washington, D.C., March 16, 1845; chairman, Committee on Pensions (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses); interment in Bridge Street Cemetery, Northampton, Mass. Bibliography: ‘‘Memoir of Hon. I.C. Bates, Late United States Senator from Massachusetts.’’ American Whig Review 3 (February 1846): 186-192.

BATES, James, a Representative from Maine; born in Greene, Lincoln (now Kennebec) County, Maine, September 24, 1789; attended the common schools; studied medicine at Harvard Medical University, Cambridge, Mass.; surgeon during the War of 1812; physician; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second Congress (March 4, 1831-March 3, 1833); hospital executive; died on February 25, 1882, in Yarmouth, Maine; interment in the Old Oak Cemetery, Norridgewock, Somerset County, Maine.

BATES, James Woodson (brother of Edward Bates), a Delegate from the Territory of Arkansas; born in Goochland County, Va., August 25, 1788; attended Yale College and was graduated from Princeton College in 1807; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Virginia; moved to St. Louis, Mo., in 1816, and thence to the Post of Arkansas in 1819; elected as first Delegate from Arkansas to the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Congresses and served from December 21, 1819, to March 3, 1823; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1822 to the Eighteenth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Batesville, Ark.; judge of the fourth judicial circuit of Arkansas Territory 1824-1828; judge of the superior court of Arkansas 1828-1832; delegate to the Arkansas state constitutional convention in 1835; judge of the probate court of Crawford County in 1836; register of the land office in Clarksville 1841-1845; died in Van Buren, Crawford County, Ark., December 26, 1846; interment in the family burying ground at Moores Rock, Crawford (now Sebastian) County, Ark.

BATES, Jim, a Representative from California; born in Denver, Colo., July 21, 1941; graduated, East Denver High School, Denver, 1959; B.A., San Diego State University, 1975; corporal, U.S. Marine Corps, 1959-1963; banker and aerospace businessman, 1963-1970; city councilman, San Diego, 1971-1974; chairman, board of supervisors, San Diego, 1975-1982; elected as a Democrat to the Ninetyeighth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1983-January 3, 1991); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1990 to the One Hundred Second Congress and for nomination in 1992 to the One Hundred Third Congress; is a resident of San Diego, Calif.

BATES, Joseph Bengal, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Republican, Ky., October 29, 1893; attended the public schools and the Mountain Training School at Hindman, Ky.; was graduated from Eastern Kentucky State Teachers College at Richmond in 1916; studied law; taught in the rural schools of Knott County, Ky., 1912-1915; high school superintendent at Raceland, Ky., 1917-1919; county clerk of Greenup County, Ky., 1922-1938; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Fred M. Vinson; reelected to the Seventy-sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from June 4, 1938, to January 3, 1953; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1952, and was unsuccessful for the Democratic nomination in 1956 for the United States Senate; engaged in the practice of law and was a resident of Greenup, Ky.; died in Ashland, Ky., September 10, 1965; interment in Bellefonte Memorial Gardens, Flatwoods, Ky.

BATES, Martin Waltham, a Senator from Delaware; born in Salisbury, Conn., February 24, 1786; attended the common schools; moved to Delaware and taught school for several years; studied medicine and later studied law; admitted to the bar in 1822 and commenced practice in Dover, Kent County, Del.; member, State house of representatives 1826; delegate to the State constitutional convention 1852; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John M. Clayton and served from January 14, 1857, to March 3, 1859; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1858; resumed the practice of law until his death in Dover, Del., January 1, 1869; interment in the Old Methodist Cemetery.

BATES, William Henry (son of George Joseph Bates), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Salem, Essex County, Mass., April 26, 1917; attended the public schools; was graduated from Worcester Academy in 1936, from Brown University, Providence, R.I., in 1940, and from Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, Boston, Mass., in 1947; enlisted in the United States Navy in July 1940 and served until February 14, 1950, resigning his commission as lieutenant commander after being elected to Congress; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his father, George J. Bates; reelected to the Eighty-second and to the nine succeeding Congresses and served from February 14, 1950, until his death in Bethesda, Md., June 22, 1969; chairman, Select Committee to Conduct Investigation and Study of Benefits for Survivors of Deceased Members and Former Members of the Armed Forces (Eighty-third Congress); interment in St. Marys Cemetery, Salem, Mass.

BATHRICK, Elsworth Raymond, a Representative from Ohio; born near Pontiac, Oakland County, Mich., January 6, 1863; attended the country schools and was graduated from the Pontiac High School; moved to New York City in 1890 and engaged in the importation of edible oils; moved to Akron, Ohio, in 1900 and engaged in the real estate business; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-second and Sixty-third Congresses (March 4, 1911-March 3, 1915); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1914 to the Sixtyfourth Congress; resumed his former business pursuits; elected to the Sixty-fifth Congress and served from March 4, 1917, until his death in Akron, Summit County, Ohio, December 23, 1917; interment in Glendale Cemetery.

BATTIN, James Franklin, a Representative from Montana; born in Wichita, Sedgwick County, Kans., February 13, 1925; moved with his parents to Montana in November 1929; educated in the public schools of Billings, Mont.; graduated from high school in 1942; enlisted in the United States Navy and served for three years, two and a half years of which were in the Pacific theater; returned to his studies and graduated from Eastern Montana College in Billings, Mont., in 1948; received the degree of Juris Doctor from George Washington University School of Law, Washington, D.C., in 1951; was admitted to the bar and practiced law in Washington, D.C., for about a year; returned to Billings, Mont., in 1952 and continued in law; served as deputy county attorney, secretary-counsel for the City-County Planning Board, assistant city attorney, and city attorney; member of the State house of representatives in 1958 and 1959; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh and to the four succeeding Congresses, and served from January 3, 1961, until his resignation February 27, 1969, to become United States district judge for the District of Montana; became chief judge, District of Montana on November 16, 1978; died September 27, 1996.

BATTLE, Laurie Calvin, a Representative from Alabama; born in Wilsonville, Shelby County, Ala., May 10, 1912; graduated from Deshler High School, Tuscumbia, Ala., 1930; B.A., Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, Ala., 1934; attended Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., and Scarritt College, Nashville, Tenn., 1934 and 1935; M.A., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 1939; attended University of Alabama, 1946; United States Army, 1942-1946; United States Army Reserves, 1946-1972; farm laborer; professor, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 1940; insurance agent; professional advocate; elected as a Democrat to the Eightieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1947-January 3, 1955); was not a candidate for renomination in 1954, but was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate; staff director and counsel of United States House of Representatives Committee on Rules, 1966-1976; special adviser, United States League of Savings Associations, Washington, D.C., 1976-1988; died on May 2, 2000, in Bethesda, Md.; interment in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.

BAUCUS, Max Sieben, a Representative and a Senator from Montana; born in Helena, Lewis and Clark County, Mont., December 11, 1941; attended the public schools of Missoula and Helena, Mont.; attended Carleton College, Northfield, Minn. 1959-1960; graduated, Stanford (Calif.) University 1964 and Stanford University Law School 1967; admitted to the Montana Bar in 1969 and commenced practice in Washington, D.C. with various federal agencies; returned to Montana and practiced law in Missoula; served in the Montana house of representatives 1973-1974; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fourth Congress in 1974; reelected to the Ninety-fifth Congress and served from January 3, 1975, until his resignation December 14, 1978; was not a candidate in 1978 for reelection to the House of Representatives, but was elected as a Democrat on November 7, 1978 to the United States Senate for the term commencing January 3, 1979; subsequently appointed by the Governor on December 15, 1978 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Paul Hatfield for the term ending January 3, 1979; reelected in 1984, 1990, 1996, and again in 2002 for the term ending January 3, 2009; chair, Committee on Environment and Public Works (1993-1995), Committee on Finance (January 3-20, 2001; June 6, 2001-January 3, 2003); vice chair, Joint Committee on Taxation (20012003).

BAUMAN, Robert Edmund, a Representative from Maryland; born in Bryn Mawr, Montgomery County, Pa., April 4, 1937; attended Easton High School, Easton, Md., until 1953; graduated, Capitol Page School, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1955; B.S., international affairs, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 1959; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C., 1964; admitted to the Maryland Bar in 1964; admitted to the District of Columbia bar; lawyer, private practice; delegate, Republican National Conventions, 1964, 1974, 1978 and 1980; member, Federal Hospital Council of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1970-1973; member of the Maryland state senate, 1971-1973; elected as a Republican by special election, to the Ninety-third Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative William O. Mills; reelected to the three succeeding Congresses (August 21, 1973-January 3, 1981); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninety-seventh Congress in 1980; was a candidate for nomination to the Ninety-eighth Congress in 1982, but withdrew his candidacy before the election; is a resident of Washington, D.C. Bibliography: Bauman, Robert E. The Gentleman From Maryland; The Conscience of a Gay Conservative. New York: Arbor House, 1986.

BAUMHART, Albert David, Jr., a Representative from Ohio; born in Vermilion, Erie County, Ohio, June 15, 1908; attended the public schools; Ohio University, Athens, A.B. and M.A., 1931; publishing house representative at Vermilion, Ohio, 1932-1939; member of the Ohio state senate, 1937-1940; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-seventh Congress (January 3, 1941-September 2, 1942); resigned to accept a commission in the United States Navy on September 2, 1942; discharged as a lieutenant commander, January 17, 1946; member of the public relations staff of Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., Toledo, Ohio, 19461953; director, Republican National Committee in 1953 and 1954; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-fourth, Eightyfifth, and Eighty-sixth Congresses (January 3, 1955-January 3, 1961); was not a candidate for renomination in 1960; delegate to 1968 Republican National Convention; engaged as public relations consultant; died on January 23, 2001, in Lorain, Ohio; interment at Maple Grove Cemetery, Vermilion, Ohio.

BAXTER, Portus, a Representative from Vermont; born in Brownington, Orleans County, Vt., December 4, 1806; attended the common schools, Norwich Military Academy, and the University of Vermont at Burlington; moved to Derby Line, Orleans County, Vt., in 1828; presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1852 and on the Republican ticket in 1856; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, and Thirty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1861March 3, 1867); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy (Thirty-eighth Congress); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1866; died in Washington, D.C., March 4, 1868; interment in Strafford Cemetery, Strafford, Orange County, Vt.

BAY, William Van Ness, a Representative from Missouri; born in Hudson, N.Y., November 23, 1818; attended the public schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar; moved to Union, Franklin County, Mo., in 1836 and commenced the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives 1844-1848; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); resumed the practice of law; appointed judge of the State supreme court in 1862; elected to this position in 1863 and served until removed by Governor Fletcher in 1865; moved to St. Louis, Mo., and again resumed the practice of law; retired in 1886 and moved to Eureka, Mo., where he died February 10, 1894; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Kirkwood, St. Louis County, Mo.

BAYARD, James Asheton, Jr. (son of James Asheton Bayard, Sr., brother of Richard Henry Bayard, grandson of Richard Bassett, father of Thomas Francis Bayard, Sr., and grandfather of Thomas Francis Bayard, Jr.), a Senator from Delaware; born in Wilmington, Del., November 15, 1799; pursued classical studies; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Wilmington; United States district attorney for Delaware 1838-1843; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1851; reelected in 1857 and 1863 and served from March 4, 1851, to January 29, 1864, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-second Congress), Committee on Public Buildings (Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses), Committee on Judiciary (Thirty-fifth and Thirtysixth Congresses), Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Thirty-fifth Congress); resumed the practice of law in Wilmington; appointed in 1867 to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of George Read Riddle; was subsequently elected as a Democrat to that position and served from April 5, 1867, to March 3, 1869; was not a candidate for reelection; again resumed the practice of law; died in Wilmington, Del., June 13, 1880; interment in the Old Swedes Burial Ground. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Bayard, James A. A Brief Exposition of the Constitution of the United States: With an Appendix Containing the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation, and a Copious Index. 1833. Reprint. Littleton, CO: F. B. Rothman & Co., 1992.

BAYARD, James Asheton, Sr. (father of Richard Henry Bayard and James Asheton Bayard, Jr., nephew of John Bubenheim Bayard, grandfather of Thomas Francis Bayard, Sr., and great-grandfather of Thomas Francis Bayard, Jr.), a Representative and a Senator from Delaware; born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 28, 1767; graduated from Princeton College in 1784; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1787 and commenced practice in Wilmington, Del.; declined the appointment as Minister to France tendered by President John Adams in 1801; elected as a Federalist to the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Congresses (March 4, 1797-March 3, 1803); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1802; one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1798 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against William Blount, a Senator from Tennessee; elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate in 1804 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William Hill Wells; reelected in 1805 and 1811 and served from November 13, 1804, to March 3, 1813, when he resigned; appointed a member of the commission to negotiate peace with Great Britain in 1813; aided in negotiating the Treaty of Ghent, signed in December 1814; declined the appointment as Minister to Russia tendered by President James Madison in 1815; died in Wilmington, Del., August 6, 1815; interment at Bohemia Manor, Cecil County, Md.; reinterment about 1842 in Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery, Wilmington, Del. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Borden, Morton. The Federalism of James A. Bayard. 1955. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968; Donnan, Elizabeth. Papers of James Asheton Bayard, 1796-1815. 1915. Reprint. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.

BAYARD, John Bubenheim (uncle of James Asheton Bayard, Sr.), a Delegate from Pennsylvania; born at Bohemia Manor, Cecil County, Md., August 11, 1738; moved to Pennsylvania in 1756 and settled in Philadelphia, where he became one of the leading merchants; member of the general assembly 1776-1779 and in 1784, serving several terms as speaker; member of the council of safety in 1776 and 1777; during the Revolutionary War was colonel of the Second Regiment of Philadelphia Volunteers and served in the Battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Princeton; Member of the Continental Congress 1785-1786; moved to New Brunswick, N.J., in 1788; city mayor in 1790 and, later, judge of the court of common pleas; died in New Brunswick, N.J., January 7, 1807; interment in the First Presbyterian Churchyard. Bibliography: Wilson, James Grant. Colonel John Bayard (1738-1804) and the Bayard Family of America. New York: Trow’s Printing and Bookbinding Co., 1885.

BAYARD, Richard Henry (son of James Asheton Bayard, Sr., brother of James Asheton Bayard, Jr., and grandson of Richard Bassett), a Senator from Delaware; born in Wilmington, Del., September 26, 1796; graduated from Princeton College in 1814; studied law; admitted to the bar in New Castle, Del., in 1818 and commenced practice in Wilmington; first mayor of Wilmington in 1832; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Arnold Naudain and served from June 17, 1836, to September 19, 1839, when he resigned to become chief justice of Delaware; chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Twenty-seventh Congress), Committee on District of Columbia (Twenty-seventh Congress), Committee on Naval Affairs (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses); served as chief justice of Delaware 1839-1841, when he resigned; elected again to the United States Senate, as a Whig, to fill the vacancy which had existed since his own resignation in 1839 and served from January 12, 1841, to March 3, 1845; was not a candidate for reelection in 1845; charge d’affaires to Belgium 1850-1853; died in Philadelphia, Pa., March 4, 1868; interment in the Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery, Wilmington, Del. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography.

BAYARD, Thomas Francis, Jr. (son of Thomas Francis Bayard, Sr., and grandson of James Asheton Bayard, Jr.), a Senator from Delaware; born in Wilmington, Del., June 4, 1868; attended the common schools of Wilmington and St. Paul’s School, Concord, N.H.; graduated from Yale University in 1890; a student at the Yale Law School in 1890 and 1891; admitted to the Delaware bar in 1893 and commenced practice in Wilmington; moved to New York City, and was appointed an assistant corporation counsel in 1897; practiced law in New York until September 1901, when he returned to Wilmington, Del., to practice law; served as chairman of the Democratic State committee 1906-1916; solicitor of the city of Wilmington 1917-1919; elected on November 7, 1922, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Josiah O. Wolcott; on the same day was also elected for the full term commencing March 4, 1923, and served from November 8, 1922, to March 3, 1929; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1928; resumed the practice of law in Wilmington, Del.; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1930; died in Wilmington, Del., July 12, 1942; interment in Old Swedes Cemetery.

BAYARD, Thomas Francis, Sr. (son of James Asheton Bayard, Jr., and father of Thomas Francis Bayard, Jr.), a Senator from Delaware; born in Wilmington, Del., October 29, 1828; attended Doctor Hawkes’ school in Flushing, N.Y.; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1851 and commenced practice in Wilmington, Del.; appointed United States district attorney for Delaware in 1853, but resigned in 1854; moved to Philadelphia and practiced law; returned to Wilmington in 1858; at the expiration of his father’s Senate term in 1869 was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate; reelected in 1875 and 1881 and served from March 4, 1869, to March 6, 1885, when he resigned to become Secretary of State; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Forty-seventh Congress; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Forty-third through Forty-fifth Congresses), Committee on Finance (Forty-sixth Congress), Committee on Private Land Claims (Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses); appointed a member of the Electoral Commission created by the act of Congress approved on January 29, 1877, to decide the contests in various States in the presidential election of 1876; Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Grover Cleveland 1885-1889; Ambassador to Great Britain 1893-1897; died in Dedham, Mass., on September 28, 1898; interment in Old Swedes Cemetery, Wilmington, Del. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Tansill, Charles. The Congressional Career of Thomas F. Bayard. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1946.

BAYH, Birch Evans (father of Evan Bayh), a Senator from Indiana; born in Terre Haute, Vigo County, Ind., January 22, 1928; attended the public schools; served in the United States Army 1946-1948; graduated Purdue University School of Agriculture at Lafayette in 1951; attended Indiana State University, Terre Haute, 1952-1953; graduated Indiana University School of Law, Bloomington, 1960; was admitted to the Indiana bar in 1961 and commenced practice in Terre Haute; farmer and lawyer; member, State house of representatives 1954-1962, serving as minority leader in 1957 and 1961 and as speaker in 1959; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1962; reelected in 1968 and 1974 and served from January 3, 1963, to January 3, 1981; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1980; chairman, Select Committee on Intelligence (Ninetyfifth and Ninety-sixth Congresses); lawyer practicing in Washington, D.C. Bibliography: Bayh, Birch. One Heartbeat Away: Presidential Disability and Succession. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1968; Bayh, Birch. ‘‘The Twenty-fifth Amendment: Dealing with Presidential Disability.’’ Wake Forest Law Review 30:3 (Fall 1995).

BAYH, Evan (son of Birch Evan Bayh), a Senator from Indiana; born on December 26, 1955; J.D. Hoosier College; Governor of Indiana 1989-1997; attorney and partner with Baker & Daniels 1997-1998; elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 1998 and reelected in 2004 for term ending January 3, 2011.

BAYLIES, Francis (brother of William Baylies), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Taunton, Mass., October 16, 1783; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1810 and commenced practice in Taunton, Mass.; register of probate for Bristol County 1812-1820; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1818 to the Sixteenth Congress; elected to the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Congresses (March 4, 1821-March 3, 1827); unsuccessful candidate in 1827 for reelection to the Twentieth Congress; member of the State house of representatives 1827-1832; United States ´ Charge d’Affaires to Argentina, 1832; again elected to the State house of representatives in 1835; engaged in literary pursuits; died in Taunton, Bristol County, Mass., October 28, 1852; interment in the Old Plain Cemetery.

BAYLIES, William (brother of Francis Baylies), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Dighton, Mass., September 15, 1776; was graduated from Brown University, Providence, R.I., in 1795; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Bridgewater (west parish) in 1799; member of the State house of representatives in 1808, 1809, 1812, and 1813; served in the State senate in 1825 and 1826; presented credentials as a Federalist to the Eleventh Congress and served from March 4, 1809, until June 28, 1809, when he was succeeded by Charles Turner, Jr., who contested the election; elected to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Congresses (March 4, 1813-March 3, 1817); again a member of the State house of representatives in 1820 and 1821; again served in the State senate in 1830 and 1831; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twentythird Congress (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1835); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1834 to the Twenty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Taunton, Bristol County, Mass., on September 27, 1865; interment in the Old Cemetery, Dighton, Mass.

BAYLOR, Robert Emmett Bledsoe (nephew of Jesse Bledsoe), a Representative from Alabama; born in Lincoln County, Ky., May 10, 1793; served in the War of 1812; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; member of the Kentucky house of representatives in 1819, but resigned and moved to Alabama in 1820, continuing the practice of law; studied theology, was licensed to preach, and was ordained to the Baptist ministry; member of the Alabama house of representatives in 1824; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first Congress (March 4, 1829-March 3, 1831); unsuccessful candidate for election in 1830 to the Twenty-second Congress; commanded an Alabama regiment during the Creek War; moved to Texas in 1839; elected judge of the district and supreme courts of the Republic; member of the convention that framed the State constitution of Texas in 1845; district judge for twenty-five years; one of the founders of Baylor University at Independence, Tex. (now located at Waco, Tex.), and Baylor Female College at Belton, Tex.; professor of law in Baylor University; died at Gay Hill, Washington County, Tex., on January 6, 1874; interment in the Baylor University grounds; later the remains were removed to the campus of Baylor Female College at Belton, Tex.

BAYLY, Thomas, a Representative from Maryland; born at ‘‘Wellington,’’ near Quantico, Somerset (now Wicomico) County, Md., September 13, 1775; attended private schools and was graduated from Princeton College in 1797; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced in Somerset and Worcester Counties, Md.; member of the State house of delegates 1804-1814; elected as a Federalist to the Fifteenth Congress and reelected to the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Congresses (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1823); resumed the practice of law; died at his home, ‘‘Wellington,’’ near Quantico, Md., in 1829; interment in the family cemetery on the grounds of his estate.

BAYLY, Thomas Henry (son of Thomas Monteagle Bayly), a Representative from Virginia; born at ‘‘Mount Custis,’’ the family estate, near Drummondtown, Accomac County, Va., December 11, 1810; attended the common schools and was graduated from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1829; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice in Accomac County; also engaged in agricultural pursuits; served in the Virginia house of delegates, 1836-1842; appointed brigadier general of the Twenty-first Brigade, Virginia Militia, in 1837 and served until 1842; elected judge of the superior court of law and chancery in 1842 and served until 1844; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry A. Wise; reelected to the Twenty-ninth and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from May 6, 1844, until his death on his estate, ‘‘Mount Custis,’’ near Drummondtown, Accomac County, Va., June 23, 1856; chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (Thirty-first Congress), Committee on Foreign Affairs (Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congress); interment in the family burying ground on his estate.

BAYLY, Thomas Monteagle (father of Thomas Henry Bayly), a Representative from Virginia; born at Hills Farm, near Drummondtown, Accomac County, Va., on March 26, 1775; attended Washington Academy, Maryland, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1794; studied law; was admitted to the bar about 1796 and commenced practice in Accomac County; also engaged in planting; member of the State house of delegates 1798-1801; member of the State senate 1801-1809; served during the War of 1812 as colonel of militia; elected as a Federalist to the Thirteenth Congress (March 4, 1813-March 3, 1815); was not a candidate for renomination in 1814; resumed agricultural pursuits and the practice of law; again a member of the State house of delegates 1819, 1820, and 1828-1831; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1829 and 1830; died on his plantation, ‘‘Mount Custis,’’ near Accomac, Accomac County, Va., January 7, 1834; interment in the family cemetery on his estate, ‘‘Mount Custis.’’

BAYNE, Thomas McKee, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Bellevue, Allegheny County, Pa., June 14, 1836; attended the public schools and Westminster College, New Wilmington, Pa.; studied law; during the Civil War entered the Union Army in July 1862 as colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; took part in the Battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville; resumed the study of law in 1865; was admitted to the bar of Allegheny County in April 1866; elected district attorney for Allegheny County in October 1870 and held the office until January 1, 1874; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1891); was renominated as a candidate for reelection to the Fifty-second Congress, but declined to accept the nomination, retiring from public life and active business pursuits; died in Washington, D.C., on June 16, 1894; interment in Uniondale Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pa.

BEACH, Clifton Bailey, a Representative from Ohio; born in Sharon, Medina County, Ohio, September 16, 1845; moved to Cleveland with his parents in 1857; attended the common schools and was graduated from Western Reserve College, Hudson, Ohio, in 1871; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1872 and commenced practice in Cleveland; served as deputy collector of customs at Cleveland; retired from the practice of law in 1884 and engaged in the manufacture of wire nails, staples, and rods; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1899); was not a candidate for renomination in 1898; resumed his former manufacturing pursuits in Cleveland; died at Rocky River, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, November 15, 1902; interment in Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio.

BEACH, Lewis, a Representative from New York; born in New York City March 30, 1835; was graduated from the Yale Law School in 1856; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in New York; took up residence in Orange County, N.Y., in 1861; member and treasurer of the Democratic State central committee 18771879; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh, Fortyeighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1881, until his death at his home, ‘‘Knoll View,’’ Cornwall, Orange County, N.Y., August 10, 1886; chairman, Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings (Forty-ninth Congress); interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.

BEAKES, Samuel Willard, a Representative from Michigan; born in Burlingham, Sullivan County, N.Y., January 11, 1861; attended Wallkill Academy, Middletown, N.Y.; was graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, 1883; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Westerville, Ohio; editor and proprietor of the Westerville Review in 1884, of the Adrian (Mich.) Daily Record, 1884-1886, and of the Ann Arbor (Mich.) Argus, 1886-1905; mayor of Ann Arbor, 1888-1890; postmaster of Ann Arbor, 1894-1898; city treasurer, 1891-1893 and 1903-1905; city assessor, 1906-1913; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis in 1916; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-third and Sixtyfourth Congresses (March 4, 1913-March 3, 1917); successfully contested the election of Mark R. Bacon to the Sixtyfifth Congress (December 13, 1917-March 3, 1919); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Sixty-sixth Congress in 1918; after his service in Congress located in Washington, D.C.; assistant chief of the industrial cooperation service of the United States Department of Commerce, April 1919July 1919; staff member of the United States Veterans’ Bureau, 1919-1927; died on February 9, 1927, in Washington, D.C.; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery, Ann Arbor, Mich.

BEALE, Charles Lewis, a Representative from New York; born in Canaan, Columbia County, N.Y., March 5, 1824; was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1844; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849 and commenced practice in Canaan, N.Y.; moved to Kinderhook, N.Y., in 1852 and continued the practice of law; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1861); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1860 to the Thirty-seventh Congress; delegate to the Union National Convention at Philadelphia in 1866; resumed the practice of law; died in Hudson, N.Y., on January 29, 1900; interment in Kinderhook Cemetery, Kinderhook, N.Y.

BEALE, James Madison Hite, a Representative from Virginia; born in Mount Airy, Shenandoah County, Va., February 7, 1786; pursued preparatory studies; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member, State house of delegates, 18181819; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1837); chairman, Committee on Invalid Pensions (Twenty-fourth Congress); resumed agricultural pursuits; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1853); chairman, Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings (Thirty-first Congress), Committee on Manufactures (Thirty-second Congress); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1852; resumed agricultural pursuits; died in Putnam County, W.Va., August 2, 1866; interment in Beale Cemetery, near Gallipolis Ferry, Mason County, W.Va.

BEALE, Joseph Grant, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Allegheny County, near Freeport, Armstrong County, Pa., March 26, 1839; attended the common schools; was graduated from Caton Academy, Turtle Creek, Pa., and from Iron City Commercial College, Pittsburgh, Pa.; during the Civil War enlisted in the Friend Rifles for three months, and later served as captain of Company C, Ninth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserves, for three years; was taken prisoner and confined in Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., until released on parole; studied law; served as major in the Pennsylvania State Militia; discontinuing the study of law, he engaged in the coal business in the suburbs of Pittsburgh; moved to Leechburg, Armstrong County, in the spring of 1868 and actively engaged in the iron and steel business; president of the Leechburg Banking Co.; elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth Congress (March 4, 1907-March 3, 1909); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1908 to the Sixtyfirst Congress; resumed his former business pursuits; died in Leechburg, Pa., May 21, 1915; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

BEALE, Richard Lee Turberville, a Representative from Virginia; born in Hickory Hill, Westmoreland County, Va., May 22, 1819; attended private schools in Westmoreland County, Northumberland Academy and Rappahannock Academy, Virginia, and Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.; studied law; was graduated from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1837; was admitted to the bar in 1839 and commenced practice at Hague, Westmoreland County, Va.; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1848; member of the Virginia constitutional convention in 1850-1851; member of the State senate 18581860; during the Civil War rose through a series of promotions from lieutenant to brigadier general in the Confederate Army; elected to the Forty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Beverly B. Douglas; reelected to the Forty-sixth Congress and served from January 23, 1879, to March 3, 1881; resumed the practice of law; died near Hague, Westmoreland County April 21, 1893; interment in Hickory Hill Cemetery.

BEALES, Cyrus William, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born on a farm near York Spring, Adams County, Pa., December 16, 1877; attended the common schools; at the age of thirteen, upon the death of his father, took over the operation of his father’s farm; was graduated from the pharmaceutical department of the Ohio Northern University at Ada in 1899; settled at York Springs and was employed as a pharmacist; moved to Gettysburg, Pa., in 1903 upon his appointment as mercantile appraiser of Adams County; clerk to the county commissioners in 1904 and 1905; engaged in the drug, banking, manufacturing, and printing businesses; postmaster of Gettysburg from April 1, 1910, to May 8, 1914; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1915-March 3, 1917); was not a candidate for renomination in 1916; member of the State senate 1917-1921; engaged in the drug business in Gettysburg, and died there November 14, 1927; interment in the family plot in Evergreen Cemetery.

BEALL, James Andrew (Jack), a Representative from Texas; born on a farm near Midlothian, Ellis County, Tex., October 25, 1866; attended the country schools; taught school in 1884 and 1885; was graduated from the law department of the University of Texas at Austin in 1890; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Waxahachie, Ellis County, Tex.; member of the State house of representatives 1892-1895; served in the State senate 1895-1899; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1915); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Justice (Sixty-second Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1914; moved to Dallas, Tex., in 1914 and resumed the practice of law; also engaged in banking; served as president of the Texas Electric Railway Co., from 1921 until his death in Dallas, Tex., on February 12, 1929; interment in Oakland Cemetery.

BEALL, James Glenn (father of John Glenn Beall, Jr.), a Representative and a Senator from Maryland; born in Frostburg, Allegany County, Md., June 5, 1894; attended the public schools and Gettysburg College; during the First World War served in the Ordnance Corps, United States Army 1918-1919, being discharged as a sergeant; engaged in the insurance and real-estate business; member of the Allegany County Road Commission 1923-1930; member, State senate 1930-1934; member and chairman of the Maryland State Road Commission 1938-1939; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1943-January 3, 1953); was not a candidate for reelection in 1952; elected to the United States Senate as a Republican in 1952, reelected in 1958 and served from January 3, 1953, to January 3, 1965; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1964; returned to Frostburg, Md., and resumed his insurance business; died in Frostburg, Md., January 14, 1971; interment in Frostburg Memorial Park. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography.

BEALL, John Glenn, Jr. (son of James Glenn Beall), a Representative and a Senator from Maryland; born in Cumberland, Allegany County, Md., June 19, 1927; graduated Yale University 1950; served in the United States Navy 1945-1946; member, general insurance firm of Beall, Garner & Geare, Inc.; elected to Maryland house of delegates in 1962 and reelected in 1966; minority floor leader 1963-1968; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-first Congress (January 3, 1969-January 3, 1971); was not a candidate for reelection; was elected in 1970 as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from January 3, 1971, to January 3, 1977; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1976; unsuccessful candidate in 1978 for election as Governor of Maryland; resumed the insurance business in Cumberland, Md.; is a resident of Frostburg, Md.

BEALL, Reasin, a Representative from Ohio; born in Montgomery County, Md., December 3, 1769; received a limited schooling; served as an officer under General Harmer in 1790; appointed ensign in the United States Army March 7, 1792, and battalion quartermaster in 1793, and served under General Wayne in the campaign against the Indians; moved to New Lisbon, Ohio, in 1803; was commissioned brigadier general of Volunteers in 1812; moved to Wooster, Ohio, in 1815; elected as a Republican to the Thirteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John S. Edwards and served from April 20, 1813, until his resignation on June 7, 1814; served as register of the land offices at Canton and Wooster, Ohio, from 1814 to 1824; presided over the Whig mass convention held at Columbus, Ohio, February 22, 1840; presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1840; died in Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio, February 20, 1843; interment in Wooster Cemetery.

BEAM, Harry Peter, a Representative from Illinois; born in Peoria Ill., November 23, 1892; moved with his parents to Chicago, Ill., in 1899; attended St. Mary’s School, Marshalltown, Iowa, and Holy Family School, Chicago, Ill., was graduated from St. Ignatius College, Chicago, Ill., in 1912 and from the law department of Loyola University, Chicago, Ill., in 1916; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Chicago, Ill.; during the First World War served as a seaman, first class, in the United States Navy from May 1918 to December 1918; assistant corporation counsel of Chicago 1923-1927; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-second and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1931, until his resignation on December 6, 1942; chairman, Committee on Memorials (Seventy-seventh Congress); elected as a judge of the municipal court of Chicago in 1942, reelected in 1948, 1954, and 1960; engaged in legal practice and retired in 1964; was a resident of Chicago, Ill., until his death there on December 31, 1967; interment in Holy Sepulcher Cemetery.

BEAMAN, Fernando Cortez, a Representative from Michigan; born in Chester, Vt., June 28, 1814; moved with his parents to a farm in Franklin County, N.Y., in 1819; attended the district schools and Malone Academy, Malone, N.Y.; taught school; moved to Rochester, N.Y., in 1836; studied law; moved to Manchester, Mich., in 1838; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in 1839; moved to Tecumseh in 1841 and practiced law there and in Clinton; moved to Adrian in 1843, having been appointed prosecuting attorney for Lenawee County, and served until 1850; city attorney of Adrian; member of the convention that organized the Republican Party ‘‘under the oaks’’ at Jackson, Mich., in 1854; delegate to the first Republican National Convention, at Philadelphia in 1856; mayor of Adrian in 1856; judge of the probate court of Lenawee County 1856-1860; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-seventh and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1871); chairman, Committee on Roads and Canals (Thirty-ninth Congress); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1870; returned to Adrian and resumed the practice of law; appointed judge of probate of Lenawee County in 1871, elected to the same position in 1872, and reelected in 1876; appointed United States Senator to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Zachariah Chandler in 1879, but declined the appointment owing to ill health; declined appointments to the State supreme court and as United States Commissioner of Indian Affairs; died in Adrian, Lenawee County, Mich., September 27, 1882; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

BEAMER, John Valentine, a Representative from Indiana; born on a farm in Wabash County, Ind., November 17, 1896; attended the public schools of Roann, Ind.; was graduated from Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind., in 1918; during the First World War served in the Field Artillery; employed with Service Motor Truck Co., Wabash, Ind., 1919-1921; representative for the Century Co., school textbook publisher, New York and Chicago, 1921-1928; vice president and general manager, Wabash (Ind.) Baking Powder & Chemical Co., 1928-1941; vice president and sales manager, Union Rock Wool Corp., Wabash, Ind., 1935-1942; owner and operator of a farm near Wabash, Ind.; served in the State house of representatives in 1949 and 1950; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1951-January 3, 1959); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1958 to the Eighty-sixth Congress; member of the National Selective Service Appeal Board from March 1960 until his resignation September 1, 1961; died in Anderson, Ind., September 8, 1964; interment in Falls Cemetery, Wabash, Ind.

BEAN, Benning Moulton, a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Moultonboro, Carroll County, N.H., on January 9, 1782; attended the public schools of Moultonboro and received private tutoring; engaged in teaching and in agricultural pursuits; selectman of Moultonboro 1811-1829 and 1832-1838; justice of the peace in 1816; trustee of Sandwich Academy in 1824; member of the State house of representatives 1815-1823; served in the State senate 18241826; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1827; member of the Governor’s council in 1829; again served in the State senate in 1831 and 1832, being president the latter year; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1837); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1836; resumed teaching and agricultural pursuits in Moultonboro, Carroll County, N.H., where he died February 6, 1866; interment in Bean Cemetery.

BEAN, Curtis Coe, a Delegate from the Territory of Arizona; born in Tamworth, Carroll County, N.H., January 4, 1828; upon the death of his father moved with his mother to Gilmanton, Belknap County, N.H., in 1837; attended Gilmanton Academy, Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H., and Union College, Schenectady, N.Y.; moved to New York City in the early fifties and was employed in the United States customhouse; also engaged in the brokerage business; studied law; was admitted to the bar but did not practice extensively; moved to Tennessee in 1864 and settled in Columbia and later in Nashville; member of the State house of representatives in 1867 and 1868; moved to Arizona Territory and settled in Prescott in June 1868; engaged in mining; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1876 to the Fortyfifth Congress; member of the Territorial senate in 1879; elected as a Republican to the Forty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1887); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1886 to the Fiftieth Congress; returned to Arizona and resumed mining operations; moved to New York City in 1889 but maintained his citizenship and business interests in Arizona; died in New York City on February 1, 1904; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.

BEARD, Edward Peter, a Representative from Rhode Island; born in Providence, R.I., January 20, 1940; attended Assumption Elementary School and Hope High School, Providence, R.I; Rhode Island National Guard, 1960-1966, where he completed high school as well as a college-level course in agriculture; worked as painter; member of the Rhode Island state house of representatives, 1972-1974; delegate, Democratic National Convention, 1976; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fourth and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1975-January 3, 1981); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninety-seventh Congress in 1980; owned and operated a tavern; director of elderly affairs, City of Providence, R.I., 1986-2002; unsuccessful candidate for Democratic nomination to the One Hundred Second Congress in 1990; is a resident of Providence, R.I.

BEARD, Robin Leo, Jr., a Representative from Tennessee; born in Knoxville, Knox County, Tenn., August 21, 1939; attended Montgomery Bell Academy, Nashville, Tenn.; B.A., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., 1961; United States Marine Corps, first lieutenant, 1962-1965; United Stares Marine Corps Reserves; State commissioner of personnel, 1970-1972; delegate to Tennessee State Republican convention, 1972; delegate to Republican National Convention, 1972; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-third Congress and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1973-January 3, 1983); was not a candidate for reelection to the United States House of Representatives in 1982, but was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate; assistant secretary general for defense support, NATO, Brussels, 1984-1987 and 1992-1995; president of an import-export company in Washington, D.C.; senior fellow, Croton Institute; is a resident of Alexandria, Va.

BEARDSLEY, Samuel, a Representative from New York; born in Hoosick, Rensselaer County, N.Y., February 6, 1790; pursued academic studies; taught school; studied law in Rome, N.Y.; served as a lieutenant in the War of 1812 and took part in the defense of Sackets Harbor in 1813; was admitted to the bar in 1815 and commenced practice in Watertown; judge advocate in the State militia; returned to Rome in 1816 and continued the practice of law; prosecuting attorney in 1821; member of the State senate in 1823; moved to Utica, Oneida County, in 1823; United States attorney for the northern district of New York 18231830; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second, Twentythird, and Twenty-fourth Congresses and served from March 4, 1831, to March 29, 1836, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on the Judiciary (Twenty-fourth Congress); appointed circuit judge in 1836; attorney general of the State of New York 1836-1838; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth Congress and served from March 4, 1843, to February 29, 1844, when he resigned to accept a judicial appointment; served as associate judge of the New York Supreme Court from 1844 to 1847, and was appointed chief justice in the latter year; declined another term of service and resumed the practice of law; died in Utica, N.Y., May 6, 1860; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery.

BEATTY, John, a Delegate and a Representative from New Jersey; born in Neshaminy, Bucks County, Pa., December 10, 1749; was graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1769; studied medicine in Philadelphia and practiced in Bucks County; entered the Revolutionary Army in 1775 and had attained the rank of major when he was made prisoner at the surrender of Fort Washington; after his exchange was appointed commissary general of prisoners with the rank of colonel May 28, 1778; resigned March 31, 1780, and resumed the practice of medicine in Princeton, N.J.; member of the State council 17811783; Member of the Continental Congress in 1784-1785; appointed by President Lee as one of the special committee to receive and take leave of General Lafayette in the name of the Continental Congress while it was in session at Trenton on December 11, 1784; member of the State convention that adopted the Federal Constitution in 1787; member of the State general assembly in 1789 and 1790, serving as speaker; elected to the Third Congress (March 4, 1793March 3, 1795); brigadier general of the Somerset Militia 1793-1796; secretary of state of New Jersey 1795-1805; served as trustee of the College of New Jersey from 1787 until 1802; president of the Trenton Banking Co., from 1815 to 1826; died in Trenton, N.J., May 30, 1826; interment in First Presbyterian Church Cemetery.

BEATTY, John, a Representative from Ohio; born near Sandusky, Erie County, Ohio, December 16, 1828; attended the common schools; entered the banking business in 1852, and subsequently, with his brother, conducted a bank in Cardington, Morrow County, Ohio; at the beginning of the Civil War volunteered as a private in the Third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry; was appointed lieutenant colonel in 1861; promoted to colonel in 1862 and took a prominent part in the campaigns in the Southwest; commanded a regiment at Perryville and a brigade at Stone River; commissioned brigadier general in 1863 and commanded a brigade at Tullahoma, Chickamauga, and Marion Ridge; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Cornelius S. Hamilton; reelected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses and served from February 5, 1868, to March 3, 1873; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Forty-first Congress), Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, (Forty-first Congress); moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1873 and organized the Citizens Savings Bank, serving as its president until 1903, when he retired from active business pursuits; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination as Governor in 1882; member of the State board of charities in 1886 and 1887; died in Columbus, Ohio, December 21, 1914; interment in Oakland Cemetery, Sandusky, Ohio.

BEATTY, William, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Stewartstown, County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1787; immigrated to the United States in 1807 and settled in Butler, Butler County, Pa.; was a sergeant in Captain Thompson’s company in the War of 1812; sheriff of Butler County 18231826; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth and Twentysixth Congresses (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1841); member of the State house of representatives 1840-1842; appointed deputy sheriff of Butler County; died in Butler, Pa., April 12, 1851; interment in the Old Butler Cemetery.

BEATY, Martin, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Abingdon, Va., on October 8, 1784; iron furnace operator; salt manufacturer; rancher; farmer; member of the Kentucky state senate, 1824-1828 and 1832; presidential elector, Clay and Sergeant in 1832 and, Harrison and Granger in 1836; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Twenty-first Congress in 1828 and to the Twenty-second Congress in 1830; elected as an Anti-Jackson to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1835); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twenty-fourth Congress in 1834; member of the Kentucky state house of representatives, 1848; died on June 17, 1856, in Belmont, Tex.; interment in Belmont Cemetery, Belmont, Tex.

BEAUMONT, Andrew, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Lebanon, New London County, Conn., January 24, 1790; moved to Pennsylvania in 1808; studied law but never practiced; collector of revenue in 1814; prothonotary and clerk of the courts of Luzerne County, Pa., 18161819; member of the State house of representatives in 1821, 1822, and 1826; postmaster of Wilkes-Barre 1826-1832; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-third and Twentyfourth Congresses (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1837); was not a candidate for renomination; commissioner of public buildings in Washington, D.C., from November 5, 1846, to March 3, 1847; again a member of the State house of representatives, in 1849; died in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., September 30, 1853; interment in Hollenback Cemetery.

BEAUPREZ, Bob, a Representative from Colorado; born in Lafayette, Boulder County, Colo., September 22, 1948; B.S., University of Colorado, 1970; farmer; business owner; chair, Republican State Central Committee of Colorado, 1999-2002; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Eighth Congress (January 3, 2003-present).

BECERRA, Xavier, a Representative from California; born in Sacramento, Sacramento County, Calif., January 26, 1958; B.A., Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., 1980; J.D., Stanford University School of Law, Stanford., Calif., 1984; lawyer, private practice; staff for California state Senator Art Torres, 1986; deputy attorney general, Office of the Attorney General, State of California, 1987-1990; member of the California state assembly, 1990-1992; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Third and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1993-present).

BECK, Erasmus Williams, a Representative from Georgia; born in McDonough, Henry County, Ga., October 21, 1833; attended the local schools of his native county, a private school, and Mercer University, Macon, Ga., for two years; in 1855, on account of ill health, returned to McDonough and began the study of law; moved to Griffin, Ga., in 1856 and continued his law studies; was admitted to the bar in 1856 and commenced practice in Griffin, Ga.; served for a short period in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, but was invalided home on account of ill health; during the war was solicitor general of the Flint circuit; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-second Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas J. Speer and served from December 2, 1872, to March 3, 1873; was not a candidate for renomination in 1872; resumed the practice of his profession at Griffin, Ga.; judge of the city court of Griffin from 1890 until his death in that city on July 22, 1898; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

BECK, James Burnie, a Representative and a Senator from Kentucky; born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, February 13, 1822; immigrated to the United States in 1838 and settled in Wyoming County, N.Y.; moved to Lexington, Ky., in 1843 and was graduated from Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., in 1846; admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law in Lexington; elected as a Democrat to the Fortieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1875); appointed in May 1876 a member of the commission to define the boundary line between Maryland and Virginia; elected to the United States Senate in 1876; reelected in 1882, again in 1888, and served from March 4, 1877, until his death in Washington, D.C., on May 3, 1890; Democratic Conference Chairman 18851890; chairman, Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Forty-sixth Congress); interment in Lexington Cemetery, Lexington, Ky. Bibliography: U.S. Congress. Memorial Addresses for James Beck. 51st Cong., 2nd sess., 1890-1891. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1891.

BECK, James Montgomery, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 9, 1861; attended the public schools and was graduated from Moravian College, Bethlehem, Pa., in 1880; employed as clerk for a railway company in 1880 and studied law at night; was admitted to the bar in 1884 and commenced practice in Philadelphia; admitted to the bar of New York City in 1903, and to the bar of England in 1922; served as assistant United States attorney for the eastern district of Pennsylvania 1888-1892 and as United States attorney 1896-1900; appointed by President William McKinley as assistant to the Attorney General of the United States in 1900 and served until his resignation in 1903; continued the practice of law in Philadelphia, New York City, and Washington from 1903 to 1921; was elected a bencher of Gray’s Inn in 1914, being the first foreigner in 600 years to receive that distinction; also received decorations from France and Belgium; author of several books and articles on the First World War and on the Constitution of the United States; appointed by President Warren G. Harding as Solicitor General of the United States in 1921 and served until his resignation in 1925; resumed the practice of law; elected as a Republican to the Seventieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James M. Hazlett; reelected to the Seventy-first, Seventy-second, and Seventy-third Congresses and served from November 8, 1927, until his resignation on September 30, 1934; resumed the practice of law and was also engaged as an author; died in Washington, D.C., April 12, 1936; interment in Rock Creek Cemetery. Bibliography: Keller, Morton. In Defense of Yesterday; James M. Beck and the Politics of Conservatism, 1861-1936. New York: Coward-McCann, 1958.

BECK, Joseph David, a Representative from Wisconsin; born near Bloomingdale, Vernon County, Wis., March 14, 1866; attended the common schools; taught in the public schools of the State for twelve years; was graduated from the State Normal School, Stevens Point, Wis., in 1897 and from the University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1903; clerk of the State bureau of statistics of Wisconsin in 1901; deputy commissioner of statistics in 1902; chief of the department of labor statistics 1903-1913; president of the International Association of Labor Bureau Officials 1911-1913; chairman of the Industrial Commission of Wisconsin 1913-1917; engaged in agricultural pursuits and in stock raising near Viroqua, Vernon County, in 1917; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1921-March 3, 1929); was not a candidate for renomination, but was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor of Wisconsin in 1928; resumed agricultural pursuits; appointed a member of the State department of agriculture and markets in 1931 and served until his death in Madison, Wis., November 8, 1936; interment in Viroqua Cemetery, Viroqua, Wis.

BECKER, Frank John, a Representative from New York; born in Brooklyn, N.Y., August 27, 1899; moved with his parents to Lynbrook, Nassau County, L.I., in November 1905; attended the public schools of Lynbrook and Brown’s Business College, Jamaica, L.I.; during the First World War enlisted in the United States Army July 22, 1918, and served overseas in France and England; was discharged from the service on September 22, 1919; engaged in the insurance business in Lynbrook, N.Y.; member of the State assembly of New York 1945-1953; director and later chairman of board of Suburbia Federal Savings & Loan Association; delegate to each Republican National Convention from 1952 to 1964; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-third and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953January 3, 1965); was not a candidate for renomination in 1964; president of real-estate and insurance company; resided in Lynbrook, N.Y., where he died September 4, 1981; interment in Pine Lawn National Cemetery, Pinelawn, N.Y.

BECKHAM, John Crepps Wickliffe (grandson of Charles Anderson Wickliffe and cousin of Robert Charles Wickliffe), a Senator from Kentucky; born in Wickland, near Bardstown, Nelson County, Ky., August 5, 1869; attended the Roseland Academy at Bardstown and Central University, Richmond, Ky.; high school principal; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1889 and commenced practice in Bardstown in 1893; member, State house of representatives 1894-1898, serving as speaker in 1898; lieutenant governor of Kentucky in 1899, becoming Governor upon the death of the Governor, February 3, 1900; subsequently elected Governor for the unexpired term ending December 8, 1903, and reelected for the term 1903-1907; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1914 and served from March 4, 1915 to March 3, 1921; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920; chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Labor (Sixty-fourth and Sixty-fifth Congresses); resumed the practice of law in Louisville, Ky.; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Kentucky in 1927; unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate in 1936; died in Louisville, Ky., January 9, 1940; interment in Frankfort Cemetery, Frankfort, Ky. Bibliography: Finch, Glenn. ‘The Election of United States Senators in Kentucky: The Beckham Period.’ Filson Club History Quarterly 44 (January 1970): 38-50.

BECKNER, William Morgan, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Moorefield, Nichols County, Ky., June 19, 1841; attended the public schools, Rand and Richeson Seminary, Maysville, Ky., and Centre College, Danville, Ky.; worked on a farm and was subsequently a clerk in a country store at Bethel, Bath County, Ky.; became a private tutor and taught school for two years in Orangeburg and Maysville; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1864 and commenced practice in Winchester, Ky.; city judge in 1865; served as prosecuting attorney in 1866 and 1867; was elected judge of Clark County in 1870; established the Clark County Democrat in 1867, which he owned and edited for a number of years; appointed State prison commissioner in 1880; served as State railroad commissioner from 1882 until 1884, when he resigned; president of the interstate educational conventions held in Louisville in 1883 and 1885; member of the State constitutional convention in 1890; member of the State house of representatives in 1893; chairman of the Democratic State convention in 1893; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-third Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Marcus C. Lisle and served from December 3, 1894, to March 3, 1895; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1894; resumed the practice of law; died in Winchester, Ky., March 14, 1910; interment in Winchester Cemetery.

BECKWITH, Charles Dyer, a Representative from New Jersey; born near Coveville, Saratoga County, N.Y., October 22, 1838; attended private schools in Troy, N.Y., Philadelphia, Pa., Worcester, Mass., and a military institution in New Haven, Conn.; moved to Paterson, Passaic County, N.J., in 1860 and engaged in the manufacture of iron; member of the board of aldermen in 1882; mayor of Paterson, N.J., 1885-1889; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1891); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; resumed manufacturing pursuits; returned to the State of New York and settled on a farm in the town of Chatham, Columbia County, in 1897 and engaged in the management of his farm until his death near Chatham Center, Columbia County, N.Y., on March 27, 1921; interment in Chatham Center Rural Cemetery.

BECKWORTH, Lindley Garrison, Sr., a Representative from Texas; born on a farm in the South Bouie community near Mabank, Kaufman County, Tex., June 30, 1913; attended the rural schools, Abilene Christian College, East Texas State Teachers College, Commerce, Tex., Sam Houston State Teachers College, Huntsville, Tex., and Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Tex.; taught school in Upshur County, Tex, for three years; attended the law department of Baylor University, Waco, Tex., and the University of Texas at Austin; was admitted to the bar in 1937 and commenced practice in Gilmer, Tex.; member of the State house of representatives 1936-1938; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1939-January 3, 1953); was not a candidate for renomination in 1952, but was unsuccessful for the Democratic nomination for United States Senator; resumed the practice of law in Longview, Tex.; elected to the Eighty-fifth and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1957-January 3, 1967); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1966; judge, United States Custom Court, New York City, 19671968; resumed the practice of law; was a resident of Upshur County, Gladewater, Tex. until his death at Tyler, March 9, 1984; interment in Rose Hill Cemetery, Tyler, Tex. Bibliography: Kemper, Billie Bundick. ‘‘Lindley Beckworth: Grassroots Congressman.’’ Master’s thesis, Stephen F. Austin State University, 1980.

BEDE, James Adam, a Representative from Minnesota; born on a farm in North Eaton Township, Lorain County, Ohio, January 13, 1856; attended the public schools of Ohio, Oberlin (Ohio) College, and Tabor (Iowa) College; read law while learning the printing trade; taught school in Iowa, Ohio, and Arkansas; editor and publisher of several newspapers and periodicals; served as a representative for several western newspapers in Washington, D.C., 1888-1891; engaged in newspaper work at Pine City, Pine County, Minn.; served as United States marshal for the district of Minnesota in 1894 during the great railway strike; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth, and Sixtieth Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1909); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1908 to the Sixty-first Congress; returned to Pine City; engaged as a publisher and lecturer; moved to Duluth, Minn., in 1927 and engaged in his former pursuits; also was interested in the St. Lawrence inland waterway project; died in Duluth, Minn., April 11, 1942; interment in Birchwood Cemetery, Pine City, Minn.

BEDELL, Berkley Warren, a Representative from Iowa; born in Spirit Lake, Dickinson County, Iowa, March 5, 1921; educated in Spirit Lake public schools; graduated, Spirit Lake High School, 1939; attended Iowa State University, Ames, 1940-1942; engaged in fishing tackle business; founder and chairman of Berkley & Co., Spirit Lake; served in United States Army, first lieutenant, 1942-1945; member, Spirit Lake Board of Education, 1957-1962; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1972 to the Ninety-third Congress; delegate to Iowa State Democratic conventions, 1972-1974; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fourth and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1975-January 3, 1987); was not a candidate for reelection in 1986; is a resident of Spirit Lake, Iowa.

BEDFORD, Gunning (cousin of Gunning Bedford, Jr.), a Delegate from Delaware; born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 7, 1742; became a major in the Continental Army in 1775; lieutenant colonel in Haslet’s Regiment in 1776, being wounded in the battle of White Plains; subsequently appointed muster-master-general in 1776; was admitted to the bar in 1779; member of the Delaware general assembly from New Castle County 1784-1786; elected a Member of the Continental Congress for the term 1786-1787 but declined to serve and resigned January 15, 1787; member of the Delaware convention in 1787 which ratified the Federal Constitution; elected as Governor of Delaware in 1796 and served until his death in New Castle, Del., September 30, 1797; interment in Immanuel Churchyard.

BEDFORD, Gunning, Jr. (cousin of Gunning Bedford), a Delegate from Delaware; born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1747; was graduated from Princeton College in 1771; studied law in Philadelphia; was admitted to the Delaware bar in 1779 and commenced practice in Dover, Del.; moved to Wilmington, Del.; Member of the Continental Congress 17831785; appointed attorney general of the State on April 26, 1784, and served until September 26, 1789; appointed a commissioner to the convention held at Annapolis, Md., in September 1786 but did not attend; member of the Federal constitutional convention at Philadelphia in 1787 and signed the Constitution; delegate to the State convention that ratified the Federal Constitution in 1787; member of the State senate in 1788; appointed United States judge for the district of Delaware September 26, 1789, which position he held until his death in Wilmington, Del., March 30, 1812; interment in First Presbyterian Churchyard; reinterment at the Masonic Home of Delaware, on Lancaster Pike, two miles west of Wilmington, Del.

BEDINGER, George Michael (uncle of Henry Bedinger), a Representative from Kentucky; born in Hanover, York County, Pa., December 10, 1756; attended an English school; moved to Virginia about 1762 and to Kentucky in 1779 and settled at Boonesborough; adjutant in the expedition against Chillicothe in May 1779; major in the Battle of Blue Licks, August 19, 1782; major in Drake’s Regiment in 1791; major commanding the Winchester Battalion of Sharpshooters in the St. Clair expedition in 1791; major commanding the Third Sublegion of the United States Infantry from April 11, 1792, to February 28, 1793; member of the State house of representatives of the first legislature of Kentucky in 1792; served in the State senate in 1800 and 1801; elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses (March 4, 1803-March 3, 1807); engaged in agricultural pursuits; died at Blue Licks Springs, Ky., December 7, 1843; interment in the family cemetery on his farm near Lower Blue Licks Springs, Ky. Bibliography: Dandridge, Danske. George Michael Bedinger: A Kentucky Pioneer. Charlottesville, Va.: Michie Co., printers, 1909.

BEDINGER, Henry (nephew of George Michael Bedinger), a Representative from Virginia; born near Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, Va. (now West Virginia), February 3, 1812; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1832 and commenced practice in Shepherdstown; moved to Charlestown, Va., and continued the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses (March 4, 1845March 3, 1849); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1848 to the Thirty-first Congress; resumed the practice ´ of law; appointed Charge d’Affaires to Denmark on May 24, 1853, and Minister Resident June 29, 1854, in which capacity he served until August 10, 1858, when he resigned; died in Shepherdstown, W.Va., November 26, 1858; interment in Elmwood Cemetery. Bibliography: Levin, Alexandra Lee. ‘‘Henry Bedinger of Virginia: First United States Minister to Denmark.’’ Virginia Cavalcade 29 (Spring 1980): 184-91.

BEE, Carlos (great-grandson of Thomas Bee), a Representative from Texas; born in Saltillo, Mexico, July 8, 1867, where his parents had moved after the collapse of the Confederacy; returned with his parents to San Antonio, Tex., in 1874; attended the public schools and the Agricultural and Mechanical College; studied law while working as a railway mail clerk; was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice in San Antonio, Tex.; United States commissioner for the western district of Texas in 1893; district attorney of the thirty-seventh judicial district 18981905; chairman of the Democratic State convention in 1904; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1904 and 1908; served as a member of the city school board of San Antonio 1906-1908; president of the county school board of Bexar County, Tex., 1912-1914; member of the State senate 1915-1919; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1919-March 3, 1921); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920 to the Sixty-seventh Congress; engaged in the practice of law in San Antonio, Tex., until his death there on April 20, 1932; interment in the Confederate Cemetery.

BEE, Thomas (great-grandfather of Carlos Bee), a Delegate from South Carolina; born in Charleston, S.C., in 1725; educated in Charleston, and later at Oxford University, England; studied law; was admitted to the bar at Charleston, S.C., January 27, 1761, and practiced there; also engaged in planting; member of Commons House, Province of South Carolina, for St. Pauls 1762-1764, for St. Peters 1765, and for St. Andrews 1772-1776; justice of the peace in 1775; Delegate to the First and Second Provincial Congresses 1775 and 1776; member of the State house of representatives 1776-1779 and 1782, serving as speaker 1777-1779; took an active part in the Revolution and was a member of the council of safety in 1775 and 1776; law judge 1776-1778; member of the State legislative council 1776-1778; Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina in 1779 and 1780; Member of the Continental Congress 1780-1782; appointed judge of the United States Court for the District of South Carolina by President Washington June 14, 1790; published reports of the district court of South Carolina in 1810; died in Pendleton, S.C., February 18, 1812; interment in Woodstock Cemetery, Goose Creek, S.C.

BEEBE, George Monroe, a Representative from New York; born in New Vernon, Orange County, N.Y., October 28, 1836; attended the common schools, and Walkill Academy, Middletown, N.Y.; studied law and was graduated from the Albany Law University in 1857; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Monticello, Sullivan County, N.Y.; moved to Peoria, Ill., in 1857 and became editor of the Central Illinois Democrat; moved to Troy, Doniphan County, Territory of Kansas, in 1858 and continued the practice of law; member of the Territorial council in 1858 and 1859; appointed by President Buchanan as secretary of the Territory in 1859; Acting Governor in 1860 and 1861; moved to St. Joseph, Mo., in 1861 and to Virginia City, Nev., in 1863, continuing the practice of his profession; unsuccessful candidate for associate judge of the State supreme court in 1865; returned to Monticello, N.Y., and became editor of the Republican Watchman in 1866; unsuccessful candidate for the State senate in 1871; member of the State assembly in 1872 and 1873; commissioned by Governor Dix as chief of artillery with the rank of colonel in the Fifth Division, National Guard of New York, in 1873; resigned in 1874 to enter Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1879); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy (Forty-fourth Congress), Committee on Mines and Mining (Forty-fifth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress; resumed his former newspaper pursuits; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1876, 1880, and 1892; member of the State court of claims from 1883 until 1900; resided at Monticello until 1892 when he moved to Ellenville, N.Y.; retired from active business pursuits in 1900; died in Ellenville, Ulster County, N.Y., on March 1, 1927; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery, Newburgh, N.Y.

BEECHER, Philemon, a Representative from Ohio; born in Kent, Litchfield County, Conn., in 1775; received a classical education; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; moved to Lancaster, Ohio, in 1801 and continued the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives in 1803 and 1805-1807, serving as speaker in 1807; unsuccessful candidate in 1807 for election to the United States Senate, and also as judge of the Ohio Supreme Court; major general in the State militia; elected to the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1821); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1820 to the Seventeenth Congress; elected to the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Congresses (March 4, 1823-March 3, 1829); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1828 to the Twentyfirst Congress; engaged in the practice of law in Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio, until his death there November 30, 1839; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

BEEDY, Carroll Lynwood, a Representative from Maine; born in Phillips, Franklin County, Maine, August 3, 1880; attended the public schools of Lewiston, Androscoggin County, Maine; was graduated from Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, in 1903 and from the law department of Yale University in 1906; was admitted to the bar in 1907 and commenced practice in Portland, Maine; prosecuting attorney of Cumberland County 1917-1921; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1921-January 3, 1935); chairman, Committee on Mileage (Sixty-eighth and Sixty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Labor (Sixty-ninth Congress), Committee on Elections No. 1 (Seventieth and Seventy-first Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1934 to the Seventy-fourth Congress; engaged in the practice of law in Washington, D.C., until his death there August 30, 1947; interment in Evergreen Cemetery, Portland, Maine.

BEEKMAN, Thomas, a Representative from New York; born in Wayne County, N.Y., birth date unknown; town clerk of Smithfield, N.Y., 1824; elected to the Twenty-first Congress (March 4, 1829-March 3, 1831); died in Peterboro, N.Y.; death date unknown.

BEEMAN, Joseph Henry, a Representative from Mississippi; born near Gatesville, Gates County, N.C., November 17, 1833; moved with his parents to Morgan County, Ala., in 1847 and to Mississippi in 1849; received an academic education; taught school for several years; engaged in mercantile pursuits; served as a lieutenant in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; member of the State house of representatives 1883-1891; connected with the Farmers’ Alliance and served as chairman of its executive committee; delegate to several State conventions; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second Congress (March 4, 1891-March 3, 1893); was not a candidate for reelection in 1892; engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death near Lena, Scott County, Miss., July 31, 1909; interment in Beeman Cemetery, Lena, Miss.

BEERMANN, Ralph Frederick, a Representative from Nebraska; born near Dakota City, Dakota County, Nebr., August 13, 1912; attended public schools, South Sioux City, Nebr.; Morningside College, Sioux City, Iowa, and Army specialist schools; during the Second World War served in the United States Army for three years in African-European Theaters in the Six Hundred and First Ordnance Battalion, Three Hundred and First Ordnance Regiment; engaged in partnership with six brothers (Beermann Bros.) in farming, cattle feeding, and alfalfa dehydrating in Dakota County, Nebr.; chairman of Dakota County Republican Central Committee for ten years; organized Dakota County Young Republicans; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh and to the Eighty-eighth Congresses (January 3, 1961-January 3, 1965); unsuccessful candidate in 1964 for reelection to the Eighty-ninth Congress; resumed business pursuits; died in an airplane crash at Sioux City Municipal Airport, Iowa, February 17, 1977; interment in Dakota City Cemetery, Dakota City, Nebr.

BEERS, Cyrus, a Representative from New York; born in Newtown, Conn., June 21, 1786; moved with his parents to New York City; obtained a limited education in the public schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits and also in the lumber business; moved to Ithaca, N.Y., in 1821 and engaged in the mercantile business; delegate to the Democratic State convention at Herkimer in 1830; appointed commissioner of deeds at Ithaca in 1837; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Andrew D. W. Bruyn and served from December 3, 1838, to March 3, 1839; was not a candidate for renomination in 1838; delegate to the New York and Erie Railroad Convention at Ithaca in 1839; resumed his former business pursuits in Ithaca, Tompkins County, N.Y., where he died June 5, 1850, interment in the City Cemetery.

BEERS, Edward McMath, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Nossville, Huntingdon County, Pa., May 27, 1877; attended the public schools; moved with his parents to Mount Union, Pa., in 1889; was graduated from Mount Union High School in 1895; upon the death of his father, succeeded him in the hotel business in 1895; also interested in agricultural pursuits; delegate to the Republican State convention at Harrisburg in 1898; mayor of Mount Union 1910-1914; member of the board of directors of the First National Bank of Mount Union and of the Grange Trust Co. of Huntingdon, Pa.; associate judge of Huntingdon County 1914-1923; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1923, until his death in Washington, D.C., on April 21, 1932; interment in the Odd Fellows’ Cemetery, Mount Union, Pa.

BEESON, Henry White, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Uniontown, Fayette County, Pa., September 14, 1791; attended the public schools; engaged in agricultural pursuits; colonel in the Fayette County Militia; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Enos Hook and served from May 31, 1841, to March 3, 1843; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1842 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; resumed agricultural pursuits; died in North Union Township, near Uniontown, Pa., October 28, 1863; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

BEGG, James Thomas, a Representative from Ohio; born on a farm near Lima, Allen County, Ohio, February 16, 1877; attended the public and high schools of Columbus Grove, and Lima (Ohio) College; was graduated from the Wooster (Ohio) University in 1903; taught school; superintendent of public schools at Columbus Grove 1905-1910, at Ironton, Ohio, 1910-1913, and at Sandusky, Ohio, 19131917; employed as a campaign director and lectured throughout the United States for the American City Bureau of New York in chamber-of-commerce work 1917-1919; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-sixth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1919-March 3, 1929); was not a candidate for renomination in 1928 to the Seventy-first Congress; engaged in the banking business; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1942 to the Seventy-eighth Congress; business consultant and dairy farmer; moved to Oklahoma City, Okla., in 1959, where he resided until his death March 26, 1963; interment in Garfield-Lakeview Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio.

BEGICH, Nicholas Joseph, a Representative from Alaska; born in Eveleth, Saint Louis County, Minn., April 6, 1932; attended the Eveleth public schools and Eveleth Junior College; St. Cloud State College, St. Cloud, Minn., B.A., 1952; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., M.A., 1954; doctoral work at the Universities of Colorado and North Dakota; high school instructor, counselor and director, student personnel, 1952-1959; principal and superintendent, Fort Richardson Schools, Alaska, 1959-1968; part-time instructor, University of Alaska, Anchorage branch, 1956-1968; builder and manager of apartment houses in Anchorage beginning in 1968; elected to Alaska State senate for two four year terms, 1963-1971, serving as minority whip from 1967; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-second and to the Ninety-third Congresses; disappeared while on a campaign flight from Anchorage to Juneau, Alaska, October 16, 1972; served from January 3, 1971, until December 29, 1972, at which time a presumptive death certificate was recorded in the State of Alaska.

BEGOLE, Josiah Williams, a Representative from Michigan; born in Groveland, Livingston County, N.Y., January 20, 1815; attended the public schools in Mount Morris and Temple Hill Academy, Geneseo, N.Y.; moved to Flint, Genesee County, Mich., in August 1836; taught school in 1837 and 1838; engaged in agricultural pursuits from 1839 to 1856; school inspector; justice of the peace and township treasurer; county treasurer 1856-1864; engaged in the lumber business in 1863; member of the State senate in 1870 and 1871; member of the city council for three years; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1872; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress; resumed the lumber business and later engaged in the manufacture of wagons; also engaged in banking; Governor of Michigan 1883-1885; resumed his former business activities; died in Flint, Mich., June 5, 1896; interment in Glenwood Cemetery.

BEIDLER, Jacob Atlee, a Representative from Ohio; born in Tredyffrin Township, near Valley Forge, Chester County, Pa., November 2, 1852; attended the country schools, and Locke’s Seminary, Norristown, Pa.; moved to Ohio and settled in Willoughby, Lake County, in 1873; engaged in business as a coal dealer and later as an operator; elected a member of the city council of Willoughby in 1881; moved to his farm, ‘‘Belle Vernon,’’ near Willoughby, in 1881 and engaged in raising dairy cattle; president of the Belle Vernon-Mapes Dairy Co.; vice president of the Cleveland, Painesville & Eastern Railroad Co.; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-seventh, Fifty-eighth, and Fifty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1901-March 3, 1907); owing to ill health declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1906 to the Sixtieth Congress; resumed his former business activities; president of the Rhodes & Beidler Coal Co.; member of the State board of agriculture; died at ‘‘Belle Vernon,’’ near Willoughby, Lake County, Ohio, September 13, 1912; interment in Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio.

BEILENSON, Anthony Charles, a Representative from California; born in New Rochelle, Westchester County, N.Y., October 26, 1932; attended schools in Mt. Vernon, N.Y.; graduated, Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., 1950; B.A., Harvard University, 1954; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1957; admitted to the California Bar in 1957 and commenced practice in Beverly Hills; served in California State assembly, 1963-1966; California State senate, 1967-1976; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth and to the nine succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1977-January 3, 1997); was not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Fifth Congress; chairman, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (One Hundred First Congress).

BEIRNE, Andrew, a Representative from Virginia; born in Dangan, County Roscommon, Ireland, in 1771; received a classical education and was graduated from Trinity University, Dublin, Ireland; immigrated to the United States in 1793 and settled in Union, Monroe County, Va.; engaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of delegates in 1807 and 1808; during the War of 1812 served as captain of a rifle company and as colonel of the Monroe County Militia; delegate to the Virginia constitutional convention in 1829 and 1830; member of the State senate 1831-1836; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1841); was not a candidate for reelection in 1840 to the Twenty-seventh Congress; resumed his former business activities; died while on a visit in Gainesville, Sumter County, Ala., March 16, 1845; interment in the family burying ground at Union, Monroe County, Va. (now West Virginia). Bibliography: White, Edward T. ‘‘Andrew and Oliver Beirne of Monroe County.’’ West Virginia History 20 (October 1958): 16-23.

BEITER, Alfred Florian, a Representative from New York; born in Clarence, Erie County, N.Y., July 7, 1894; attended elementary schools, Williamsville (N.Y.) High School, and Niagara University, Niagara Falls, N.Y.; moved to Williamsville, N.Y., and engaged in the general merchandising business from 1915 to 1929; supervisor of the town of Amherst, N.Y., 1930-1934; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third and to the two succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1939); chairman, Committee on War Claims (Seventy-fifth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress; assistant to the Secretary of the Interior in 1939 and 1940; elected to the Seventy-seventh Congress (January 3, 1941-January 3, 1943); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1942 to the Seventy-eight Congress; owned and operated a hatchery and feed business in Buffalo, N.Y., 1944-1948; president of the National Customs Service Association 1949-1961; Deputy Commissioner of Customs, Treasury Department, Washington, D.C., 1961-1964; retired and resided in Boca Raton, Fla., where he died March 11, 1974; interment in Boca Raton Cemetery.

BELCHER, Hiram, a Representative from Maine; born in Hallowell, Maine, February 23, 1790; attended the rural schools and the local academy at Hallowell 1805-1807; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Farmington, Kennebec County, Maine, in 1812; elected town clerk of Farmington and served from 1814 to 1819; member of the State house of representatives in 1822, 1829, and 1832; served in the State senate in 1838 and 1839; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847March 3, 1849); chairman, Committee on Mileage (Thirtieth Congress); was not a candidate for reelection in 1848 to the Thirty-first Congress; engaged in the practice of his profession until his death in Farmington, Maine, May 6, 1857; interment in Center Meeting House Cemetery.

BELCHER, Nathan, a Representative from Connecticut; born in Preston (now a part of Griswold), Conn., June 23, 1813; completed academic studies; was graduated from Amherst (Mass.) College in 1832; studied law at the Cambridge Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1836 and commenced practice in Clinton, Conn.; moved in 1841 to New London, where he engaged in manufacturing tools, hardware, and kitchen utensils; member of the State house of representatives 1846 and 1847; served in the State senate in 1850; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); was not a candidate for renomination in 1854; resumed his former manufacturing pursuits; also engaged in banking; died in New London, New London County, Conn., June 2, 1891; interment in Cedar Grove Cemetery.

BELCHER, Page Henry, a Representative from Oklahoma; born in Jefferson, Grant County, Okla., April 21, 1899, on the claim his father took in the opening of the Cherokee Strip; attended high school at Jefferson and Medford, Okla.; student at Friends University, Wichita, Kans., and the University of Oklahoma at Norman; veteran of the First World War; court clerk of Garfield County, Okla., 19341938; studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1936 and commenced the practice of law in Enid, Okla.; municipal judge, Enid, Okla., in 1938; eighth district chairman, ten years; State executive secretary of Republican Party; secretary to Congressman Ross Rizley in 1941; member of Enid Board of Education; elected as a Republican to the Eightysecond and to the ten succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1951-January 3, 1973); was not a candidate for renomination in 1972 to the Ninety-third Congress; was a resident of Midwest City, Okla., where he died August 2, 1980; interment in Memorial Park Cemetery, Enid, Okla.

BELDEN, George Ogilvie, a Representative from New York; born in Norwalk, Conn., March 28, 1797; attended the public schools; studied law with Charles Baker, of Bloomingburg, N.Y.; was admitted to the bar and practiced in Monticello, Sullivan County, N.Y.; elected to the Twentieth Congress (March 4, 1827-March 3, 1829); resumed the practice of law; served as general of the Twenty-third Brigade of Infantry of the State of New York in 1831; died in Monticello, Sullivan County, N.Y., October 9, 1833; interment in the Old Cemetery on St. John Street.

BELDEN, James Jerome, a Representative from New York; born in Fabius, Onondaga County, N.Y., September 30, 1825; attended the common schools; engaged in the banking business at Syracuse, N.Y., in 1880; also interested in the construction of railroads and public works; served as mayor of Syracuse, N.Y., in 1877 and 1878; elected as a Republican to the Fiftieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank Hiscock; reelected to the Fifty-first, Fifty-second, and Fifty-third Congresses and served from November 8, 1887, to March 3, 1895; was not a candidate for renomination in 1894; elected to the Fiftyfifth Congress (March 4, 1897-March 3, 1899); was not a candidate for renomination in 1898; died in Syracuse, Onondaga County, N.Y., January 1, 1904; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

BELFORD, James Burns (cousin of Joseph McCrum Belford), a Representative from Colorado; born in Lewistown, Mifflin County, Pa., September 28, 1837; attended the common schools and Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859; moved to California, Moniteau County, Mo., and commenced practice; moved to La Porte, La Porte County, Ind., in 1860; member of the State house of representatives in 1867; appointed an associate justice of the supreme court of Colorado in 1870 and moved to Central City; moved to Denver in 1883; upon the admission of Colorado as a State into the Union was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth Congress and served from October 3, 1876, until March 3, 1877; presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Forty-fifth Congress and served from March 4, 1877, until December 13, 1877, when he was succeeded by Thomas M. Patterson, who contested his election; elected to the Forty-sixth, Fortyseventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1885); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Forty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1884; engaged in the practice of law in Denver, Colo., until his death there January 10, 1910; interment in Riverside Cemetery.

BELFORD, Joseph McCrum (cousin of James Burns Belford), a Representative from New York; born in Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa., August 5, 1852; attended Dickinson Seminary, Williamsport, Pa., and was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1871; moved to Long Island, N.Y., in 1884 and engaged in teaching at the Franklinville and Riverhead Academies; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1889 and commenced the practice of law in Riverhead, Long Island, N.Y.; served as secretary and chairman of the Suffolk County Republican committee; clerk of the surrogate court; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1897-March 3, 1899); was not a candidate for renomination in 1898 to the Fifty-sixth Congress; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1900; resumed the practice of his chosen profession in Riverhead, Suffolk County, Long Island, N.Y.; also engaged in the banking business; served as surrogate of Suffolk County from 1904 to 1910; died suddenly in Grand Central Station, New York City, May 3, 1917; interment in Riverhead Cemetery, Riverhead, Long Island, N.Y.

BELKNAP, Charles Eugene, a Representative from Michigan; born in Massena, St. Lawrence County, N.Y., October 17, 1846; attended the common schools; Twenty-first Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry, 1864-1865; manufactured wagons and sleighs; member of the board of education of Grand Rapids, Mich., 1871-1878; served on the board of aldermen, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1880-1882; mayor of Grand Rapids, Mich., 1884; hospital executive; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1889March 3, 1891); was not a candidate for renomination to the Fifty-second Congress in 1890; elected to the Fifty-second Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Melbourne H. Ford (November 3, 1891-March 3, 1893); unsuccessfully contested the election to the Fifty-third Congress; staff duty at Fort Oglethorpe during the Spanish-American War; died on January 16, 1929, in Grand Rapids, Mich.; interment in the Greenwood Cemetery.

BELKNAP, Hugh Reid, a Representative from Illinois; born in Keokuk, Lee County, Iowa, September 1, 1860; attended the public schools, Adams Academy, Quincy, Mass., and Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.; at the age of eighteen entered the service of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. and worked in various capacities until he retired in 1892 to become superintendent of the South Side Rapid Transit Railroad of Chicago; successfully contested as a Republican the election of Lawrence E. McGann to the Fiftyfourth Congress; reelected to the Fifty-fifth Congress and served from December 27, 1895, to March 3, 1899; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1898 to the Fifty-sixth Congress; resided in Chicago, Ill., until 1901; appointed a paymaster in the United States Army with the rank of major and served from February 2, 1901, until his death in Calamba, Laguna, P.I., November 12, 1901; interment in Arlington National Cemetery.

BELL, Alphonzo, a Representative from California; born in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Calif., September 19, 1914; graduated from Occidental College, Los Angeles, Calif., 1938; United States Army, 1942-1945; rancher; real estate investment; business executive; business owner; chairman, Republican State Central Committee of California, 19561959; member of the Republican National Committee, 19561959; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh and to the seven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1961-January 3, 1977); was not a candidate for reelection, but was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate in 1976; died on April 25, 2004, in Santa Monica, Calif.

BELL, Charles Henry (nephew of Samuel Bell and cousin of James Bell), a Senator from New Hampshire; born in Chester, Rockingham County, N.H., November 18, 1823; graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1844; studied law; admitted to the bar and practiced in Chester, Great Falls, and Exeter, N.H.; county solicitor for ten years; member, State house of representatives 1858-1860, serving as speaker in 1860; member, State senate 1863-1864, serving as president in 1864; appointed as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1879, and served from March 13, 1879, to June 18, 1879, when a successor was elected; was not a candidate for election to the Senate in 1879; resumed the practice of law at Exeter and also engaged in literary pursuits; Governor of New Hampshire 1881-1883; president of the State constitutional convention in 1889; president of the New Hampshire Historical Society 1868-1887; died in Exeter, Rockingham County, N.H., November 11, 1893; interment in Exeter Cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Bell, Charles H. The Bench and Bar of New Hampshire. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1894.

BELL, Charles Jasper, a Representative from Missouri; born in Lake City, Hinsdale County, Colo., January 16, 1885; attended the country schools in Jackson County, Mo., Lees Summit (Mo.) High School, and the University of Missouri at Columbia; was graduated from Kansas City (Mo.) School of Law in 1913; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Kansas City, Mo.; member of the city council of Kansas City 1926-1930; member of the committee to draft the administrative code which comprises the general law of Kansas City, Mo.; judge of the circuit court of Jackson County, Mo., from 1931 until his resignation in 1934; elected as a Democrat to the Seventyfourth and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1935-Januray 3, 1949); chairman, Committee on Elections No. 1 (Seventy-sixth and Seventy-seventh Congresses), Committee on Insular Affairs (Seventy-eighth and Seventy-ninth Congresses); member of the Filipino Rehabilitation Commission in 1945 and 1946; was not a candidate for reelection in 1948 to the Eighty-first Congress; resumed the practice of law; managing private investments; died in Kansas City, Mo., January 21, 1978; interment in Blue Springs Cemetery, Blue Springs, Mo.

BELL, Charles Keith (nephew of Reese Bowen Brabson), a Representative from Texas; born in Chattanooga, Tenn., April 18, 1853; attended the public schools and Sewanee (Tenn.) College; moved to Texas in 1871; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1874 and commenced practice in Hamilton, Tex.; prosecuting attorney of Hamilton County in 1876; district attorney 1880-1882; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1884; member of the State senate 1884-1888; judge of the twenty-ninth judicial district of Texas 1888-1890; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftythird and Fifty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1897); was not a candidate for renomination in 1896; resumed the practice of law in Fort Worth, Tex.; attorney general of Texas 1901-1904; again resumed the practice of law in Fort Worth, where he died April 21, 1913; interment in East Oakwood Cemetery.

BELL, Charles Webster, a Representative from California; born in Albany, N.Y., June 11, 1857; attended the public schools; moved to California in 1877 and settled in Pasadena, Los Angeles County; engaged in fruit growing and the real estate business; county clerk of Los Angeles County 1899-1903; member of the State senate 1907-1912; elected as a Progressive Republican to the Sixty-third Congress (March 4, 1913-March 3, 1915); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1914 to the Sixty-fourth Congress; resumed his former business pursuits in Pasadena, Calif.; served as secretary of the Pasadena Mercantile Finance Corporation; died in Pasadena, Calif., April 19, 1927; interment in Mountain View Cemetery.

BELL, Chris, a Representative from Texas; born in Texas, November 23, 1959; B.J., University of Texas, Austin, Tex., 1982; J.D., South Texas University, Houston, Tex., 1992; journalist; lawyer, private practice; member, Houston, Tex., city council, 1997-2001; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Eighth Congress (January 3, 2003-January 3, 2005); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 2004.

BELL, Hiram, a Representative from Ohio; born in Salem, Vt., April 22, 1808; attended the public schools of his native city; moved with his parents to Hamilton, Ohio, in 1826; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1829 and commenced practice in Greenville, Darke County, Ohio; auditor of Darke County in 1829 and 1834; member of the State house of representatives in 1836, 1837, and 1840; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1853); was not a candidate for renomination in 1852; engaged in the practice of his profession until his death in Greenville, Ohio, December 21, 1855; interment in the Greenville Cemetery.

BELL, Hiram Parks, a Representative from Georgia; born near Jefferson, Jackson County, Ga., January 19, 1827; attended the public schools at Cumming, Forsyth County, Ga.; taught school for two years, during which time he studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849 and commenced practice in Cumming; member of the secession convention in 1861 and opposed the secession ordinance; commissioner from Georgia to solicit the cooperation of Tennessee in the formation of a southern confederacy; member of the State senate in 1861, but resigned to enter the Confederate Army; during the Civil War was commissioned captain and later promoted to lieutenant colonel and colonel of the Forty-third Georgia Regiment; member of the Second Confederate Congress in 1864 and 1865; member of the Democratic State executive committee 1868-1871; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876; was chosen a member of the Democratic National Committee from the State at large; elected to the Forty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Benjamin H. Hill and served from March 13, 1877, to March 3, 1879; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1878; member of the State house of representatives in 1898 and 1899; served in the State senate in 1900 and 1901; died in Atlanta, Ga., August 17, 1907; interment in Cumming Cemetery, Cumming, Ga. Bibliography: Bell, Hiram Parks. Men and things. By Hiram P. Bell, being reminiscent, biographical and historical. Atlanta: Press of the Foote & Davies company, 1907.

BELL, James (son of Samuel Bell, uncle of Samuel Newell Bell, and cousin of Charles Henry Bell), a Senator from New Hampshire; born in Francistown, Hillsboro County, N.H., November 13, 1804; attended Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., and was graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1822; studied law at Litchfield Law School, Litchfield, Conn.; was admitted to the bar in 1825 and commenced practice in Gilmanton, N.H.; moved to Exeter in 1831 and to Gilford in 1846; member, New Hampshire house of representatives 1846-1850; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1850; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of New Hampshire in 1854 and 1855; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate for the term beginning March 4, 1855, and served from July 30, 1855, until his death in Laconia, Belknap County, N.H., May 26, 1857; interment in Exeter Cemetery, Exeter, N.H.

BELL, James Martin, a Representative from Ohio; born in Huntingdon County, Pa., October 16, 1796; attended the public schools; studied law in Steubenville, Ohio; was admitted to the bar in 1817 and commenced practice in Cambridge, Guernsey County, Ohio; served as major general of the Fifteenth Division, Ohio Militia; prosecuting attorney of Guernsey County 1818-1832; member of the State house of representatives 1826-1831, serving as speaker in 1830 and 1831; master commissioner in 1827; justice of the peace in 1830; county school examiner in 1830; elected as an AntiJacksonian to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1833March 3, 1835); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1834 to the Twenty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of law; served as mayor of Cambridge from 1838 to 1840; died in Cambridge, Ohio, on April 4, 1849; interment in Founders’ Burial Ground.

BELL, John (of Ohio), a Representative from Ohio; born in Pennsboro, Lycoming County, Pa., June 19, 1796; received a limited education; moved to Ohio in 1810 with his parents, who settled in Greene County, near Xenia; moved to Lower Sandusky in 1823; city mayor in 1830; probate judge of Sandusky County several terms; commissioned major general of State militia in 1834; commanded Ohio forces in the Toledo war in 1835; served as postmaster of Lower Sandusky from November 14, 1838, to May 3, 1841; member of the State house of representatives in 1844 and 1845; mayor of Fremont, Ohio, in 1845 and 1846; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Amos E. Wood and served from January 7 to March 3, 1851; probate judge 1852-1855 and 18581863; died in Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio, May 4, 1869; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

BELL, John, a Representative and a Senator from Tennessee; born near Nashville, Tenn., February 15, 1797; graduated from the University of Nashville in 1814; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1816 and commenced practice in Franklin, Tenn.; member, State senate 1817; declined to be a candidate for reelection and moved to Nashville; elected to the Twentieth, and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1827-March 3, 1841); Speaker of the House of Representatives (Twenty-third Congress); chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Twenty-first through Twenty-sixth Congresses, except for Twenty-third), Committee on Judiciary (Twenty-second and Twenty-third Congresses); appointed by President William Henry Harrison as Secretary of War March 5, 1841, and served until September 12, 1841, when he resigned; member, State house of representatives in 1847; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate in 1847; reelected in 1853, and served from November 22, 1847, to March 3, 1859; unsuccessful candidate in 1860 for President of the United States on the Constitutional Union ticket; investor in ironworks at Cumberland Furnace in Chattanooga, Tenn.; died at his home on the banks of the Cumberland River, near Cumberland Furnace, September 10, 1869; interment in Mount Olivet Cemetery, near Nashville, Tenn. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Parks, Joseph H. John Bell Of Tennessee. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1950.

BELL, John Calhoun, a Representative from Colorado; born near Sewanee, Franklin County, Tenn., December 11, 1851; attended public and private schools in Franklin County; studied law in Winchester, Tenn., and was admitted to the bar in 1874; moved to Colorado in 1874 and commenced practice in Del Norte, moving to Saguache, Colo., the same year; county attorney of Saguache County, Colo., from 1874 to May 1876; moved to Lake City, Colo., in 1876; elected county clerk of Hinsdale County in 1878; mayor of Lake City in 1885; moved to Montrose, Montrose County, Colo., in 1886 and continued the practice of law; served as judge of the seventh judicial district of Colorado from 1889 until his resignation in 1892, having been elected to Congress; elected as a Populist to the Fifty-third and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1903); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1902 to the Fifty-eighth Congress; member of the United States Industrial Commission in 1900 and 1901; resumed the practice of law in Montrose, Colo.; judge of the Court of Appeals of Colorado 1913-1915; again resumed the practice of law; member of the State board of agriculture 1931-1933; died in Montrose, Colo., August 12, 1933; interment in the Cedar Cemetery.

BELL, John Junior, a Representative from Texas; born in Cuero, De Witt County, Tex., May 15, 1910; attended the public schools; was graduated from the University of Texas at Austin in 1932 and from its law school in 1936; was admitted to the bar in 1936 and commenced the practice of law in Cuero, Tex.; served in the State house of representatives 1937-1947; president of a company operating compresses in Victoria, Shiner, Cuero, and Taft, Tex.; during the Second World War served as a private in the United States Army from May 1944 to March 1945; member of the State senate 1947-1954; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1948 and 1952; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-fourth Congress (January 3, 1955-January 3, 1957); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1956; lawyer, rancher, and farmer; was a resident of Cuero, Tex., until his death January 24, 1963; interment in Hillside Cemetery.

BELL, Joshua Fry, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Danville, Boyle County, Ky., November 26, 1811; attended the public schools; was graduated from Centre College, Danville, Ky., in 1828; studied law in Lexington, Ky.; traveled in Europe for several years before admission to the bar; commenced practice in Danville, Boyle County, Ky.; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1847); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1846; secretary of state of Kentucky in 1849; chosen by the legislature as one of six commissioners to the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; delegate to the Border State convention in 1861; nominated in 1863 by the Union Democrats for Governor of Kentucky, but declined to accept the nomination; member of the State house of representatives 1862-1867; died in Danville, Ky., August 17, 1870; interment in Bellevue Cemetery.

BELL, Peter Hansbrough, a Representative from Texas; born in Spotsylvania County, Va., May 12, 1812; attended the public schools; moved to Texas in 1836 during the war for Texan independence; participated in the Battle of San Jacinto; assistant adjutant general of the Texan forces in 1837 and inspector general in 1839; served in the Mexican War as captain of the Texas Volunteer Rangers in 1845 and 1846 and as lieutenant colonel of mounted volunteers; colonel of a Texan volunteer regiment in 1848 and 1849; Governor of Texas 1849-1853; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1853March 3, 1857); was not a candidate for renomination in 1856; moved to North Carolina in 1857 and settled in Halifax County; died in Littleton, Halifax County, N.C., March 8, 1898; interment in City Cemetery; reinterred Texas State Cemetery, Austin, Tex., 1930.

BELL, Samuel (father of James Bell, grandfather of Samuel Newell Bell, and uncle of Charles Henry Bell), a Senator from New Hampshire; born in Londonderry, N.H., February 9, 1770; attended the common schools and New Ipswich Academy; graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1793; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1796 and commenced practice in Francestown, N.H.; moved to Amherst, N.H., in 1810 and to Chester, N.H., in 1812 and continued the practice of law; member, State house of representatives 1804-1807, serving as speaker 1805-1807; member, State senate, serving as president of that body 18071809; member, state executive council 1809-1811; judge of the State supreme court 1816-1819; Governor of New Hampshire 1819-1823; elected as an Adams-Clay Republican (later Adams and then Anti-Jacksonian) to the United States Senate in 1823; reelected in 1829, and served from March 4, 1823, to March 3, 1835; was not a candidate for reelection in 1834; chairman, Committee on Claims (Twenty-third Congress); affiliated with the Whig Party upon its formation in 1834; retired to his farm; died in Chester, N.H., on December 23, 1850; interment in the Village Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography.

BELL, Samuel Newell (grandson of Samuel Bell and nephew of James Bell), a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Chester, Rockingham County, N.H., March 25, 1829; attended school in Francestown, N.H., and Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.; was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1847; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849 and commenced practice in Meredith, Belknap County, N.H.; elected as a Democrat to the Fortysecond Congress (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1873); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; elected to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875March 3, 1877); was not a candidate for reelection in 1876; resumed the practice of law in Meredith; also interested in large real estate holdings; served as president of several railroads and vice president of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Co.; appointed chief justice of the superior court of New Hampshire, but declined to accept; retired from public life; died while on a visit in North Woodstock, N.H., February 8, 1889; interment in the Valley Cemetery, Manchester, N.H.

BELL, Theodore Arlington, a Representative from California; born in Vallejo, Solano County, Calif., July 25, 1872; moved with his parents to St. Helena, Napa County, in 1876; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice at Napa, Calif.; district attorney of Napa County 1895-1903; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1903March 3, 1905); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1904 to the Fifty-ninth Congress; moved to San Francisco in 1906 and continued the practice of his profession; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of California in 1906 and 1910; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1908 and 1912; became affiliated with the Republican Party in 1921; was accidentally killed near San Rafael, Marin County, Calif., September 4, 1922; interment in Odd Fellows Cemetery, St. Helena, Calif.

BELL, Thomas Montgomery, a Representative from Georgia; born in Nacoochee Valley, near Cleveland, White County, Ga., March 17, 1861; attended the common schools, a private school in Cleveland, Ga., and Moore’s Business University at Atlanta; taught in the public schools of Cleveland in 1878 and 1879; in the following year became employed as a traveling salesman and was connected with many wholesale business houses at Atlanta, Ga., and Baltimore, Md.; moved to Gainesville, Ga., in 1885 and continued his former pursuits; elected clerk of the superior court of Hall County in 1898; reelected in 1900 and again in 1902 and served until 1904; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftyninth and to the twelve succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1905-March 3, 1931); majority whip (Sixty-third Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1930; employed as a representative of a marble company; died in Gainesville, Ga., March 18, 1941; interment in Alta Vista Cemetery.

BELLAMY, John Dillard, a Representative from North Carolina; born in Wilmington, N.C., March 24, 1854; attended the common schools and Cape Fear Military Academy; was graduated from Davidson College, Davidson, N.C., in 1873 and from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1875; was admitted to the bar in 1875 and commenced the practice of law in Wilmington, N.C.; city attorney of Wilmington 1892-1894; member of the State senate 1900-1902; delegate at large to the Democratic National Conventions in 1892, 1908, and 1920; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1899-March 3, 1903); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1902 to the Fifty-eighth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Wilmington, N.C.; also engaged as an author; district counsel for the Seaboard Air Line Railway Co., the Southern Bell Telephone Co., and the Western Union Telegraph Co.; also connected with the street railway company and cotton mills in Wilmington, N.C.; appointed by Governor McLean as a commissioner from North Carolina to the celebration of the two-hundredth anniversary of the birth of George Washington, held in Washington, D.C., in 1932; died in Wilmington, N.C., September 25, 1942; interment in Oakdale Cemetery. Bibliography: Bellamy, John Dillard. Memoirs of an Octogenarian. [Charlotte, N.C.: Observer Printing House, 1942].

BELLINGER, Joseph, a Representative from South Carolina; born at Bellinger Plantation in Saint Bartholomew Parish, Ashepoo, Colleton County, S.C., in 1773; planter and owner of ‘‘Aeolian Lawn’’ plantation; member of the State house of representatives 1802-1809 and of the State senate from Barnwell District 1810-1813; elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth Congress (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1819); was not a candidate for reelection to the Sixteenth Congress; died at Charleston, S.C., January 10, 1830; interment in the Bellinger private burial ground, Poco Sabo Plantation, Ashepoo, S.C.

BELLMON, Henry Louis, a Senator from Oklahoma; born on a farm near Tonkawa, Kay County, Okla., September 3, 1921; educated in Noble County public schools; graduated Oklahoma State University (then Oklahoma A.&M. College) 1942; served in United States Marine Corps 1942-1946; farmer and rancher; served in Oklahoma house of representatives 1946-1948; State Republican chairman 1960; elected Oklahoma’s first Republican Governor in 1962, served 1963-1967; while in office, chairman, Interstate Oil Compact Commission, and member, executive committee, National Governors Conference; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1968; reelected in 1974 and served from January 3, 1969, to January 3, 1981; was not a candidate for reelection in 1980; co-founder and co-chairman of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget; appointed director of the Oklahoma Department of Human Services 1983; elected Governor of Oklahoma 1986; is a resident of Red Rock, Okla. Bibliography: Bellmon, Henry, with Pat Bellmon. The Life and Times of Henry Bellmon. Tulsa: Council Oak Books, 1992.

BELMONT, Oliver Hazard Perry (brother of Perry Belmont), a Representative from New York; born in New York City November 12, 1858; attended St. Paul’s School, Concord, N.H., and was graduated from the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., June 10, 1880; was commissioned as a midshipman and served until June 1, 1881, when he resigned; at one time a member of the banking firm of August Belmont & Co., New York City; became publisher of the Verdict, a weekly paper; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1900; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1901-March 3, 1903); was not a candidate for renomination in 1902; died in Hempstead, N.Y., on June 10, 1908; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery, New York City.

BELMONT, Perry (brother of Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont), a Representative from New York; born in New York City December 28, 1851; attended Everest Military Academy, Hamden, Conn., and was graduated from Harvard University in 1872; studied civil law at the University of Berlin; was graduated from the Columbia Law School, New York City, in 1876; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in New York City; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1881, to December 1, 1888, when he resigned to accept a diplomatic position; chairman, Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings (Forty-eighth Congress), Committee on Foreign Affairs (Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses); declined to be a candidate for renomination to Congress in 1888; United States Minister to Spain in 1888 and 1889; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1892, 1896, 1904, and 1912; during the Spanish-American War served as major and inspector general of the First Division, Second Army Corps, United States Volunteers; in 1905 successfully initiated and organized the movement for the Federal and State campaign-publicity legislation, which was enacted into law in 1911, and was elected president of the National Association for Campaign Publicity Law; during the First World War was commissioned a captain in the remount service; resumed the practice of law in New York City in 1920; author of a number of books pertaining to national and political affairs; went abroad in 1932 for three years, residing mostly at Paris, France; returned, and made Newport, R.I., his permanent residence; died at Newport, R.I., May 25, 1947; interment in Island Cemetery. Bibliography: Belmont, Perry. An American Democrat; The Recollections of Perry Belmont. New York: Columbia University Press, 1940. Reprint, New York: AMS Press, 1967.

BELSER, James Edwin, a Representative from Alabama; born in Charleston, S.C., December 22, 1805; attended the public schools; in 1820 moved with his parents to Sumter District, S.C., where he continued his schooling under a private tutor; moved to Alabama in 1825 and settled in Montgomery; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Montgomery; elected clerk of the county court; member of the State house of representatives in 1828; edited the Planters Gazette for several years; appointed solicitor of Montgomery County in 1828 and later elected to that position; appointed by Governor Fitzpatrick in 1842 as a commissioner of the State to procure a settlement of the claims against the Federal Government for money advanced in the Indian War of 1836; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1845); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1844; resumed the practice of law in Montgomery; affiliated with the Whig Party in 1848; again elected a member of the State house of representatives in 1853 and reelected in 1857; died in Montgomery, Ala., January 16, 1859; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

BELTZHOOVER, Frank Eckels, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Silver Spring Township, Cumberland County, Pa., November 6, 1841; attended Big Spring Academy, Newville; was graduated from Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg in 1862; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1864 and commenced practice in Carlisle, Pa.; chairman of the Democratic committee of Cumberland County 1868 and 1873; district attorney 1874-1877; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1883); was not a candidate for renomination in 1882; elected to the Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses (March 4, 1891-March 3, 1895); chairman, Committee on War Claims (Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1894; resumed the practice of law in Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pa.; discontinued the practice of his profession in 1910 and moved to Los Angeles, Calif., where he lived in retirement until his death on June 2, 1923; interment in Ashland Cemetery, Carlisle, Pa.

BENDER, George Harrison, a Representative and a Senator from Ohio; born in Cleveland, Ohio, September 29, 1896; attended the public schools; owner of an insurance business; in 1934 founder, editor and publisher of the National Republican magazine; member, State senate 19201930; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States House of Representatives in 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1939-January 3, 1949); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1948 to the Eighty-first Congress; elected to the Eighty-second and Eighty-third Congresses and served from January 3, 1951, until his resignation effective December 15, 1954; elected on November 2, 1954, as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term ending January 3, 1957, caused by the death of Robert A. Taft, and served from December 16, 1954, to January 3, 1957; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1956; special assistant to Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1957-1958; died in Chagrin Falls, Ohio, June 18, 1961; interment in Knollwood Cemetery, Mayfield Heights, Cleveland, Ohio. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Bender, George. The Challenge of 1940. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1940.

BENEDICT, Charles Brewster, a Representative from New York; born in Attica Township, Wyoming County, N.Y., February 7, 1828; attended the public schools and Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio; taught school and also engaged in agricultural pursuits; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1856 and commenced practice in Attica, N.Y.; justice of the peace 1854-1860; engaged in banking in 1859; member of the board of supervisors of Wyoming County 1869-1871 and 1873-1875, serving a part of the time as chairman; member of the Democratic State committee in 1875; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1877March 3, 1879); was not a candidate for renomination in 1878; resumed banking in Attica, N.Y.; one of the organizers of the First National Bank at Moorhead, Minn., and also operated farming lands extensively in that vicinity; died in Attica, N.Y., October 3, 1901; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery.

BENEDICT, Cleveland Keith, a Representative from West Virginia; born in Harrisburg, Dauphin County, Pa., March 21, 1935; attended the public schools; graduated, The Hill School, Pottstown, Pa., 1953; B.A., Princeton University, 1959; graduated, Graham School for Cattlemen, Graham, Kans., 1962; dairy farmer; chairman, West Virginia Board of Probation and Parole, 1974-1975; commissioner, finance and administration, State of West Virginia, 1975-1977; chairman, West Virginia State Republican Executive Committee, 1977-1980; delegate, West Virginia State Republican conventions, 1964-1976; delegate, Republican National Convention, 1984; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-seventh Congress (January 3, 1981-January 3, 1983); not a candidate for reelection in 1982 but was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Ninety-ninth Congress in 1984; deputy assistant secretary, U.S. Department of Energy, 1983; chairman, R.S.M., Inc., Washington, D.C., 1985-1986; West Virginia State commissioner of agriculture, 1989-1993; unsuccessful candidate for governor of West Virginia in 1992; is a resident of Lewisburg, W.Va.

BENEDICT, Henry Stanley, a Representative from California; born in Boonville, Cooper County, Mo., February 20, 1878; moved with his parents to Los Angeles, Calif., in 1888; attended the grammar schools and high school; attended the University of Southern California College of Law, Los Angeles, Calif.; was admitted to the bar in 1910 and commenced practice in Los Angeles, Calif.; member of the State house of representatives 1910-1914; served in the State senate 1914-1916; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William D. Stephens and served from November 7, 1916, to March 3, 1917; was nominated by the Progressive Party for the Sixty-fifth Congress, but withdrew in behalf of the Republican nominee; continued the practice of law and also engaged in banking; member of the State department of finance of California (State board of control) from 1919 to 1921; served as a member of the California State Railroad Commission from 1921 to 1923; resumed the practice of law in Los Angeles, Calif., until his death; died while on a visit in London, England, July 10, 1930; interment in Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, Calif.

BENET, Christie, a Senator from South Carolina; born in Abbeville, Abbeville County, S.C., December 26, 1879; attended the common schools, the College of Charleston, the University of South Carolina at Columbia, and the University of Virginia at Charlottesville; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Columbia, Richland County, S.C., in 1903; solicitor of the fifth judicial circuit in 1908; attorney for the city of Columbia 1910-1912; three times secretary of the Democratic State committee; appointed on July 6, 1918, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Benjamin R. Tillman and served from July 6 to November 5, 1918, when a successor was elected; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1918 to the Senate to fill the vacancy; chairman, Committee on National Banks (Sixty-fifth Congress); resumed the practice of law; member and later chairman of the board of regents of South Carolina State Hospital 19151946; during the Second World War served as chairman of the War Finance Committee for South Carolina and was serving as chairman of the Alien Enemy Hearing Board for the eastern district of South Carolina at time of death; died in Columbia, S.C., March 30, 1951; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

BENHAM, John Samuel, a Representative from Indiana; born on a farm near Benham, Ripley County, Ind., October 24, 1863; attended the public schools, a business college in Delaware, Ohio, and a normal school in Brookville, Ind.; taught school in the winter and attended college in the summer, being engaged as a teacher in various places in Indiana from 1882 to 1907; was graduated from Indiana State Normal School at Terre Haute, Ind., in 1893 and from Indiana University at Bloomington, Ind., in 1903; specialized in history at the University of Chicago for several terms; superintendent of schools for Ripley County for fourteen years; returned to Benham, Ind., in 1907 and engaged in the timber, milling, and contracting business; also followed agricultural pursuits; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1916; elected as a Republican to the Sixtysixth and Sixty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1919-March 3, 1923); chairman, Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings (Sixty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1922 to the Sixty-eighth Congress; moved to Batesville, Ripley County, Ind., in 1923 and engaged as a building contractor; again superintendent of schools for Ripley County, Ind., 1924-1929; retired from active business pursuits in 1931 and resided in Batesville, Ind., until his death there on December 11, 1935; interment in Benham Church Cemetery, near Benham, Ind. ´

BENITEZ, Jaime, a Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico; born in Vieques, P.R., October 29, 1908; B.L., Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 1930; M.L., Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 1931; M.A., University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., 1938; author; instructor, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, P.R., 1931-1942; chancellor, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, P.R., 1942-1966; president, University System of Puerto Rico, San Juan, P.R., 19661971; member, Constitutional Convention of Puerto Rico, and chairman, Committee on Bill of Rights, 1951-1952; member, United States National Commission for UNESCO, 1948-1954; United States delegate, University Convention, Utrecht, Holland, 1948; National Convention of UNESCO, Paris, France, 1950, and Havana, Cuba, 1952; president, National Association of State Universities, 1957-1958; delegate to Democratic National Convention, 1976; elected as a Popular Democrat to the United States House of Representatives for a four-year term (January 3, 1973-January 3, 1977); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1976; professor, Inter-American University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, P.R., 1980-1986; died on May 30, 2001, in San Juan, P.R.

BENJAMIN, Adam, Jr., a Representative from Indiana; born in Gary, Lake County, Ind., August 6, 1935; attended the public elementary schools of Gary; graduated, Kemper Military (high) School, Boonville, Mo., 1952; B.S., United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., 1958; J.D., Valparaiso (Ind.) Law School, 1966; admitted to the Indiana Bar in 1966 and commenced practice in Gary; served in United States Marine Corps, corporal, 1952-1954; United States Army, first lieutenant, 1958-1961; teacher, Edison High School, Gary, 1961; employed as computer analyst, Chicago, Ill., 1962; served as zoning administrator, Gary, 1964-1965; executive secretary to the mayor of Gary, 19651967; served in Indiana house of representatives, 1967-1971; Indiana senate, 1971-1976; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth, Ninety-sixth, and Ninety-seventh Congresses; served from January 3, 1977, until his death on September 7, 1982, in Washington, D.C.; interment at Calumet Park Cemetery, Merrillville, Ind.

BENJAMIN, John Forbes, a Representative from Missouri; born in Cicero, Onondaga County, N.Y., January 23, 1817; attended the public schools; moved to Texas in 1845 and to Missouri in 1848; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Shelbyville, Shelby County, Mo., in 1848; member of the State house of representatives 1850-1852; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket of in 1856; entered the Union Army as a private in 1861 and was subsequently promoted to the ranks of captain, major, lieutenant colonel, and brigadier general; provost marshal of the Eighth District of Missouri in 1863 and 1864; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1864; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, and Forty-first Congresses (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1871); chairman, Committee on Invalid Expenditures (Forty-first Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1870; resumed the practice of law in Shelbyville; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; moved to Washington, D.C., in 1874 and engaged in banking; died in Washington, D.C., March 8, 1877; interment in a private cemetery at Shelbina, Shelby County, Mo.

BENJAMIN, Judah Philip, a Senator from Louisiana; born on the Island of St. Croix, Danish West Indies (now Virgin Islands), August 6, 1811; immigrated to Savannah, Ga., in 1816 with his parents, who later settled in Wilmington, N.C.; attended the Fayetteville Academy, Fayetteville, N.C., and Yale College; moved to New Orleans, La., in 1831 and taught school; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1832 and commenced practice in New Orleans; elected to the lower house of the state legislature in 1842 and served until 1844; member of the State constitutional convention in 1845; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate in 1853; reelected as a Democrat in 1859 and served from March 4, 1853, to February 4, 1861, when he withdrew; chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Thirty-fourth through Thirty-sixth Congresses); appointed Attorney General under the provisional government of the Confederate States, February 1861; appointed Acting Secretary of War of the Confederate States in August 1861 and served until November 1861, when he was appointed Secretary of War; served in this capacity until February 1862, when he resigned to accept the appointment as Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Jefferson Davis, in which capacity he served until the end of the war; moved to Great Britain in 1865; studied English law at Lincoln’s Inn, London, was admitted to the bar in that city in 1866, and practiced law there; engaged in newspaper and magazine work; received the appointment of Queen’s counsel in 1872; retired in 1883 from active practice and public life; moved to Paris, France, and died there May 6, 1884; interment in Pere la Chaise Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Evans, Eli N. Judah P. Benjamin: The Jewish Confederate. New York: The Free Press, 1988; Osterweis, R.G. Judah P. Benjamin, Statesman of the Lost Cause. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1933.

BENNER, George Jacob, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Gettysburg, Adams County, Pa., April 13, 1859; attended the public schools and was graduated from Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg in 1878; taught school for several years; studied law; was admitted to the Adams County bar in 1881 and commenced practice in Gettysburg; delegate to the Democratic State convention in 1886; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1897March 3, 1899); was not a candidate for renomination in 1898 to the Fifty-sixth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Gettysburg, Pa.; unsuccessful candidate for election as president judge of the thirty-first judicial district in 1925; died in Gettysburg, Pa., December 30, 1930; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

BENNET, Augustus Witschief (son of William Stiles Bennet), a Representative from New York; born in New York City October 7, 1897; attended the public schools of New York City and Washington, D.C., and was graduated from Amherst (Mass.) College in 1918; during the First World War served in the United States Naval Reserve Flying Corps with the rating of chief quartermaster from June 8, 1918, to January 19, 1919; was graduated from the Columbia University Law School at New York City in 1921; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Newburgh, N.Y.; United States referee in bankruptcy 1923-1944; elected as a Republican to the Seventyninth Congress (January 3, 1945-January 3, 1947); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1946; resumed the practice of law; resided in Laguna Hills, Calif. until his death in Concord, Mass. on June 5, 1983; cremated; ashes interred at Cedar Hills Mausoleum, Newburgh, N.Y.

BENNET, Benjamin, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Bucks County, Pa., October 31, 1764; attended the common schools; studied theology; was ordained as a minister in Middletown, Monmouth County, N.J., in 1793 and served as pastor of a Baptist church in that city; also engaged in agricultural pursuits; elected as a Republican to the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Congresses (March 4, 1815March 3, 1819); resumed agricultural pursuits; died on his farm near Middletown, N.J., October 8, 1840; interment in the Baptist Cemetery, Holmdel, N.J.

BENNET, Hiram Pitt, a Delegate from the Territory of Colorado; born in Carthage, Franklin County, Maine, September 2, 1826; moved to Ohio with his parents, who settled in Richland County in 1831; attended public and private schools and the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware; taught school in northwestern Missouri in 1850; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1851 and practiced in western Iowa and later at Glenwood, Iowa; judge of the circuit court of Iowa in 1852; moved to Nebraska Territory in 1854, settled in Nebraska City, and continued the practice of law; unsuccessfully contested in 1855 as a Republican the election of Bird B. Chapman to the Thirty-fourth Congress; member of the Territorial council in 1856; member of the Territorial house of representatives in 1858 and served as speaker; moved to Denver, Colo., in 1859 and continued the practice of law; upon the admission of the Territory to representation was elected as a Conservative Republican, a Delegate to the Thirty-seventh Congress; reelected to the Thirty-eighth Congress and served from August 19, 1861, to March 3, 1865; was not a candidate for renomination in 1864; secretary of state of Colorado in 1867; appointed postmaster of Denver, Colo., on March 26, 1869, and served until May 27, 1874, when a successor was appointed; member of the first State senate in 1876; appointed ‘‘State agent’’ in 1888, and served until 1895 in recovering lands belonging to the State of Colorado which had been wrongfully disposed of; retired in 1899 and resided in Denver, Colo., until his death, November 11, 1914; interment in Riverside Cemetery. Bibliography: Bennet, Hiram Pitt. Hiram Pitt Bennet: Pioneer, Frontier Lawyer, Politician. Edited by Liston E. Leyendecker; co-editors, Conrad Woodall, Holley R. Lange, Susan L. Hoskinson. Denver, Colo.: Colorado Historical Society, 1988; Silverman, Jason H. ‘‘Making Brick Out of Straw: Delegate Hiram P. Bennet.’’ Colorado Magazine 53 (Fall 1976): 309-27.

BENNET, William Stiles (father of Augustus Witschief Bennet), a Representative from New York; born in Port Jervis, Orange County, N.Y., November 9, 1870; attended the common schools; graduated from Port Jervis Academy, Port Jervis, N.Y., 1889; graduated from Albany Law School, Albany, N.Y., 1892; lawyer, private practice; official reporter of the Orange County Board of Supervisors, 1892-1893; member of the New York state assembly, 1901-1902; justice of the municipal court of New York, N.Y., 1903; member of the United States Immigration Commission, 1907-1910; delegate to the Republican National Convention, 1908 and 1916; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth and to the two succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1905-March 3, 1911); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Sixty-second Congress in 1910; elected to the Sixty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Joseph A. Goulden (November 2, 1915-March 3, 1917); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Sixtyfifth Congress in 1916; official parliamentarian of the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1916; United States delegate to the Seventeenth International Congress Against Alcoholism held at Copenhagen, 1923; business executive; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Seventy-fifth Congress in 1936; served as a delegate to the New York state constitutional convention in 1938; unsuccessful candidate at a special election in 1944 to fill a vacancy in the Seventyeighth Congress; died on December 1, 1962, in Central Valley, N.Y.; remains were cremated and the ashes interred in Laurel Grove Cemetery, Port Jervis, N.Y.

BENNETT, Charles Edward, a Representative from Florida; born in Canton, St. Lawrence County, N.Y., December 2, 1910; attended the Tampa schools; J.D., University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla., 1934; lawyer, private practice; member of the Florida state house of representatives, 1941; United States Army, 1942-1947; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-first and to the twenty-one succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1949-January 3, 1993); chair, Committee on Standards of Official Conduct (Ninety-sixth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination to the One Hundred Third Congress in 1992; died on September 6, 2003, in Jacksonville, Fla.

BENNETT, Charles Goodwin, a Representative from New York; born in Brooklyn, N.Y., December 11, 1863; attended the public schools; was graduated from the Brooklyn High School and from the New York Law School in 1882; was admitted to the bar in 1882 and commenced practice in Brooklyn, N.Y.; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1892 to the Fifty-third Congress; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1899); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1898 to the Fifty-sixth Congress; Secretary of the United States Senate from January 29, 1900, to March 3, 1913, when a successor was elected; returned to Brooklyn, N.Y., discontinued active business pursuits, and lived in retirement until his death on May 25, 1914; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

BENNETT, David Smith, a Representative from New York; born on a farm near Camillus, Onondaga County, N.Y., May 3, 1811; attended the common schools and the local academy in Onondaga; engaged in agricultural pursuits; moved to Syracuse and engaged in the produce business, afterwards extending his business to New York City; moved to Buffalo in 1853 and built and operated several grain elevators; also purchased the original Dart grain elevator; elected a member of the State senate in 1865; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress (March 4, 1869March 3, 1871); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1870; resumed his former business pursuits in Buffalo, N.Y., where he died November 6, 1894; interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Syracuse, N.Y.

BENNETT, Granville Gaylord, a Delegate from the Territory of Dakota; born near Bloomingburg, Fayette County, Ohio, October 9, 1833; moved to Illinois in 1849 with his parents, who settled in Fulton County, and to Washington, Iowa, in 1855; attended Howe’s Academy, Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and Washington College, Iowa; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859 and commenced practice in Washington, Iowa; during the Civil War served in the Union Army as a commissioned officer from July 1861 to August 1865 and was assigned to the Seventh and Nineteenth Regiments of Iowa Volunteer Infantry; returned to Washington, Iowa; member of the State house of representatives 18651867; served in the State senate 1867-1871; appointed associate justice of the supreme court of the Territory of Dakota on February 24, 1875, and served until August 23, 1878, when he resigned, having been nominated for Congress; elected as a Republican to the Forty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1881); was not a candidate for reelection in 1880 to the Forty-seventh Congress; resumed the practice of law in Deadwood, S.Dak.; elected judge of the probate court of Lawrence County and served three terms; died at Hot Springs, Fall River County, S.Dak., June 28, 1910; interment in Mount Moriah Cemetery, Deadwood, S.Dak.

BENNETT, Hendley Stone, a Representative from Mississippi; born near Franklin, Williamson County, Tenn., April 7, 1807; attended the public schools in West Point, Miss.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice in Columbus, Miss.; judge of the circuit court 1846-1854; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1856; resumed the practice of law in Columbus; moved to Paris, Tex., in 1859 and continued the practice of law; served as a captain in Company G, Thirty-second Regiment, Texas Cavalry, Confederate States Army, from August 5, 1861, to August 31, 1862; resumed the practice of law; in 1886 returned to Tennessee and settled in Franklin, Williamson County, and continued the practice of his profession; died in Franklin, Tenn., December 15, 1891; interment in Mount Hope Cemetery.

BENNETT, Henry, a Representative from New York; born in New Lisbon, Otsego County, N.Y., September 29, 1808; attended the public schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1832 and commenced practice in New Berlin, Chenango County, N.Y.; served as clerk of the town of New Berlin in 1846; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first through Thirty-fourth Congresses and as a Republican to the Thirtyfifth Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1859); chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Thirty-fourth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1858 to the Thirtysixth Congress; resumed the practice of law in New Berlin, N.Y., until his death there on May 10, 1868; interment in St. Andrews’ Cemetery.

BENNETT, John Bonifas, a Representative from Michigan; born in Garden, Delta County, Mich., January 10, 1904; attended the public schools; was graduated from Watersmeet (Mich.) High School, from Marquette University Law School, Milwaukee, Wis., in 1925; took a postgraduate course at Chicago (Ill.) University Law School in 1926; was admitted to the Wisconsin bar in 1925 and to the Michigan bar in 1926; practiced law in Ontonagon, Mich., 1926-1942; prosecuting attorney of Ontonagon County 1929-1934; deputy commissioner of the Michigan Department of Labor and Industry 1935-1937; elected as a Republican to the Seventyeighth Congress (January 3, 1943-January 3, 1945); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1944 to the Seventy-ninth Congress; resumed the practice of law; elected in 1946 to the Eightieth and to the eight succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1947, until his death in Chevy Chase, Md., August 9, 1964; interment in Gate of Heaven Cemetery, Silver Spring, Md.

BENNETT, Joseph Bentley, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Greenup County, Ky., April 21, 1859; attended the common schools and Greenup Academy, Greenup, Ky.; taught in the public schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1878 and commenced practice in 1880; entered the mercantile business in 1885; judge of Greenup County 1894-1897; reelected in 1897 and served until 1901; member of the Republican State central committee in 1900 and 1904; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth, Sixtieth, and Sixty-first Congresses (March 4, 1905-March 3, 1911); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1910 to the Sixty-second Congress; continued the practice of his profession until his death in Greenup, Greenup County, Ky., November 7, 1923; interment in Riverview Cemetery.

BENNETT, Marion Tinsley (son of Philip A. Bennett), a Representative from Missouri; born in Buffalo, Dallas County, Mo., June 6, 1914; attended the public schools of Buffalo, Jefferson City, and Springfield, Mo.; Southwest Missouri State College at Springfield, A.B., 1935 and Washington University School of Law, St. Louis, Mo., J.D., 1938; was admitted to the bar in 1938 and commenced practice in Springfield, Mo.; served as secretary to his father, Congressman Philip A. Bennett, 1941-1943; colonel in United States Air Force Reserve until 1974; member of the Greene County (Mo.) Republican central committee 1938-1942; delegate to Missouri State Conventions, 1938, 1940, 1944, 1946, and 1948; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his father; reelected to the Seventy-ninth and Eightieth Congresses and served from January 12, 1943, to January 3, 1949; congressional delegate to inspect atrocity camps in Germany, 1945; was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1948 to the Eighty-first Congress; commissioner, United States Court of Claims, Washington, D.C., January 4, 1949, to September 11, 1964, when he became chief commissioner and served until July 7, 1972; judge, U.S. Court of Claims, 1972-1982; judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal circuit, 1982; senior U.S. Circuit judge, 1986-1987; died in Alexandria, Va., on September 6, 2000; interment at Hazelwood Cemetery, Springfield, Mo.

BENNETT, Philip Allen (father of Marion T. Bennett), a Representative from Missouri; born on a farm near Buffalo, Dallas County, Mo., March 5, 1881; attended the public schools and Buffalo (Mo.) High School; was graduated from Springfield (Mo.) Normal and Business College in 1902; taught school at Independence, Mo., in 1899 and at Boyd, Mo., in 1900; purchased the Buffalo (Mo.) Reflex, which he edited and published 1904-1921; chairman of the Dallas County (Mo.) Republican committee for eight years; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1912; served in the State senate 1921-1925; moved to Springfield, Mo., in 1922 and engaged in the real estate and loan business; Federal land bank appraiser 1923-1925; Lieutenant Governor of Missouri 1925-1929; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor in 1928; engaged in the insurance and loan business; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-seventh Congress and served from January 3, 1941, until his death in Washington, D.C., December 7, 1942; had been reelected to the Seventy-eighth Congress; interment in Hazelwood Cemetery, Springfield, Mo.

BENNETT, Risden Tyler, a Representative from North Carolina; born in Wadesboro, Anson County, N.C., June 18, 1840; attended the common schools and Anson Institute; was graduated from Cumberland University and from Lebanon Law School, Tennessee, in 1859; during the Civil War enlisted in the Confederate Army as a private on April 30, 1861, and left the service as colonel of the Fourteenth North Carolina Troops, having been wounded on three occasions; solicitor of Anson County in 1866 and 1867; member of the State house of representatives 1872-1874; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1875; judge of the superior court from 1880 until his resignation in 1882; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1887); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Fortyninth Congress); engaged in the practice of law in Wadesboro, N.C., and died there July 21, 1913; interment in the family cemetery near Wadesboro, N.C.

BENNETT, Robert (son of Wallace Foster Bennett), a Senator from Utah; born in Salt Lake City, Utah, September 18, 1933; attended Utah public schools; graduated University of Utah 1956; chief, Congressional liaison, U.S. Department of Transportation; chief executive officer, Franklin Quest 1984-1992; chairman, Utah Education Strategic Planning Commission 1988; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1992; reelected in 1998 and 2004 for the term ending January 3, 2011.

BENNETT, Thomas Warren, a Delegate from the Territory of Idaho; born in Union County, Ind., February 16, 1831; attended the common schools and was graduated from the law department of the Indiana Asbury (now De Pauw) University in July 1854; was admitted to the bar in 1855 and commenced practice in Liberty, Union County, Ind.; elected a member of the State senate in 1858 and resigned in 1861, upon the outbreak of the Civil War, to enter the Union Army; was commissioned a captain in the Fifteenth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in April 1861; became major of the Thirty-sixth Regiment in September 1861; colonel of the Sixty-ninth Regiment in August 1862 and was appointed brigadier general in March 1865; returned to Richmond, Ind.; again elected a member of the State senate, in October 1864, and served until March 1867; mayor of the city of Richmond, Ind., in 1869 and 1870; in September 1871 was appointed Governor of the Territory of Idaho by President Grant and served until December 4, 1875, when he resigned, having been elected to Congress; presented credentials as an Independent Member-elect to the Forty-fourth Congress and served from March 4, 1875, to June 23, 1876, when he was succeeded by Stephen S. Fenn, who contested his election; was not a candidate for renomination in 1876; resumed the practice of law in Richmond, Ind.; again served as city mayor 1877-1883 and 1885-1887; died in Richmond, Wayne County, Ind., February 2, 1893; interment in Earlham Cemetery.

BENNETT, Wallace Foster (father of Robert Bennett), a Senator from Utah; born in Salt Lake City, Utah, November 13, 1898; attended the public schools and the University of Utah; during the First World War, served as a second lieutenant of Infantry; returned to the University of Utah and graduated in 1919; high school principal and later businessman and paint manufacturer; president, National Association of Manufacturers in 1949; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1950; reelected in 1956, 1962, and again in 1968 and served from January 3, 1951, until his resignation December 20, 1974; was not a candidate for reelection in 1974; resumed business pursuits; was a resident of Salt Lake City, Utah, until his death on December 19, 1993; interment at Salt Lake City Cemetery. Bibliography: Bennett, Wallace F. Faith and Freedom: The Pillars of American Democracy. New York: Scribner, 1950; Bennett, Wallace F. Why I Am A Mormon. New York: T. Nelson, 1958.

BENNY, Allan, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Brooklyn, N.Y., July 12, 1867; attended the public schools of Bayonne, Hudson County, N.J.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1889 and commenced practice in Bayonne; member of the city council 1892-1894; member of the State house of assembly 1898-1900; prosecuting attorney of Bayonne from 1900 to 1903, when he resigned, having been elected to Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftyeighth Congress (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1905); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1904 to the Fifty-ninth Congress; resumed the practice of his chosen profession; and was assistant librarian of the law library in the courthouse at Jersey City until his death; died in Bayonne, N.J., November 6, 1942; interment in Moravian Cemetery, Staten Island, N.Y.

BENSON, Alfred Washburn, a Senator from Kansas; born in Poland, Chautauqua County, N.Y., July 15, 1843; moved to Jamestown, N.Y., in 1860; attended Jamestown and Randolph Academies; during the Civil War enlisted in 1862 as a private in the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, and at the close of the war held a commission as major; studied law; admitted to the bar in Buffalo, N.Y., in 1866 and commenced practice in Sherman, N.Y.; moved to Ottawa, Franklin County, Kans., in 1869; held various local offices; member, State senate 1881-1885; judge of the fourth judicial district of Kansas 1885-1897; appointed as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Joseph R. Burton and served from June 11, 1906, to January 23, 1907, when a successor was elected; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1907 to fill this vacancy; appointed and subsequently elected associate justice of the supreme court of Kansas and served from 1907 to 1915, when he resigned; retired from public life; died in Topeka, Kans., January 1, 1916; interment in Highland Cemetery, Ottawa, Kans. Bibliography: Kansas. Supreme Court. ‘‘Proceedings in the Supreme Court in Memory of Alfred W. Benson.’’ Advance Sheets of the Kansas Reports 98 (June 1916): 1-5.

BENSON, Carville Dickinson, a Representative from Maryland; born near Halethorpe, Baltimore County, Md., August 24, 1872; attended the public schools of Baltimore, preparatory schools, and Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., in 1890; was graduated from the law department of Baltimore University in 1893; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Baltimore; member of the State house of representatives 1904-1910 and again in 1918, serving as speaker in 1906; member of the State senate 1912-1914; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Joshua F. C. Talbott; reelected to the Sixty-sixth Congress and served from November 5, 1918, to March 3, 1921; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920 to the Sixth-seventh Congress; resumed the practice of law in Baltimore, Md., and resided in Halethorpe, Md.; appointed State insurance commissioner of Maryland in 1924 and served until his death in Baltimore, Md., February 8, 1929; interment in Cedar Hill Cemetery, Brooklyn Station, Baltimore, Md.

BENSON, Egbert, a Delegate and a Representative from New York; born in New York City June 21, 1746; was graduated from Kings (now Columbia) College in 1765; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in New York City; deputy to the provincial convention in 1775; member of the council of safety in 1777 and 1778; in 1777 was appointed the first attorney general of New York and served until 1789; member of the State assembly 1777-1781 and again in 1788; in 1783 was appointed one of the three commissioners to direct the embarkation of the Tory refugees for the loyal British provinces; associate judge of the supreme court of New York 1784-1801; Member of the Continental Congress in 1784, 1787 and 1788; member of the State constitutional convention in 1788, which ratified the Federal Constitution; elected to the First and Second Congresses (March 4, 1789-March 3, 1793); regent of the New York University 1789-1802; appointed judge of the United States Circuit Court, second circuit, February 20, 1801; served as the first president of the New-York Historical Society from 1804 to 1816; elected as a Federalist to the Thirteenth Congress and served from March 4, 1813, to August 2, 1813, when he resigned; died in Jamaica, Long Island, N.Y., August 24, 1833; interment in Prospect Cemetery. Bibliography: Holt, Wythe, and David A. Nourse. Egbert Benson, First Chief Judge of the Second Circuit (1801-1802): Essays. New York: Second Circuit Committee on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution, 1987.

BENSON, Elmer Austin, a Senator from Minnesota; born in Appleton, Swift County, Minn., September 22, 1895; attended the public schools; graduated from the St. Paul (Minn.) College of Law in 1918; during the First World War served as a private in the United States Army 19181919; admitted to the bar but did not practice; engaged in banking and retail clothing business; State commissioner of securities in 1933 and State commissioner of banks 19331935; appointed on December 27, 1935, as a Farmer-Laborite to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas D. Schall and served from December 27, 1935, until November 3, 1936, when a successor was elected; was not a candidate for election to fill the vacancy; Governor of Minnesota 1937-1939; unsuccessful candidate in 1938 for reelection as Governor; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1940 and 1942; engaged in agriculture; died in Minneapolis, Minn., March 13, 1985; interment in Appleton Cemetery, Appleton, Minn. Bibliography: Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives; Benson, Elmer A. ‘‘Politics in My Lifetime.’’ Minnesota History 47 (Winter 1980): 154-60; Shields, James M. Mr. Progressive: A Biography of Elmer Austin Benson. Minneapolis: Denison, 1971.

BENSON, Samuel Page, a Representative from Maine, born in Winthrop, Maine, November 28, 1804; received instruction from private teachers and attended the Monmouth (Maine) Academy; was graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1825; studied law; was admitted to the Kennebec County bar in 1828 and commenced practice in Unity, Maine; returned to Winthrop and practiced law until 1850; railroad builder; secretary of the Androscoggin & Kennebec (later Maine Central) Railroad; member of the State house of representatives in 1833 and 1834; served in the State senate in 1836 and 1837; secretary of state 1838-1841; overseer of Bowdoin College 1838-1876 and president of the board for sixteen years; chairman of the board of selectmen 1844-1848; elected as a Whig to the Thirtythird Congress and as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1857); chairman, Committee on Naval Affairs (Thirty-fourth Congress); was not a candidate for reelection in 1856; resumed the practice of law; died in Yarmouth, Cumberland County, Maine, August 12, 1876; interment in Maple Cemetery, Winthrop, Maine.

BENTLEY, Alvin Morell, a Representative from Michigan; born in Portland, Maine, August 30, 1918; graduated from Southern Pines (N.C.) High School in 1934, Asheville (N.C.) Prep School in 1936, and the University of Michigan in 1940; attended Turner’s Diplomatic School, Washington, D.C., to qualify for diplomatic service; served as vice consul and secretary with the United States Diplomatic Corps in Mexico in May 1942, then going to Colombia, Hungary, and Italy; returned to Washington, D.C., March 15, 1950, for work in the State Department; resigned from the diplomatic service in 1950; returned to Owosso, Mich.; delegate to Republican State conventions in 1950, 1951, and 1952; vice president, Lake Huron Broadcasting Co., Saginaw, Mich., 1952; director of Mitchell-Bentley Corp.; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-third and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953-January 3, 1961); was not a candidate for renomination in 1960, but was unsuccessful for election to the United States Senate; unsuccessful candidate in 1962 for election to the Eighty-eighth Congress; appointed by Governor George Romney in 1966 to the board of regents of the University of Michigan, a position he held at the time of his death in Tucson, Ariz., April 10, 1969; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Owosso, Mich.

BENTLEY, Helen Delich, a Representative from Maryland; born in Ruth, White Pine County, Nev., November 28, 1923; attended the University of Nevada, and Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.; BA., University of Missouri, 1944; journalist; television producer; chair, Federal Maritime Commission, 1969-1975; international business consultant; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Ninetyseventh in 1980 and Ninety-eighth Congresses in 1982; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-ninth and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1985-January 3, 1995); was not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Fourth Congress in 1994, but was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination for Governor of Maryland; unsuccessful candidate for election to the One Hundred Eighth Congress in 2002.

BENTLEY, Henry Wilbur, a Representative from New York; born in DeRuyter, Madison County, N.Y., September 30, 1838; moved with his parents to Morrisville, N.Y.; attended Union School, Yates Polytechnic Institute at Chittenango, and Judd’s private school at Berkshire; taught school for several years; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1861 and commenced practice in Boonville, N.Y.; chairman of the Oneida County Building Commission; president of Boonville in 1874, 1889-1891, and 1899; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second Congress (March 4, 1891March 3, 1893); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1892 to the Fifty-third Congress; continued the practice of law in Boonville, Oneida County, N.Y., until his death there on January 27, 1907; interment in Boonville Cemetery.

BENTON, Charles Swan, a Representative from New York; born in Fryeburg, Oxford County, Maine, July 12, 1810; pursued preparatory studies; moved to Herkimer County, N.Y., in 1824 to live with an elder brother; attended Lowville Academy, Lowville, N.Y.; learned the tanner’s trade; editor of the Mohawk Courier and the Little Falls Gazette 1830-1832; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1835 and commenced practice at Little Falls, N.Y.; surrogate of Herkimer County in 1837; judge advocate of the State militia; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1847); was not a candidate for renomination in 1846; clerk of the court of appeals 1847-1849; moved to Milwaukee, Wis., in 1855 and subsequently became editor of the Milwaukee News; appointed by President Franklin Pierce in 1856 as register of the United States land office at La Crosse, Wis., and served until 1861; was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress; engaged in agricultural pursuits near West Salem, Wis., and later, in 1865, at Galesburg, Ill.; returned to La Crosse, Wis., in 1869; judge of La Crosse County 1874-1881; died in La Crosse, Wis., May 4, 1882; interment in Oak Grove Cemetery.

BENTON, Jacob, a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Waterford, Caledonia County, Vt., August 19, 1814; attended the common schools, Lyndon (Vt.) Academy, and Randolph (Vt.) Academy, and was graduated from Burr and Burton Seminary at Manchester in 1839; taught school for several years; moved to Lancaster, Coos County, N.H., in 1842; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Lancaster; member of the State house of representatives 1854-1856; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860; brigadier general, commanding State Volunteers; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1871); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1870; resumed the practice of law; died in Lancaster, Coos County, N.H., September 29, 1892; interment in the Summer Street Cemetery.

BENTON, Lemuel (great-grandfather of George William Dargan), a Representative from South Carolina; born in Granville County, N.C., in 1754; as a young man moved to that section of Cheraw District which is now Darlington County, S.C.; engaged as a planter and subsequently became an extensive landowner; elected major of the Cheraw Regiment in 1777 and served throughout the Revolutionary War, being promoted to the rank of colonel in 1781; resigned his commission in 1794; member of the State house of representatives 1782-1788; county court justice of Darlington County in 1785 and 1791; escheator of Cheraw District (composed of what is now Chesterfield, Darlington, and Marlboro Counties) in 1787; delegate to the State convention at Charleston that ratified the Federal Constitution in 1788; sheriff of Cheraw District in 1789 and 1791; delegate to the State constitutional convention at Columbia in 1790; elected to the Third Congress and reelected as a Republican to the Fourth and Fifth Congresses (March 4, 1793-March 3, 1799); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1798 to the Sixth Congress; resumed agricultural pursuits; died in Darlington, Darlington County, S.C., May 18, 1818; interment on his estate, ‘‘Stony Hill,’’ near Darlington, S.C.

BENTON, Maecenas Eason, a Representative from Missouri; born near Dyersburg, Obion County, Tenn., January 29, 1848; attended two west Tennessee academies and St. Louis University; was graduated from the law department of Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., in 1870; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Neosho, Newton County, Mo.; prosecuting attorney of Newton County 1878-1884; United States attorney from March 1885 to July 1889; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1896; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth, Fifty-seventh, and Fifty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1897-March 3, 1905); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1904 to the Fiftyninth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Neosho, Mo.; member of the State constitutional conventions in 1922 and 1924; died in Springfield, Greene County, Mo., April 27, 1924; interment in the Odd Fellows Cemetery, Neosho, Mo.

BENTON, Thomas Hart (father-in-law of John C. ´ Fremont; brother-in-law of James McDowell [1795-1851]), a Senator and a Representative from Missouri; born at Harts Mill, near Hillsboro, N.C., March 14, 1782; attended Chapel Hill College (University of North Carolina); admitted to the bar at Nashville, Tenn., in 1806 and commenced practice in Franklin, Williamson County, Tenn.; member, State senate 1809-1811; served as aide-de-camp to General Andrew Jackson; colonel of a regiment of Tennessee volunteers 1812-1813; lieutenant colonel of the Thirty-ninth United States Infantry 1813-1815; moved to St. Louis, Mo., where he edited the Missouri Inquirer and continued the practice of law; upon the admission of Missouri as a State into the Union, was elected in 1821 as a Democratic Republican (later Jacksonian and Democrat) to the United States Senate; reelected in 1827, 1833, 1839, and 1845 and served from August 10, 1821, to March 3, 1851; chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Eighteenth through Twentieth Congresses), Committee on Military Affairs (Twentieth through Twenty-sixth and Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses), Committee on Foreign Relations (Thirtieth Congress); author of the resolution to expunge from the Senate Journal the resolution of censure on Andrew Jackson; unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Senate in 1850; censure proceedings were initiated against Benton in 1850, arising from an incident of disorderly conduct on the Chamber floor, but the Senate took no action; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Thirty-third Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Congress and for Governor of Missouri in 1856; engaged in literary pursuits in Washington, D.C., until his death there on April 10, 1858; interment in Bellefontaine Cemetery, St. Louis, Mo. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Benton, Thomas H. Thirty Years View: Or A History of the American Government for Thirty Years From 1820-1850. 2 vols. 1854, 1856. Reprint. New York: Greenwood Press, 1968; Smith, Elbert B. Magnificent Missourian: Thomas Hart Benton. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1957.

BENTON, William, a Senator from Connecticut; born in Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn., April 1, 1900; attended Shattuck Military Academy, Faribault, Minn., and Carleton College, Northfield, Minn., in 1917 and 1918; graduated from Yale University in 1921; worked for advertising agencies in New York and Chicago until 1929 and then cofounded his own advertising agency in New York; moved to Norwalk, Conn., in 1932; part-time vice president of the University of Chicago 1937-1945; Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D.C., August 31, 1945, to September 30, 1947, during which time he was active in organizing the United Nations; member of and delegate to numerous United Nations and international conferences and commissions; chairman of the board and publisher of Encyclopedia Britannica 1943-1973; trustee of several schools and colleges; appointed to the United States Senate, December 17, 1949, and subsequently elected on November 7, 1950, as a Democrat to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Raymond E. Baldwin to the term ending January 3, 1953 and served from December 17, 1949, to January 3, 1953; unsuccessful candidate for election for the full term in 1952; United States Ambassador to UNESCO in Paris 1963-1968; died in New York City, March 18, 1973; cremated; ashes scattered at family estate, Southport, Conn. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Hyman, Sidney. The Lives of William Benton. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969; U.S. Congress. Memorial Addresses. 93rd Cong., 1st sess., 1973. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1973.

BENTSEN, Kenneth E., Jr. (nephew of Lloyd Millard Bentsen), a Representative from Texas; born in Houston, Harris County, Tex., June 3, 1959; graduated from Deerfield Academy, Deerfield, Mass., 1977; B.A., University of St. Thomas, Houston, Tex., 1982; M.P.A., American University, Washington, D.C., 1985; staff, United States Representative Ronald D. Coleman of Texas, 1983-1987; associate staff, United States House Committee on Appropriations, 19851987; investment banker; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1995-January 3, 2003); not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Eighth Congress in 2002, but was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate.

BENTSEN, Lloyd Millard, Jr. (uncle of Ken Bentsen), a Representative and a Senator from Texas; born in Mission, Tex., February 11, 1921; attended the public schools; graduated, University of Texas Law School at Austin 1942 and was admitted to the bar the same year; served in the United States Army 1942-1945; entered the private practice of law in McAllen, Tex., in 1945; county judge of Hidalgo County 1946-1948; elected in 1948 as a Democrat in to the Eightyfirst Congress and, at a special election on December 4, 1948, to fill the vacancy in the Eightieth Congress caused by the death of Milton H. West; reelected to the Eightysecond and Eighty-third Congresses and served from December 4, 1948, to January 3, 1955; was not a candidate for renomination in 1954; founded and operated a financial holding company in Texas; elected as a Democrat in 1970 to the United States Senate for the term commencing January 3, 1971; reelected in 1976, 1982, and 1988, and served until his resignation on January 20, 1993; unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 1976; chairman, Joint Economic Committee (Ninety-eighth Congress), Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (Ninety-eighth Congress), Committee on Finance (One Hundredth through One Hundred Second Congresses); Democratic candidate for Vice President of the United States 1988; Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet of President William Jefferson Clinton, 1993-1994; awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on August 11, 1999; is a resident of Washington, D.C. Bibliography: Collins, Michael L. ‘‘Lloyd Bentsen.’’ In Profiles in Power: Twentieth-Century Texans in Washington, edited by Kenneth E. Hendrickson, Jr. and Michael L. Collins. Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1993.

BERESFORD, Richard, a Delegate from South Carolina; born near Charleston, St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish, Berkeley County, S.C. (baptized June 3, 1755); educated in South Carolina and in England; studied law at the Middle Temple in London; lawyer, private practice; engaged in planting, with extensive estates in Berkeley and Colleton Counties, S.C., and in England; took an active part in the Revolution, serving under General Huger in the Georgia campaign in 1778, captured at the fall of Charleston in 1780 and imprisoned at St. Augustine until 1781, when he was exchanged; member of the South Carolina state house of representatives, 1781; elected by the South Carolina state general assembly a member of the privy council in 1782; elected Lieutenant Governor in January 1783, but resigned shortly afterward, having been elected to Congress; Member of the Continental Congress in 1783 and 1784; resumed planting; later engaged in literary pursuits; published the Vigil in Charleston in 1798; died in Charleston, S.C., February 6, 1803.

BEREUTER, Douglas Kent, a Representative from Nebraska; born in York, York County, Nebr., October 6, 1939; attended St. Paul’s Lutheran School, Utica, Nebr.; graduated from Utica High School, Utica, Nebr., 1957; B.A., University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebr., 1961; M.C.P., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1966; M.P.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1973; United States Army, 1963-1965; urban planner, United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1965-1966; division director, Nebraska Department of Economic Development, 1967-1968; director, Office of Planning and Programming, Nebr., 1968-1970; Federal-State Relations Coordinator for Nebraska state government, 1967-1970; member of the Nebraska Crime Commission, 1969-1971; member of the Nebraska unicameral legislative, 1975-1978; elected as a Republican to the Ninetysixth and to the twelve succeeding Congresses and served until his resignation on August 31, 2004 (January 3, 1979August 31, 2004).

BERGEN, Christopher Augustus, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Bridge Point, Somerset County, N.J., August 2, 1841; attended Harlingen School and Edge Hill Classical School and was graduated from Princeton College in 1863; studied law; was licensed by the supreme court of New Jersey in 1866 as an attorney and commenced practice in Camden, N.J.; licensed as a counselor in 1869; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-first and Fifty-second Congresses (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1893); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1892; resumed the practice of law; in 1903 moved to Haverford, Montgomery County, Pa., where he died on February 18, 1905; interment in Evergreen Cemetery, Camden, N.J.

BERGEN, John Teunis (second cousin of Teunis Garret Bergen), a Representative from New York; born in Gowanus, Brooklyn, N.Y., in 1786; completed preparatory studies; appointed a lieutenant in the New York State Militia in 1812 and promoted to captain in 1815; served in the War of 1812; sheriff of Kings County, N.Y., 1821-1825 and again from 1828 until 1831, when he resigned; purchased the Long Island Patriot in 1829, the name of which was subsequently changed to the Brooklyn Advocate, and which ultimately became the Brooklyn Daily Eagle; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second Congress (March 4, 1831-March 3, 1833); chairman, Committee on Accounts (Twenty-second Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1832; engaged in agricultural pursuits near Bay Ridge, New Utrecht, N.Y.; moved to Brooklyn, N.Y., and engaged in the grocery business; in 1837, with his sons, conducted a planing mill in New York City; moved to Genesee County and engaged in agricultural pursuits; died in Batavia, Genesee County, N.Y., on March 9, 1855; interment in Batavia Cemetery.

BERGEN, Teunis Garret (second cousin of John Teunis Bergen), a Representative from New York; born in Brooklyn, N.Y., October 6, 1806; attended the common schools and Erasmus Hall Academy, Flatbush, N.Y.; engaged in agricultural pursuits and surveying; supervisor of New Utrecht, Kings County, N.Y., 1836-1859; member of the State constitutional conventions in 1846, 1867, and 1868; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions at Baltimore and Charleston in 1860; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtyninth Congress (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1867); was not a candidate for renomination in 1866; resumed agricultural pursuits and surveying near New Utrecht; also engaged in literary and historical work; served as ensign, captain, adjutant, lieutenant colonel, and colonel of the Two Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, New York State Militia, known as Kings County Troop; died in Brooklyn, N.Y., April 24, 1881; interment in Greenwood Cemetery.

BERGER, Victor Luitpold, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Nieder Rebbach, Austria-Hungary, February 28, 1860; attended the Gymnasia at Leutschau and the universities at Budapest and Vienna; immigrated to the United States in 1878 with his parents, who settled near Bridgeport, Conn.; moved to Milwaukee, Wis., in 1880; taught school 1880-1890; editor of the Milwaukee Daily Vorwaerts 1892-1898; editor of the Wahrheit, the Social Democratic Herald, and the Milwaukee Leader, being publisher of the last named at the time of his death; delegate to the People’s Party Convention at St. Louis in 1896; one of the organizers of the Social Democracy in 1897 and of the Social Democratic Party in 1898, known since 1900 as the Socialist Party; unsuccessful candidate of the Socialist Party for election in 1904 to the Fifty-ninth Congress; elected a member of the charter convention of Milwaukee in 1907, and alderman at large in 1910; elected as a Socialist to the Sixtysecond Congress (March 4, 1911-March 3, 1913); presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Sixty-sixth Congress, but the House by a resolution adopted on November 10, 1919, declared him not entitled to take the oath of office as a Representative or to hold a seat as such; having been opposed to the entrance of the United States in the First World War and having written articles expressing his opinion on that question, he was indicted in various places in the Federal courts, tried at Chicago, found guilty, and sentenced by Judge Kenesaw M. Landis in February 1919 to serve twenty years in the Federal penitentiary; this judgment was reversed by the United States Supreme Court in 1921, whereupon the Government withdrew all cases against him in 1922; his election to the Sixty-sixth Congress was unsuccessfully contested by Joseph P. Carney and the seat was declared vacant; presented credentials as a Member-elect to fill the vacancy caused by the action of the House and on January 10, 1920, the House again decided that he was not entitled to a seat in the Sixty-sixth Congress and declined to permit him to take the oath or qualify as a Representative; Henry H. Bodenstab unsuccessfully contested this election, and on February 25, 1921, the House again declared the seat vacant; elected as a Socialist to the Sixty-eighth, Sixty-ninth, and Seventieth Congresses (March 4, 1923-March 3, 1929); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1928 to the Seventy-first Congress; resumed his editorial work; died in Milwaukee, Wis., August 7, 1929; interment in Forest Home Cemetery. Bibliography: Miller, Sally M. Victor Berger and the Promise of Constructive Socialism, 1910-1920. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1973.

BERGLAND, Robert Selmer, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Roseau, Roseau County, Minn., July 22, 1928; attended the Roseau public schools; University of Minnesota School of Agriculture, St. Paul, Minn., 1948; farmer; chairman, Minnesota Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation Service, March 1961-January 1963; midwest director, U.S. Department of Agriculture, January 1963-May 1968; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Ninety-first Congress in 1968; elected as a Democrat to the Ninetysecond and to the three succeeding Congresses, until his resignation on January 22, 1977, (January 3, 1971-January 22, 1977); Secretary of Agriculture, 1977-1981; president, Farmland World Trade, March 1981-September 1982; vice president and general manager, National Rural Electric Cooperatives Association, Washington, D.C., 1982-1993; is a resident of Annandale, Va.

BERKLEY, Shelley, a Representative from Nevada; born Rochelle Levine in New York, N.Y., January 20, 1951; graduated from Valley High School, Las Vegas, Nev.; B.A., University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1972; J.D., University of San Diego Law School, San Diego, Calif., 1976; member of the Nevada state assembly, 1983-1985; member of the Nevada University and Community College System Board of Regents, 1990-1998; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Sixth and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1999-present).

BERLIN, William Markle, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born on a farm near Delmont, Westmoreland County, Pa., March 29, 1880; attended the public schools; was graduated from Laird Institute at Murrysville, Pa., in 1896; moved to Greensburg, Pa., in 1916 and engaged as an automobile distributor, in the wholesale oil and gas business, and in coal mining; chairman of the Democratic County Committee in 1916; elected as a Democrat to the Seventythird and Seventy-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1937); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1936; clerk of the court of Westmoreland County, Pa., 19371941; resumed the mining of coal in Pennsylvania and West Virginia in 1941; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in 1944; unsuccessful for the Republican congressional nomination in 1950; assistant librarian, United States House of Representatives, February 1, 1957, until 1961 when promoted to librarian, and served in that capacity until his death in Greensburg, Pa., October 14, 1962; interment in Westmoreland County Memorial Park.

BERMAN, Howard Lawrence, a Representative from California; born in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Calif., April 15, 1941; graduated from Hamilton High School, Los Angeles, Calif., 1959; B.A., University of California, Los Angeles, Calif., 1962; LL.B., University of California School of Law, Los Angeles, Calif., 1965; lawyer, private practice;

VISTA volunteer, 1966-1967; member of the California state assembly, 1973-1982; delegate, Democratic National Convention, 1968, 1976, and 1984; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-eighth and to the ten succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1983-present).

BERNARD, John Toussaint, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Bastia, Island of Corsica, France, March 6, 1893; in 1907 immigrated to the United States with his parents, who settled in Eveleth, St. Louis County, Minn.; attended public schools in France and in Eveleth, Minn.; employed as an iron-ore miner 1910-1917 and as city fireman 1920-1936; served in the United States Army during the First World War as a corporal in the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Field Artillery, and also as a civilian employee in the Army and Navy Intelligence 1917-1919, serving overseas fifteen months; delegate to the State Farmer-Labor Party conventions in 1936, 1938, and 1940; elected as a Farmer-Labor candidate to the Seventy-fifth Congress (January 3, 1937-January 3, 1939); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress and for election in 1940 to the Seventy-seventh Congress; engaged as a labor organizer, legislative director and civil rights activist; moved to Long Beach, Calif., where he lived until his death there on August 6, 1983.

BERNHISEL, John Milton, a Delegate from the Territory of Utah; born at Sandy Hill, Tyrone Township, near Harrisburg, Cumberland County, Pa., July 23, 1799; attended the common schools; was graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia; commenced the practice of medicine in New York City; moved to Nauvoo, Hancock County, Ill., in 1843, and thence to the Territory of Utah; settled in Salt Lake City in 1848 and continued the practice of medicine; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1859); was not a candidate for renomination in 1858; resumed the practice of medicine; elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1861March 3, 1863); was not a candidate for renomination in 1862; resumed the practice of his profession; served as regent of the University of Utah; died in Salt Lake City September 28, 1881; interment in Salt Lake City Cemetery. Bibliography: Barrett, Gwynn W. ‘‘Dr. John M. Bernhisel: Mormon Elder in Congress.’’ Utah Historical Quarterly 36 (Spring 1968): 143-67.

BERRIEN, John Macpherson, a Senator from Georgia; born at Rocky Hill, near Princeton, N.J., August 23, 1781; moved with his parents to Savannah, Ga., in 1782; graduated from Princeton College in 1796; studied law in Savannah; admitted to the bar and began practice in Louisville, then the capital of Georgia, in 1799; returned to Savannah; elected solicitor of the eastern judicial circuit of Georgia in 1809; judge of the same circuit from 1810 until January 30, 1821, when he resigned; captain of the Georgia Hussars, a Savannah volunteer company, in the War of 1812; member, State senate 1822-1823; elected as a Jacksonian to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1825, until March 9, 1829; resigned to accept the position of Attorney General in the Cabinet of President Andrew Jackson and served from March 9, 1829, until June 22, 1831, when he resigned; resumed the practice of law; again elected, as a Whig, to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1841, until May 1845, when he again resigned to accept an appointment to the supreme court of Georgia; again elected in 1845 to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by his second resignation; reelected in 1846 and served from November 13, 1845, until May 28, 1852, when he resigned for the third time; chairman, Committee on Judiciary (Twentieth, Twenty-sixth, and Twenty-seventh Congresses); president of the American Party convention at Milledgeville in 1855; died in Savannah, Ga., January 1, 1856; interment in Laurel Grove Cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Govan, Thomas P. ‘‘John Macpherson Berrien and the Administration of Andrew Jackson.’’ Journal of Southern History 5 (November 1939): 447-67; McCrary, Royce, Jr. ‘‘John Macpherson Berrien of Georgia: A Political Biography.’’ Ph.D. dissertation, University of Georgia, 1971.

BERRY, Albert Seaton, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Fairfield (now Dayton), Campbell County, Ky., May 13, 1836; attended the public schools; was graduated from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, in 1855 and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1858; was admitted to the bar and practiced; prosecuting attorney of Newport, Ky., in 1859; served in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War; mayor of Newport in 1870 and served five terms; member of the State senate in 1878 and 1884; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-third and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1901); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1900; resumed the practice of law; appointed and subsequently elected judge of the seventeenth judicial district of Kentucky and served from 1905 until his death in Newport, Campbell County, Ky., January 6, 1908; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

BERRY, Campbell Polson (cousin of James Henderson Berry), a Representative from California; born in Jackson County, Ala., November 7, 1834; moved to Arkansas in 1841 with his parents, who settled in Berryville; attended the grammar school; moved to California in 1857 and settled near Yuba City; was graduated from the Pacific Methodist College, Vacaville, Solano County, Calif., in 1865; served as supervisor of Sutter County 1866-1869; engaged in agricultural pursuits and for a short time, in 1872, was also in the mercantile business; member of the State assembly in 1869, 1871, 1873, 1875, 1877, and 1878, serving as speaker in 1877 and 1878; elected as a Democrat to the Fortysixth and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1883); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1882; subtreasurer of the United States at San Francisco, Calif., 1894-1898; died in Wheatland, Yuba County, Calif., on January 8, 1901; interment in Fairview Cemetery, Sutter County, Calif.

BERRY, Ellis Yarnal, a Representative from South Dakota; born in Larchwood, Lyon County, Iowa, October 6, 1902; attended Philip (S.Dak.) High School; student in Morningside College, Sioux City, Iowa, 1920-1922; was graduated from the law school of the University of South Dakota at Vermillion in 1927; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced the practice of law in Kennebec, Lyman County, S.Dak., and at McLaughlin, Corson County, in 1929; served as State’s attorney, mayor of McLaughlin, and judge of Probate Court, Corson County, 1931-1939; publisher of the McLaughlin Messenger since 1938, McIntosh News and Morristown World since 1952; delegate to State Republican Conventions in 1934, 1936, and 1938; editor of the State Bar Association Journal 1938-1950; member of the State senate in 1939 and 1941 legislative sessions, and legislative assistant to the Governor during the 1943 session; member of the Missouri River States Committee, 19401943; member of the State Board of Regents of Education, 1946-1950; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second and to the nine succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1951-January 3, 1971); was not a candidate for reelection in 1970 to the Ninety-second Congress; was a resident of Rapid City, S.Dak., until his death there on April 1, 1999.

BERRY, George Leonard, a Senator from Tennessee; born in Lee Valley, Hawkins County, Tenn., September 12, 1882; attended the common schools; employed as a pressman from 1891 to 1907 in various cities; served during the First World War in the American Expeditionary Forces, with the rank of major, in the Railroad Transportation Engineers 1918-1919; president of the International Pressmen and Assistants’ Union of North America 1907-1948; also engaged in agricultural pursuits and banking; delegate to many national and international labor conventions; appointed on May 6, 1937, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Nathan L. Bachman and served from May 6, 1937, to November 8, 1938, when a successor was elected; unsuccessful candidate for nomination in 1938 to fill the vacancy; resumed the presidency of the International Pressmen and Assistants’ Union of North America, and also his agricultural pursuits at Pressmen’s Home, Tenn., until his death on December 4, 1948; interment in Pressmen’s Home Cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Spencer, Thomas T. ″Printer and Politician: The Political Career of George L. Berry, 19071948. Tennessee Historical Quarterly (Fall 1997): 213-229; Berry, George L. Labor Conditions Abroad. Rogersville, TN: Technical Trade School, Printing Pressman and Assistants’ Union, 1913.

BERRY, James Henderson (cousin of Campbell Polson Berry), a Senator from Arkansas; born in Jackson County, Ala., May 15, 1841; moved to Arkansas with his parents, who settled in Carroll County in 1848; attended a private school in Berryville, Ark.; entered the Confederate Army in 1861 as a second lieutenant, Sixteenth Regiment, Arkansas Infantry; lost a leg in the Battle of Corinth, Miss., in 1862; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1866 and commenced practice in Berryville, Carroll County, Ark.; elected to the State house of representatives in 1866; reelected in 1872, and served as speaker in 1874; moved to Bentonville, Ark., in 1869 and continued the practice of law; chairman of the Democratic State convention in 1876; judge of the circuit court 1878-1882; elected Governor of Arkansas in 1882; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1885 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Augustus H. Garland; reelected in 1889, 1895, and 1901, and served from March 20, 1885, to March 3, 1907; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1906; chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Fifty-third Congress), Committee on Engrossed Bills (Fifty-ninth Congress); died in Bentonville, Benton County, Ark., January 30, 1913; interment in the Knights of Pythias Cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Berry, James. An Autobiography of James Berry. Bentonville, Ark.: Democrat Press, 1913; Mulhollan, Paige E. ‘‘The Issues of the Davis-Berry Senatorial Campaign in 1906.’’ Arkansas Historical Quarterly 20 (Summer 1961): 118-25.

BERRY, John, a Representative from Ohio; born near Carey, in that portion of Crawford County which is now Wyandot County, Ohio, April 26, 1833; attended the public schools, and Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware; was graduated from the law department of Cincinnati College, Ohio, in 1857; was admitted to the bar in April 1857 and commenced practice in Upper Sandusky; elected prosecuting attorney of Wyandot County in 1862; reelected in 1864; mayor of Upper Sandusky, Ohio, in 1864; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1874; resumed the practice of law in Upper Sandusky, Ohio, where he died May 18, 1879; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, near Upper Sandusky, Ohio.

BERRY, Robert Marion, a Representative from Arkansas; born in Stuttgart, Arkansas County, Ark., August 27, 1942; graduated from DeWitt High School, DeWitt, Ark.; B.S., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1965; farmer; Gillett, Ark., city council, 1976-1980; Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission, 1986-1994; White House Domestic Policy Council, 1993-1996; special assistant to President William Clinton for Agricultural Trade and Food Assistance, 1993-1996; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Fifth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1997-present).

BESHLIN, Earl Hanley, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Conewango Township, Warren County, Pa., April 28, 1870; graduated from Warren High School, Warren, Pa.; lawyer, private practice; elected burgess of Warren County, 1906-1909; borough solicitor of Warren County, Pa., 1914-1918; elected as a Democrat and Prohibitionist to the Sixty-fifth Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Representative Orrin D. Bleakley (November 6, 1917-March 3, 1919); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Sixty-sixth Congress in 1918; member and later chairman, Board of Education, Warren County, Pa., 1919-1935; hospital executive; died on July 12, 1971, in Warren, Pa.; interment in Oakland Mausoleum.

BETHUNE, Edwin Ruthvin, Jr., a Representative from Arkansas; born in Pocahontas, Randolph County, Ark., December 19, 1935; graduated from Pocahontas High School, Pocahontus, Ark., 1953; B.A., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark., 1961; J.D., University of Arkansas School of Law, 1963; admitted to the Arkansas Bar in 1963 and commenced practice in Pocahontas; lawyer, private practice; admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court, 1972; United States Marine Corps, sergeant, 19541957, with service in Korea; deputy prosecuting attorney, Randolph County, Ark., 1963-1964; special agent, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1964-1968; prosecuting attorney, first judicial district of Arkansas, 1970-1971; chairman, Ninth District Federal Home Loan Bank Board, 1973-1976; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-sixth and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1979-January 3, 1985); was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-ninth Congress in 1984, but was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate; resumed the practice of law; is a resident of West River, Md.

BETHUNE, Lauchlin, a Representative from North Carolina; born near Fayetteville, Cumberland County, N.C., April 15, 1785; attended private schools and Lumberton (N.C.) Male Academy; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State senate in 1817, 1818, 1822-1825, and 1827; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second Congress (March 4, 1831-March 3, 1833); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twentyfifth Congresses; returned to his plantation near Fayetteville, N.C., and continued agricultural pursuits until his death on October 10, 1874; interment in the Presbyterian Cemetery, Aberdeen, Moore County, N.C.

BETHUNE, Marion, a Representative from Georgia; born near Greensboro, Greene County, Ga., April 8, 1816; attended private schools and De Hagan’s Academy; moved with his widowed mother to Talbotton, Talbot County, Ga., in 1829; engaged in mercantile pursuits; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice at Talbotton; probate judge of Talbot County from 1852 to 1868, when he voluntarily retired; member of the constitutional convention of Georgia at the time of the repeal of the ordinance of secession; member of the State house of representatives 1867-1871; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the House declaring that William P. Edwards was not entitled to the seat and served from December 22, 1870, to March 3, 1871; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1870 to the Fortysecond Congress; resumed the practice of law; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; United States census supervisor in 1890; died in Talbotton, Ga., February 20, 1895; interment in Oakhill Cemetery.

BETTON, Silas, a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Londonderry, N.H., August 26, 1768; studied under a private tutor, and was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1787; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Salem, Rockingham County, N.H., in 1790; member of the State house of representatives 1797-1799; member of the State senate 1801-1803; elected as a Federalist to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses (March 4, 1803-March 3, 1807); resumed the practice of law; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1810 and 1811; served as high sheriff of Rockingham County 1813-1818; died in Salem, N.H., January 22, 1822; interment in Old Parish Cemetery, Center Village, Salem, N.H.

BETTS, Jackson Edward, a Representative from Ohio; born in Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio, May 26, 1904; attended the public schools of Findlay, Ohio; graduated from Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, in 1926, and from Yale Law School, New Haven, Conn., in 1929; was admitted to the bar in 1930, and commenced the practice of law in Findlay, Ohio; prosecuting attorney of Hancock County, Ohio, 1933-1937; member of the State house of representatives 1937-1947, serving as speaker in 1945 and 1946; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second and to the ten succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1951-January 3, 1973); was not a candidate in 1972 for reelection to the Ninetythird Congress; part-time teacher at Findlay College, 19731983; acting judge, Findlay Municipal Court, 1981 to 1989; was a resident of Findlay, Ohio, until his death there on August 13, 1993.

BETTS, Samuel Rossiter, a Representative from New York; born in Richmond, Berkshire County, Mass., June 8, 1787; was graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., in 1806; studied law in Hudson, N.Y.; was admitted to the bar in 1807 and commenced practice in Monticello, Sullivan County, N.Y.; served as judge advocate of Volunteers in the War of 1812; elected as a Republican to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1817); was not a candidate for renomination in 1816; moved to Newburgh, Orange County, N.Y., where he continued the practice of law; appointed circuit judge under the new State constitution in 1823; appointed and subsequently elected judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and served from 1826 until 1867, when he resigned; died in New Haven, Conn., November 2, 1868; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery, New York City.

BETTS, Thaddeus, a Senator from Connecticut; born in Norwalk, Conn., February 4, 1789; completed preparatory studies; was graduated from Yale College in 1807; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1810 and commenced practice in Norwalk; member, State house of representatives in 1815 and 1830; member, State senate 1831; elected lieutenant governor of Connecticut in 1832 and 1836; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1839, until his death in Washington, D.C., April 7, 1840; interment in Union Cemetery, Norwalk, Conn.

BEVERIDGE, Albert Jeremiah, a Senator from Indiana; born near Sugar Tree Ridge, Concord Township, Highland County, Ohio, October 6, 1862; attended the common schools; graduated from Indiana Asbury (now DePauw) University, Greencastle, Ind., in 1885; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1887 and commenced practice in Indianapolis, Ind.; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate on January 17, 1899, reelected in 1905, and served from March 4, 1899, until March 3, 1911; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1910; chairman, Committee on Forest Reservations and Game Protection (Fifty-sixth Congress), Committee on Territories (Fifty-seventh through Sixty-first Congresses), Committee on Indian Depredations (Fifty-ninth Congress); returned to Indianapolis and engaged in literary and historical pursuits; unsuccessful Progressive candidate for Governor of Indiana in 1912; chairman of the National Progressive Convention at Chicago in 1912; unsuccessful candidate as a Progressive in 1914 and as a Republican in 1922 for election to the United States Senate; died in Indianapolis, Ind., April 27, 1927; interment in Crown Hill Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Bowers, Claude. Beveridge and the Progressive Era. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Company, 1932; Braeman, John. Albert J. Beveridge: American Nationalist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.

BEVERIDGE, John Lourie, a Representative from Illinois; born in Greenwich, Washington County, N.Y., July 6, 1824; attended the public schools; moved with his parents to De Kalb, Ill., in 1842; attended the Rock River Seminary, Mount Morris, Ill.; moved to Tennessee in 1845 and taught school until 1851; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; moved to Sycamore, Ill., in 1851 and continued the practice of law; moved to Evanston in 1854 and practiced law in Chicago; during the Civil War served in the Union Army; appointed major of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry September 18, 1861; colonel of the Seventeenth Illinois Cavalry January 28, 1864; brevetted brigadier general and mustered out February 7, 1866; elected sheriff of Cook County, Ill., in 1866; member of the State senate in 1871; resigned, having been elected as a Republican to the Fortysecond Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John A. Logan and served from November 7, 1871, until January 4, 1873, when he resigned; elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois in 1872 and upon the resignation of Gov. R. J. Oglesby in 1873 became Governor and served from January 23, 1873, to January 1877; United States subtreasurer at Chicago 1877-1881; moved to California in 1895 and resided in Hollywood, until his death on May 3, 1910; interment in Rose Hill Cemetery, Chicago, Ill.

BEVILL, Tom, a Representative from Alabama; born in Townley, Walker County, Ala., March 27, 1921; graduated from Walker County High School in 1939; graduated from University of Alabama School of Commerce and Business Administration in 1943; graduated from University of Alabama School of Law in 1948; entered United States Army in 1943; served in European theater of operations; retired lieutenant colonel, United States Army; practiced law in Jasper, Ala.; elected to the State house of representatives in 1958 and reelected in 1962; elected as a Democrat to the Ninetieth and to the fourteen succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1967-January 3, 1997); was not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Fifth Congress.

BIAGGI, Mario, a Representative from New York; born in New York City October 26, 1917; graduated from P.S. 171 and Harren High School, New York City; LL.B., New York Law School, 1963; admitted to the bar of the State of New York; senior partner of Biaggi, Ehrich & Lang, New York City; served as community relations specialist with the New York State Division of Housing and assistant to the secretary of state, New York State, 1961-1965; member of the New York City Police Department, 1942-1965; retired on line of duty disability as lieutenant; holds police department’s medal of honor plus twenty-seven other decorations; also holds Medal of Honor for Valor from National Police Officers Association of America, and is included in Association’s Hall of Fame; elected president, National Police Officers Association of America, 1967; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-first and to the nine succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1969, until his resignation August 5, 1988; unsuccessful candidate in 1992 for nomination to the One Hundred Third Congress; is a resident of the Bronx, N.Y.

BIBB, George Mortimer, a Senator from Kentucky; born in Prince Edward County, Va., October 30, 1776; pursued preparatory studies; graduated from Hampden-Sidney (Va.) College and from William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va., in 1792; studied law; admitted to the bar and practiced for a short time in Virginia; moved to Lexington, Ky., in 1798; elected to the State house of representatives in 1806, 1810, and 1817; appointed judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals 1808; chief justice of that court 1809-1810, when he resigned; elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1811, to August 23, 1814, when he resigned; resumed the practice of law in Lexington; moved to Frankfort in 1816; was again appointed chief justice of the court of appeals 1827-1828, when he again resigned; elected to the United States Senate as a Jacksonian and served from March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1835; chairman, Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Twenty-first Congress); chancellor of the Louisville chancery court 1835-1844; appointed Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet of President John Tyler 1844-1845; resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C., and was an assistant in the office of the Attorney General; died in Georgetown, D.C., April 14, 1859; buried in Congressional Cemetery, but removed from that location on June 18, 1859; final interment location unknown. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Goff, John. ‘‘The Last Leaf: George Mortimer Bibb.’’ Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 59 (1961): 331-42.

BIBB, William Wyatt, a Representative and a Senator from Georgia; born in Amelia County, Va., October 2, 1781; pursued an academic course; attended William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va., and graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1801; moved to Petersburg, Elbert County, Ga., and began the practice of medicine; member, State house of representatives 1803-1805; resumed the practice of medicine; elected as a Democratic Republican to the Ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Thomas Spalding; reelected to the Tenth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from January 26, 1807, until his resignation November 6, 1813, having been elected Senator; elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William H. Crawford and served from November 6, 1813, to November 9, 1816, when he resigned; moved to Alabama Territory and was appointed the first Territorial Governor; elected as the first Governor under the State Constitution and served from March 1817 until his death near Coosada Station, Elmore County, Ala., July 9, 1820; interment in the family cemetery, Coosada Station, Ala. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Mellichamp, Josephine. ‘‘William Bibb.’’ In Senators From GeorgiaHuntsville, Ala.: Strode Publishers, 1976, . pp. 72-74; Bibb, William Wyatt. In Inquiry into the Modus Operandi of Medicines Upon the Human Body. Philadelphia: Carr Smith, 1801.

BIBIGHAUS, Thomas Marshal, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 17, 1817; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1839 and commenced practice in Lebanon, Pa.; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1853); was not a candidate for renomination in 1852 to the Thirty-third Congress owing to ill health; resumed the practice of law in Lebanon, Lebanon County, Pa., and died there June 18, 1853; interment in Mount Lebanon Cemetery.

BIBLE, Alan Harvey, a Senator from Nevada; born in Lovelock, Pershing County, Nev., November 20, 1909; graduated from the University of Nevada at Reno in 1930 and from Georgetown University Law School, Washington, D.C., in 1934; admitted to the Nevada bar in 1935 and commenced the practice of law in Reno, Nev.; district attorney of Storey County 1935-1938; appointed deputy attorney general of Nevada in 1938; State attorney 1942-1950; resumed private practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate, November 2, 1954, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Patrick A. McCarran for the term ending January 3, 1957; reelected in 1956, 1962, and again in 1968 and served from December 2, 1954, until his resignation December 17, 1974; was not a candidate for reelection in 1974; chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Eightyfifth through Ninetieth Congresses), Joint Committee on Washington Metropolitan Problems (Eighty-fifth and Eightysixth Congresses), Select Committee on Small Business (Ninety-first through Ninety-third Congresses); resumed the practice of law; died in Auburn, Ca., September 12, 1988; interment in Masonic Memorial Gardens Cemetery, Reno, Nev. Bibliography: American National Biography; Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives; Elliott, Gary E. Senator Alan Bible and the Politics of the New West. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1994.

BICKNELL, Bennet, a Representative from New York; born in Mansfield, Conn., November 14, 1781; attended the public schools; moved to Morrisville, N.Y., in 1808; served in the War of 1812; member of the State assembly in 1812; served in the State senate 1814-1818; clerk of Madison County, N.Y., 1821-1825; editor of the Madison Observer; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1839); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1838 to the Twenty-sixth Congress; died in Morrisville, Madison County, N.Y., September 15, 1841; interment in Morrisville Rural Cemetery.

BICKNELL, George Augustus, a Representative from Indiana; born in Philadelphia, Pa., February 6, 1815; was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1831; attended Yale Law School one year; completed the study of law; was admitted to the bar in 1836 and commenced practice in New York City; moved to Lexington, Scott County, Ind., in 1846; elected prosecuting attorney of Scott County in 1848; circuit prosecutor in 1850; moved to New Albany in 1851; judge of the second judicial circuit of Indiana 1852-1876; professor of law at the University of Indiana 1861-1870; elected as a Democrat to the Fortyfifth and Forty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1881); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1880; appointed commissioner of appeals in the supreme court of Indiana in 1881, which office he held until the completion of its work in 1885; resumed the practice of law; elected judge of the circuit court of Indiana in 1889 and held that office until his death, April 11, 1891, in New Albany, Floyd County, Ind.; interment in Fairview Cemetery.

BIDDLE, Charles John (nephew of Richard Biddle), a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 30, 1819; was graduated from Princeton College in 1837; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Philadelphia in 1840; served in the Mexican War and was brevetted major for meritorious services; resumed the practice of law in Philadelphia; entered the Union Army in 1861 as colonel of a regiment of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtyseventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of E. Joy Morris and served from July 2, 1861, to March 3, 1863; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress; chairman of the Democratic State central committee in 1863; one of the proprietors and editor in chief of the Philadelphia Age until his death in Philadelphia September 28, 1873; interment in Old St. Peter’s Church Cemetery.

BIDDLE, Edward (uncle of Richard Biddle), a Delegate from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1738; entered the provincial army as an ensign in 1754, promoted to lieutenant and captain, and served until 1763, when he resigned; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Reading, Pa.; member of the State assembly 1767-1775, serving as speaker in 1774; member of the provincial convention held at Philadelphia in 1775; again a member of the State assembly in 1778; Member of the Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775; died at Chatsworth, near Baltimore, Md., September 5, 1779; interment in St. Paul’s Churchyard, Baltimore, Md.

BIDDLE, John, a Delegate from the Territory of Michigan; born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 2, 1792; attended the common schools and Princeton College; enlisted in the War of 1812; appointed a second lieutenant in the Third Artillery July 6, 1812, first lieutenant March 13, 1813, and captain in the Forty-second Infantry October 1, 1813; assistant inspector general with the rank of major, June 19, 1817June 1, 1821; attached to the staff of General Scott on the Niagara frontier; paymaster and Indian agent at Green Bay, Wis., 1821 and 1822; register of the land at Detroit, Territory of Michigan, 1823-1837; commissioner for determining the ancient land claims at Detroit, Mackinaw, Sault Ste. Marie, Green Bay, and Prairie du Chien; mayor of Detroit in 1827 and 1828; elected a Delegate from the Territory of Michigan to the Twenty-first Congress and served until his resignation on February 21, 1831 (March 4, 1829-February 21, 1831); president of the convention that framed the State constitution for Michigan, 1835; president of the Michigan Central Railroad Co., 1835; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1835; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Michigan; member of the State house of representatives in 1841 and served as speaker; retired from public life and active pursuits and resided on his farm near Wyandotte, Mich.; later spent much time on his estate near St. Louis, Gratiot County, Mich.; went to White Sulphur Springs, Va., for the summer, and died there August 25, 1859; interment in Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.

BIDDLE, Joseph Franklin, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near Bedford, Bedford County, Pa., September 14, 1871; educated in the public schools; was graduated from Millersville State Teachers’ College at Millersville, Pa., in 1894 and from the law department of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1897; was admitted to the bar in 1897 and commenced practice in Bedford, Pa.; moved to Everett, Pa., in 1903 and engaged in the practice of law and in newspaper publishing; moved to Huntingdon, Pa., in 1918 and engaged in the printing and publishing business and in banking; member of the Pennsylvania Publishers’ Association 1924-1936; director of the National Editorial Association 1926-1936; member of the Republican State committee 19321936; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-second Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edward M. Beers and served from November 8, 1932, to March 3, 1933; was not a candidate for election to the Seventythird Congress in 1932; resumed the printing and newspaper publishing business in Huntingdon, Pa., where he died on December 3, 1936; interment in Trinity Churchyard, Friends’ Cove, near Bedford, Pa.

BIDDLE, Richard (nephew of Edward Biddle and uncle of Charles John Biddle), a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 25, 1796; pursued classical studies; was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1811; served as a volunteer in the Washington Guards during the War of 1812; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia in 1817 and commenced practice in Pittsburgh the same year; went to England in 1827, remained there three years, and published works upon American discovery and travel; elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-fifth and Twentysixth Congresses and served from March 4, 1837, until his resignation in 1840; resumed the practice of law in Pittsburgh, Pa., where he died on July 6, 1847; interment in Allegheny Cemetery.

BIDEN, Joseph Robinette, Jr., a Senator from Delaware; born in Scranton, Lackawanna County, Pa., November 20, 1942; educated at St. Helena’s School, Wilmington, Del., and Archmere Academy, Claymont, Del.; graduated, University of Delaware, Newark, 1965, and Syracuse (N.Y.) University College of Law 1968; admitted to the Delaware bar in 1969 and commenced practice in Wilmington; served on the New Castle County Council 1970-1972; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1972 and reelected in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, and again in 2002 for the term ending January 3, 2009; chair, Committee on the Judiciary (1987-1995), Committee on Foreign Relations (January 320, 2001; June 6, 2001-January 3, 2003).

BIDLACK, Benjamin Alden, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Paris, Oneida County, N.Y., September 8, 1804; moved to Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; attended the public schools; was graduated from the Wilkes-Barre Academy; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1825 and commenced practice in Wilkes-Barre; elected district attorney of Luzerne County in 1825; moved to Milford, Pike County, Pa., in 1830; county treasurer in 1834; returned to Wilkes-Barre; elected a member of the State house of representatives in 1835 and 1836; editor of the Republican Farmer and the Democratic Journal, Wilkes-Barre; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1845); appointed ´ Charge d’Affaires to Colombia May 14, 1845; successfully negotiated a ‘‘treaty of peace, amity, and navigation’’ with Colombia and secured for the United States the right to build a canal or railroad across the Isthmus of Panama; died in Bogota, Colombia, February 6, 1849; interment in the English Cemetery.

BIDWELL, Barnabas, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Tyringham (now Monterey), Mass., August 23, 1763; was graduated from Yale College in 1785; studied law at Brown University, Providence, R.I.; was admitted to the bar in 1805 and commenced practice in Stockbridge, Mass.; served in the State senate 1801-1804; member of the State house of representatives 1805-1807; elected as a Republican to the Ninth and Tenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1805, until his resignation on July 13, 1807; attorney general of Massachusetts from June 15, 1807, to August 30, 1810; moved to Canada about 1815 and settled near Kingston; became interested in political affairs and engaged in the practice of law; died in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, July 27, 1833; interment in Cataraqui Cemetery, Cataraqui, Ontario.

BIDWELL, John, a Representative from California; born in Chautauqua County, N.Y., August 5, 1819; moved with his parents to Erie, Pa., in 1829 and to Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 1831; attended the country schools and Kingsville Academy, Ashtabula, Ohio; taught school in Ohio; spent two years in Missouri and taught school; crossed the Rockies and Sierras with the first overland expedition, arriving in the Sacramento Valley, California, on November 4, 1841; secured employment on the ranch of John A. Sutter; later engaged in mining; served in the War with Mexico, attaining the rank of major; member of the State senate in 1849; supervisor in California of the United States census in 1850 and in 1860; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Charleston in 1860; was appointed brigadier general of the California Militia in 1863; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1864; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1867); chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Thirty-ninth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1866; engaged extensively in agricultural pursuits; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of California in 1875 on the Anti-Monopoly ticket; presided over the Prohibition State convention in 1888 and was the unsuccessful candidate of that party for Governor of California in 1890 and for President of the United States in 1892; died in Chico, Butte County, Calif., April 4, 1900; interment in Chico Cemetery. Bibliography: Benjamin, Marcus. John Bidwell, Pioneer: A Sketch of His Career. Washington: N.p., 1907; Royce, C. C. John Bidwell; Pioneer Statesman, Philanthropist: A Biographical Sketch. Chico, California, 1906.

BIEMILLER, Andrew John, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Sandusky, Erie County, Ohio, July 23, 1906; attended the public schools; was graduated from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., A.B., 1926, and also took graduate work at the University of Pennsylvania; taught history at Syracuse (N.Y.) University 1926-1928 and at the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia 1929-1931; moved to Milwaukee, Wis., in 1932; organizer from the Wisconsin State Federation of Labor (A. F. of L.); member of the State assembly 1937-1941, serving as party floor leader 1939-1941; assistant to the vice chairman for labor production, War Production Board, Washington, D.C., 1941-1944; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth Congress (January 3, 1945January 3, 1947); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress; engaged as a public relations counselor; delegate, Democratic National Convention in 1948; elected to the Eighty-first Congress (January 3, 1949-January 3, 1951); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1950 to the Eighty-second Congress; special assistant to the Secretary of the Interior, 1951-1952; public relations counselor and lobbyist for the AFL-CIO, Washington, D.C., 1953-1979; resided in Bethesda, Md. until his death there on April 3, 1982; interment in Ellicott Family Cemetery, Ellicott, Md.

BIERMANN, Frederick Elliott, a Representative from Iowa; born in Rochester, Olmstead County, Minn., March 20, 1884; moved to Decorah, Iowa, in 1888; attended the public and high schools of Decorah, Iowa, and the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis; was graduated from Columbia University, New York City, in 1905 and later attended Valder’s Business College, Decorah, Iowa, and Harvard Law School; homesteaded in North Dakota in 1906 and 1907; editor and publisher of the Decorah (Iowa) Journal 19081931; volunteered for service in the United States Army during the First World War; was commissioned a second lieutenant August 15, 1917, and a first lieutenant on December 31, 1917, in the Eighty-eighth Division; served from April 1917 until June 1919, being overseas ten months; postmaster of Decorah, Iowa, 1913-1923; served as park commissioner of Decorah beginning in 1922; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1928, 1940, and 1956; delegate to the Interparliamentary Union Conference at Paris in 1937; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third, Seventy-fourth, and Seventy-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1933January 3, 1939); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress; appointed United States Marshal for northern Iowa in October 1940, in which capacity he served until 1953; died in La Crosse, Wis., July 1, 1968; interment in Phelps Cemetery, Decorah, Iowa.

BIERY, James Soloman, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born on a farm near Emlenton, Venango County, Pa., March 2, 1839; attended the district schools, a select school of the county, and Emlenton (Pa.) Academy; taught school for three years in the oil regions of Pennsylvania; moved to Allentown, Lehigh County, Pa., in 1861 and continued teaching for eight years; studied theology for two years; subsequently studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1868 and commenced practice in Allentown; member of the State house of representatives in 1869; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); was not a candidate for renomination in 1874; resumed the practice of law at Allentown and also engaged in literary pursuits; died in Allentown, Pa., December 3, 1904; interment in Fairview Cemetery.

BIESTER, Edward George, Jr., a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Trevose, Bucks County, Pa., January 5, 1931; attended Doylestown public schools; graduated from the George School, Newtown, Pa., 1948; B.A., Wesleyan University, 1952; D.L., Temple University School of Law, 1955; admitted to Pennsylvania bar in 1956; assistant district attorney, Bucks County, 1958-1964; elected as a Republican to the Ninetieth and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1967-January 3, 1977); was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976; attorney general, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1979-1980; judge, court of common pleas of Bucks County, seventh judicial district, 1980 to present; member, Office of Military Commissions, Department of Defense, 2003 to present; is a resident of Furlong, Pa.

BIGBY, John Summerfield, a Representative from Georgia; born near Newnan, Coweta County, Ga., February 13, 1832; attended the common schools; was graduated from Emory College, Oxford, Ga., in 1853; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1856 and commenced practice in Newnan, Coweta County, Ga.; member of the State constitutional conventions of 1867-1868; solicitor general of the Tallapoosa circuit from August 1867 to September 22, 1868; judge of the superior court of the same circuit from September 22, 1868, to March 3, 1871; elected as a Republican to the Forty-second Congress (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1873); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Fortythird Congress; resumed the practice of law in Atlanta, Ga.; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Cincinnati in 1876; became president of the Atlanta & West Point Railroad in 1876; died in Atlanta, Ga., March 28, 1898; interment in West View Cemetery.

BIGELOW, Abijah, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Westminster, Mass., on December 5, 1775; attended Leicester (Mass.) Academy and an academy at New Ipswich, N.H.; was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1795; studied law in Groton, Mass.; was admitted to the bar in 1798 and commenced practice in Leominster, Mass., in the same year; town clerk of Leominster 1803-1809; member of the State house of representatives 1807-1809; justice of the peace 1809-1860 and justice of the quorum 1812-1860; elected as a Federalist to the Eleventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William Stedman; reelected to the Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses and served from October 8, 1810, to March 3, 1815; moved to Worcester in 1817; clerk of the courts of Worcester County 1817-1833; resumed the practice of law; served as trustee of Leicester Academy in 1819 and 1820 and as treasurer 1820-1853; appointed a master in chancery in 1838; died in Worcester, Worcester County, Mass., April 5, 1860; interment in the Rural Cemetery.

BIGELOW, Herbert Seely, a Representative from Ohio; born in Elkhart, Elkhart County, Ind., January 4, 1870; attended the public schools, and Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio; was graduated from Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1894; moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, and studied in Lane Theological Seminary; ordained as a Congregational minister in 1895 and became pastor of the Vine Street Congregational Church in Cincinnati, Ohio; delegate to the fourth constitutional convention of Ohio in 1912, serving as president; member of the State house of representatives in 1913 and 1914; served in the Cincinnati City Council 1936; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth Congress (January 3, 1937-January 3, 1939); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress; member of the city council in 1940 and 1941; resumed his duties as pastor of the Vine Street Congregational Church (Peoples Church), Cincinnati, Ohio, where he died November 11, 1951; remains were cremated and the ashes scattered over his farm near Forestville, Hamilton County, Ohio. Bibliography: Beaver, Daniel R. A Buckeye Crusader: A Sketch of the Political Career of Herbert Seely Bigelow, Preacher, Prophet, Politician. Cincinnati, Ohio: Privately printed, 1957.

BIGELOW, Lewis, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Petersham, Worcester County, Mass., August 18, 1785; was graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., in 1803; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Petersham; member of the State senate 1819-1821; editor of the first seventeen volumes of Massachusetts Reports and of a digest of six volumes of Pickering’s Reports; elected as a Federalist to the Seventeenth Congress (March 4, 1821-March 3, 1823); moved to Peoria, Ill., in 1831 and continued the practice of law; interested in the real estate business and in the operation of ferry boats; served as justice of the peace; appointed clerk of the circuit court of Peoria County, November 26, 1835, and served until his death in Peoria, Ill., October 2, 1838; interment presumed to be in the Old Centre Cemetery, Petersham, Mass.

BIGGERT, Judith Borg, a Representative from Illinois; born in Chicago, Cook County, Ill., August 15, 1937; attended New Trier High School, Winnetka, Ill.; B.A., Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., 1959; J.D., Northwestern University Law School, Evanston, Ill., 1963; clerk to Judge Luther M. Swygert, U.S. Court of Appeals, 7th Circuit, 19631964; member of the Illinois state general assembly, 19931998; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Sixth and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1999present).

BIGGS, Asa, a Representative and a Senator from North Carolina; born in Williamston, Martin County, N.C., February 4, 1811; attended the common schools; pursued classical studies; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1831 and commenced practice in Williamston, N.C.; member of the State constitutional convention in 1835; member, State house of commons 1840-1842; member, State senate 18441845; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1847); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1846; member of a commission to codify the State laws in 1851; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1855, until May 5, 1858, when he resigned, having been appointed United States judge of the district of North Carolina by President James Buchanan; served as judge of the district court until 1861; member of the secession convention of North Carolina in 1861; Confederate judge 1861-1865; resumed the practice of law in Tarboro, Edgecombe County, N.C., in 1865; moved to Norfolk, Va., in 1869 and continued the practice of law until his death in that city on March 6, 1878; interment in Elmwood Cemetery. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Biggs, Asa. Autobiography of Asa Biggs, Including a Journal of a Trip from North Carolina to New York in 1832. Edited by Robert D. W. Connor. North Carolina Historical Commission Publications. Bulletin No. 19. Raleigh: Edwards and Broughton Printing Company, 1915.

BIGGS, Benjamin Thomas, a Representative from Delaware; born near Summit Bridge, New Castle County, Del., October 1, 1821; attended the public schools and Pennington Seminary in New Jersey; taught school for a short time and later attended the Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State constitutional convention in 1853; became interested in railroad operations and was a director of the Kent & Queen Annes Railroad; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1860 to the Thirty-seventh Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1873); was not a candidate for renomination in 1872; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1872; elected Governor of Delaware and served from January 1887 to January 1891; died in Middletown, New Castle County, Del., December 25, 1893; interment in Bethel Cemetery, near Chesapeake City, Cecil County, Md.

BIGGS, Marion, a Representative from California; born near Curryville, Pike County, Mo., May 2, 1823; attended the common schools; moved to California in 1850; returned to Missouri; was elected sheriff of Monroe County, Mo., in 1852 and reelected in 1854; returned to California in 1864; was a cattle buyer and was also engaged in agricultural pursuits; elected to the State assembly from Sacramento County in 1867 and from Butte County in 1869; elected to the State constitutional convention from the State at large in 1878; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and Fiftyfirst Congresses (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1891); was not a candidate for renomination in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; commissioner to attend the centennial celebration of the inauguration of George Washington as President of the United States, in 1889; resided in Gridley, Butte County, Calif., and lived in retirement until his death there on August 2, 1910; interment in Helvetia Cemetery, Sacramento, Calif.

BIGLER, William, a Senator from Pennsylvania; born in Cumberland County (now Spring Township, Perry County), Pa., on January 1, 1814; attended the public schools and was tutored by older brother John Bigler; in 1829 was apprenticed to the printing trade; moved to Clearfield, Clearfield County, Pa., in 1833 and established the Clearfield Democrat; engaged in the lumber business; member, State senate 1841-1847, twice serving as speaker; elected Governor in 1851 and served one term; president, Philadelphia and Erie Railroad; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1855, caused by failure of the legislature to elect and served from January 14, 1856, to March 3, 1861; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-sixth Congress), Committee on Patents and Patent Office (Thirty-sixth Congress); member of the constitutional convention of Pennsylvania, 1873; member of the board of finance of the Centennial Exposition in 1876; died in Clearfield, Pa., August 9, 1880; interment in Hillcrest Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography.

BILBO, Theodore Gilmore, a Senator from Mississippi; born on a farm near Poplarville, Pearl River County, Miss., October 13, 1877; attended the public schools, Peabody College, Nashville, Tenn., the law department of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., and the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor; teacher in district and high schools of Mississippi for five years; admitted to the bar in 1908 and commenced practice in Poplarville, Miss.; member, State senate 1908-1912; elected lieutenant governor 1912-1916; twice elected Governor and served 1916-1920 and 1928-1932; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1934, 1940 and again in 1946 and served from January 3, 1935, until his death in New Orleans on August 21, 1947; did not take the oath of office in 1947 at the beginning of the Eightieth Congress; chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Seventy-eighth and Seventy-ninth Congresses), Committee on Pensions (Seventy-eighth Congress); interment in Juniper Grove Cemetery, near Poplarville, Miss. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Morgan, Chester. Redneck Liberal: Theodore G. Bilbo and the New Deal. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985; Smith, Charles P. ‘‘Theodore G. Bilbo’s Senatorial Career, The Final Years: 19411947.’’ Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi, 1983.

BILBRAY, Brian P. (cousin of James Hubert Bilbray), a Representative from California; born in Coronado, Calif., January 28, 1951; graduated Mar Vista High School; attended South Western College; tax consultant; city council; Imperial Beach, Calif., 1976-1978; mayor, Imperial Beach, Calif., 1978-1985; San Diego County Board of Supervisors, 1985-1995; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Fourth and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1995-January 3, 2001); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Seventh Congress.

BILBRAY, James Hubert (cousin of Brian P. Bilbray), a Representative from Nevada; born in Las Vegas, Clark County, Nev., May 19, 1938; graduated from Las Vegas High School, Las Vegas, Nev.; attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nev., 1959-1960; B.A., American University, Washington, D.C., 1962; J.D., American University Law School, Washington, D.C., 1965; Nevada Army National Guard, 1955-1956; Nevada Army National Guard Reserve, 1957-1963; lawyer, private practice; deputy district attorney, Clark County, Nev., 1965-1967; chief legal counsel juvenile court, Clark County, Nev., 1967-1968; alternate judge, city of Las Vegas, Nev., 1978-1980; member of the Nevada state senate, 1981-1987; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundredth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1987-January 3, 1995); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Fourth Congress in 1996; is a resident of Las Vegas, Nev.

BILIRAKIS, Michael, a Representative from Florida; born in Tarpon Springs, Pinellas County, Fla., July 16, 1930; attended public schools in Clairton, Pa.; graduated from Douglas Business College, McKeesport, Pa., 1949; B.S., University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1959; attended George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 1960; J.D., University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla., 1963; United States Air Force, 1950-1954; steelworker; engineer; college instructor; lawyer, private practice; municipal judge, city of Tarpon Springs, Fla., and city of New Port Richey, Fla.; elected as a Republican to the Ninety-eighth and to the ten succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1983-present).

BILLINGHURST, Charles, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Brighton, Franklin County, N.Y., July 27, 1818; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced practice in Rochester, N.Y.; moved to Wisconsin the same year and settled in Juneau, Dodge County; continued the practice of his profession; elected as a member of the first State legislature of Wisconsin in 1848; was elected a presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1852; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1855March 3, 1859); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1858 to the Thirty-sixth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Juneau, Wis., where he died August 18, 1865; interment in Juneau Cemetery.

BILLMEYER, Alexander, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Liberty Township, Montour County, Pa., January 7, 1841; attended the common schools; engaged in agricultural pursuits; interested in the manufacture of lumber; director of a national bank in Washingtonville, Montour County, Pa.; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Rufus K. Polk and served from November 4, 1902, to March 3, 1903; was not a candidate for renomination in 1902; resumed agricultural pursuits in Montour County, Pa.; died near Washingtonville, Pa., May 24, 1924; interment in Odd Fellows Cemetery, Danville, Pa.

BINDERUP, Charles Gustav, a Representative from Nebraska; born in Horsens, Denmark, March 5, 1873; when six months old immigrated to the United States with his parents, who settled on a farm near Hastings, Adams County, Nebr.; attended the county schools and Grand Island (Nebr.) Business College; engaged in agricultural pursuits near Hastings and Minden, Nebr., and also in the mercantile and creamery business at Minden, Nebr.; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fourth and Seventy-fifth Congresses (January 3, 1935-January 3, 1939); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1938 to the Seventy-sixth Congress and for election as an Independent in 1940 to the Seventyseventh Congress; organized and was active in the Constitutional Money League of America in Minden, Nebr., until his death; died in Minden, Nebr., August 19, 1950; interment in Minden Cemetery.

BINES, Thomas, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Trenton, N.J., birth date unknown; attended the common schools; appointed coroner for Salem County on October 16, 1802; elected sheriff of Salem County in 1808 and served until 1810; elected as a Republican to the Thirteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Jacob Hufty (November 2, 1814March 3, 1815); was not a candidate for renomination to the Fourteenth Congress in 1814; elected justice of the peace of Lower Penns Neck Township in 1822 and served in this capacity until 1826; died in Lower Penns Neck Township, Salem County, April 9, 1826.

BINGAMAN, Jesse Francis, Jr. (Jeff), a Senator from New Mexico; born in El Paso, Tex., October 3, 1943; attended public schools of Silver City, N.Mex.; graduated, Harvard College 1965 and Stanford Law School 1968; served in the United States Army Reserve 1968-1974; admitted to the New Mexico bar 1968; assistant New Mexico attorney general 1969; counsel to State constitutional convention 1969; commenced private practice in 1970; elected New Mexico attorney general 1979-1982; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1982 for the term commencing January 3, 1983; reelected in 1988, 1994, and again in 2000 for the term ending January 3, 2007; chairman, Senate Impeachment Trial Committee (1989-1991), Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (January 3-20, 2001; June 6, 2001-January 3, 2003).

BINGHAM, Henry Harrison, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., December 4, 1841; was graduated from Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., in 1862 and from the law department of Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pa.; during the Civil War entered the Union Army as a first lieutenant in the One Hundred and Fortieth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, August 22, 1862; commissioned captain September 9, 1862; major and judge advocate September 20, 1864; brevetted major of Volunteers August 1, 1864; brevetted lieutenant colonel of Volunteers April 9, 1865; colonel and brigadier general of Volunteers April 9, 1865; honorably mustered out of service July 2, 1866; awarded a Congressional Medal of Honor August 26, 1893, for actions at the Battle of the Wilderness, Virginia, May 6, 1864; appointed postmaster of Philadelphia in March 1867 and served until December 1872, when he resigned to accept the clerkship of the courts of oyer and terminer and quarter sessions of the peace in Philadelphia, having been elected by the people; reelected clerk of courts in 1875; delegate to the Republican National Conventions 1872-1900; elected as a Republican to the Forty-sixth and to the sixteen succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1879, until his death in Philadelphia March 22, 1912; chairman, Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads (Forty-seventh and Fiftyfirst Congresses), Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Fifty-fourth Congress); interment in Laurel Hill Cemetery.

BINGHAM, Hiram (father of Jonathan Brewster Bingham), a Senator from Connecticut; born in Honolulu, Hawaii, November 19, 1875; educated at Punahou School and Oahu College, Hawaii, 1882-1892, Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., 1892-1894, Yale University 1894-1898, University of California at Berkeley 1899-1900, and Harvard University 1900-1905; professor of history and politics at Harvard and then Princeton Universities; South American explorer, credited with the discovery of the Incan ruins at Machu Picchu; delegate to the First Pan American Scientific Congress at Santiago, Chile, in 1908; captain, Connecticut National Guard 1916; became an aviator in the spring of 1917; organized the United States Schools of Military Aeronautics in May 1917; served in the Aviation Section, Signal Corps, and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel; commanded the flying school at Issoudun, France, from August to December 1918; lieutenant governor of Connecticut 19221924; elected Governor of Connecticut on November 4, 1924 but served only briefly; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate on December 16, 1924, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Frank B. Brandegee in the term ending March 3, 1927; reelected in 1926 and served from December 17, 1924, to March 3, 1933; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932; chairman, Committee on Printing (Seventieth Congress), Committee on Territories and Insular Possessions (Seventieth through Seventy-second Congresses); censured by the Senate in 1929 on charges of placing of a lobbyist on his payroll; appointed a member of the President’s Aircraft Board by President Calvin Coolidge 1925; engaged in banking and literary work in Washington, D.C.; during the Second World War, lectured at naval training schools 1942-1943; chairman of the Civil Service Commission’s Loyalty Review Board 1951-1953; died in Washington, D.C., June 6, 1956; interment in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Miller, Frank L.Fathers and Sons: The Bingham Family and the American Mission. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1982; Bingham, Woodbridge. Hiram Bingham: A Personal History. Boulder: Bin Lan Zhen Publishers, 1989.

BINGHAM, John Armor, a Representative from Ohio; born in Mercer, Mercer County, Pa., January 21, 1815; pursued academic studies; apprentice in a printing office for two years; attended Franklin College, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1840 and commenced practice in New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas County, Ohio; district attorney for Tuscarawas County, Ohio, 1846-1849; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1863); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress; appointed by President Lincoln as judge advocate of the Union Army with the rank of major in 1864; later appointed solicitor of the court of claims; special judge advocate in the trial of the conspirators against the life of President Lincoln; elected to the Thirty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1873); chairman, Committee on Claims (Fortieth Congress), Committee on the Judiciary (Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1872; one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1862 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against West H. Humphreys, United States judge for the several districts of Tennessee, and in 1868 in the proceedings against Andrew Johnson; appointed Minister to Japan and served from May 31, 1873, until July 2, 1885; died in Cadiz, Harrison County, Ohio, March 19, 1900; interment in Cadiz Cemetery. Bibliography: Beauregard, Erving E. Bingham of the Hills: Politician and Diplomat Extraordinary. New York: Peter Lang, 1989.

BINGHAM, Jonathan Brewster (son of Hiram Bingham), a Representative from New York; born in New Haven, Conn., April 24, 1914; attended Groton School; graduated from Yale University in 1936 and from Yale Law School in 1939; commenced practice in New York City; admitted to the New York bar in 1940; enlisted as a private in the United States Army in April 1943 and was discharged as a captain in October 1945 with War Department Staff Citation; special assistant to Assistant Secretary of State in 1945 and 1946; deputy administrator, Technical Cooperation Administration, 1951-1953; secretary to Governor Averell Harriman, 1955-1958; United States representative on United Nations Trusteeship Council with rank of Minister in 1961 and 1962 and serving as president in 1962; United States representative on United Nations Economic and Social Council with rank of Ambassador in 1963 and 1964; United States delegate to four United Nations General Assemblies; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-ninth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1965-January 3, 1983); was not a candidate for reelection in 1982; was a resident of the Bronx, N.Y., until his death in New York City July 3, 1986.

BINGHAM, Kinsley Scott, a Representative and a Senator from Michigan; born in Camillus, Onondaga County, N.Y., December 16, 1808; attended the common schools; studied law in Syracuse, N.Y.; moved to Green Oak, Mich., in 1833; admitted to the bar and practiced law; engaged in agricultural pursuits; held a number of local offices, including those of justice of the peace, postmaster, and first judge of probate of Livingston County; member, Michigan house of representatives 1837; reelected four times and served as speaker for three terms; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth and Thirty-first Congresses (March 4, 1847March 3, 1851); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Thirty-first Congress); was not a candidate for reelection in 1850; resumed agricultural pursuits; elected Governor in 1854 and was reelected in 1856; instrumental in establishing the Michigan Agricultural College and other educational institutions; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1859, until his death on October 5, 1861; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Thirty-seventh Congress); died in Green Oak, Livingston County, Mich.; interment in Old Village Cemetery, Brighton, Livingston County, Mich. Bibliography: McDaid, William. ‘‘Kinsley S. Bingham and the Republican Ideology of Slavery, 1847-1855.’’ Michigan Historical Review 16 (Fall 1990): 43-73.

BINGHAM, William, a Delegate and a Senator from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 8, 1752; was graduated from Philadelphia College in 1768; agent of the Continental Congress at Martinique, and afterwards consul at St. Pierre, in the West Indies 1777-1780; Member of the Continental Congress 1786-1788; member, State house of representatives 1790-1791, serving as speaker in 1791; served in, and was president of, the State senate 17941795; elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1795, to March 3, 1801; was not a candidate for reelection; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Fourth Congress; withdrew from public life and engaged in the management of his extensive estates; moved in 1801 to Bath, England, and resided with his daughter until his death in that city on February 7, 1804; interment in Bath Abbey, Bath, England. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Alberts, Robert. The Golden Voyage: The Life and Times of William Bingham. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1969.

BINNEY, Horace, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., January 4, 1780; attended a classical school in Bordentown, N.J., three years; was graduated from Harvard University in 1797; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Philadelphia in 1800; member of the State house of representatives in 1806 and 1807; between 1807 and 1814 prepared and published six volumes of reported decisions of the supreme court of Pennsylvania; director of the United States Bank; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1835); was not a candidate for renomination in 1834; except for his appearance before the supreme court in 1844 as counsel for Philadelphia in the Girard will case, he retired from his practice in the courts and confined himself to giving written opinions; died in Philadelphia, Pa., August 12, 1875; interment in St. James the Less Cemetery, Falls of the Schuylkill (now a part of Philadelphia), Pa. Bibliography: Carson, Hampton L. (Hampton Lawrence). A Sketch of Horace Binney. [Philadelphia]: N.p., 1907.

BIRCH, William Fred, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Newark, N.J., August 30, 1870; moved with his parents to Phillipsburg, N.J., in 1872 and to Dover, Morris County, N.J., in 1874; attended the public schools and was graduated from the New Jersey State Model School at Trenton and from Coleman’s Business College at Newark in 1887; engaged in the manufacture of boilers and smokestacks at Dover; member of the Dover Common Council for several years; city recorder 1904-1909; member of the State house of assembly 1910-1912; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John H. Capstick and served from November 5, 1918, to March 3, 1919; was not a candidate for renomination in 1918; resumed his former manufacturing pursuits; also engaged in the fire-insurance and automobile businesses and was interested in banking; retired from business activities in 1941; died in Glen Ridge, N.J., January 25, 1946; interment in Orchard Street Cemetery, Dover, N.J.

BIRD, John, a Representative from New York; born in Litchfield, Conn., November 22, 1768; pursued classical studies; was graduated from Yale College in 1786; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Litchfield, Conn.; moved to Troy, N.Y., in 1793 and engaged in the practice of law; member of the State assembly 17961798; elected as a Federalist to the Sixth and Seventh Congresses and served from March 4, 1799, to July 25, 1801, when he resigned; again resumed the practice of his profession; died in Troy, N.Y., on February 2, 1806; interment in Mount Ida Cemetery.

BIRD, John Taylor, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Bloomsbury, Hunterdon County, N.J., August 16, 1829; attended the public schools, and a classical academy at Hackettstown, N.J.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1855 and commenced practice in Bloomsbury, N.J.; moved to Clinton in 1858; prosecutor of the pleas for Hunterdon County 1862-1867; moved to Flemington in 1865; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1873); was not a candidate for renomination in 1872; resumed the practice of law in Flemington, N.J.; member of the New Jersey constitutional convention in 1876; moved to Trenton, N.J., in 1882; vice chancellor of New Jersey 1882-1896; master in chancery 1900-1909; died in Trenton, N.J., May 6, 1911; interment in Riverview Cemetery.

BIRD, Richard Ely, a Representative from Kansas; born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 4, 1878; moved with his parents to Wichita, Sedgwick County, Kans., in 1887; attended the public schools and was graduated from Wichita High School in 1898; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1901 and commenced practice in Wichita; judge of the district court of the eighteenth judicial district of Kansas 19161921; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1921-March 3, 1923); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1922 to the Sixty-eighth Congress; resumed the practice of law; United States referee in bankruptcy, Wichita, Kans., 1925-1927; retired from public life in 1937 and moved to Long Beach, Calif., where he died January 10, 1955; interment in Maplegrove Cemetery, Wichita, Kans.

BIRDSALL, Ausburn, a Representative from New York; born in Otego, Otsego County, N.Y., November 13, 1814; lawyer, private practice; district attorney of Broome County, N.Y.; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); supply supervisor, United States Navy; died on July 10, 1903, in New York, N.Y.; interment in Spring Forest Cemetery, Binghamton, N.Y.; reinterment in Woodlawn Cemetery, New York, N.Y., 1910.

BIRDSALL, Benjamin Pixley, a Representative from Iowa; born in Weyauwega, Waupaca County, Wis., October 26, 1858; attended the common schools of Iowa and Iowa State University, Iowa City; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1878 and practiced; served as district judge of the eleventh judicial district of Iowa from January 1893 to October 1900; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth, and Sixtieth Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1909); resumed the practice of law in Clarion, Wright County, Iowa, where he died May 26, 1917; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

BIRDSALL, James, a Representative from New York; born in that State in 1783; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1806 and was the first lawyer to settle in Norwich, Chenango County, N.Y.; surrogate of Chenango County, N.Y., in 1811; elected as a Republican to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1817); member of the State assembly in 1827; one of the incorporators of the Bank of Chenango; moved to Fenton, Genesee County, Mich., in 1839 and later to Flint, Mich., where he died July 20, 1856; interment in Glenwood Cemetery.

BIRDSALL, Samuel, a Representative from New York; born in Hillsdale, Columbia County, N.Y., May 14, 1791; attended the common schools; studied law in the office of Martin Van Buren; was admitted to the bar in 1812 and commenced practice in Cooperstown, N.Y.; master in chancery in 1815; moved to Waterloo, N.Y., in 1817; division judge advocate with rank of colonel in 1819; counselor in the supreme court and solicitor in chancery in 1823; surrogate of Seneca County 1827-1837; bank commissioner in 1832; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1839); was not a candidate for renomination in 1838; admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court in 1838; district attorney of Seneca County in 1846; postmaster of Waterloo, Seneca County, N.Y., 1853-1863; died in Waterloo, N.Y., February 8, 1872; interment in Maple Grove Cemetery.

BIRDSEYE, Victory, a Representative from New York; born in Cornwall, Conn., December 25, 1782; attended the public schools, and was graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., in 1804; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1807 and commenced practice in Pompey Hill, Onondaga County, N.Y.; elected as a Republican to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1817); was not a candidate for renomination in 1816; postmaster of Pompey Hill 1817-1838; district attorney of Onondaga County 18181833; master of chancery of Onondaga County 1818-1822; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1821; member of the State assembly 1823 and 1838-1840; served in the State senate in 1827; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1838 to the Twenty-sixth Congress; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); was not a candidate for renomination in 1842; resumed the practice of law; died in Pompey, Onondaga County, N.Y., September 16, 1853; interment in Pompey Hill Cemetery.

BISBEE, Horatio, Jr., a Representative from Florida; born in Canton, Oxford County, Maine, May 1, 1839; attended the public schools, and was graduated from Tufts College, Medford, Mass., in 1863; during the Civil War served as a private for three months in the Fifth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry; mustered out the middle of July 1861; appointed captain in the Ninth Regiment, Maine Volunteer Infantry, in September 1861; promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and afterwards to the rank of colonel; honorably mustered out of the service with the latter rank in March 1863; moved to Illinois in 1863; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Chicago in 1864 and commenced practice in Jacksonville, Fla., in 1865; United States attorney for the northern district of Florida 1869-1873 and for a short period filled the office of attorney general of the State; presented credentials as a Republican Memberelect to the Forty-fifth Congress and served from March 4, 1877, to February 20, 1879, when he was succeeded by Jesse J. Finley, who contested the election; successfully contested the election of Noble A. Hull to the Forty-sixth Congress and served from January 22, 1881, to March 3, 1881; successfully contested the election of Jesse J. Finley to the Forty-seventh Congress and served from June 1, 1882, to March 3, 1883; reelected to the Forty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1885); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1884 to the Forty-ninth Congress; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Dixfield, Oxford County, Maine, March 27, 1916; interment in Greenwood Cemetery. Bibliography: Klingman, Peter D. ‘‘Inside the Ring: Bisbee-Lee Correspondence, February-April 1880.’’ Florida Historical Quarterly 57 (October 1978): 187-204.

BISHOP, Cecil William (Runt), a Representative from Illinois; born on a farm near West Vienna, Johnson County, Ill., June 29, 1890; attended the public schools, and Union Academy, Anna, Ill.; learned the tailoring trade; worked as coal miner, telephone linesman, professional football and baseball player and manager; engaged in the cleaning-tailoring business 1910-1922; city clerk of Carterville, Ill., 19151918; postmaster at Carterville, Ill., 1923-1933; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-seventh and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1941-January 3, 1955); chairman, Special Committee on Campaign Expenditures (Eighty-third Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1954 to the Eighty-fourth Congress; congressional liaison assistant, Post Office Department, Washington, D.C., 1955-1957; superintendent of Division of Industrial Planning and Development, State of Illinois, in 1957 and 1958; Department of Labor conciliator for State of Illinois, 1958-1960; retired; died in Marion, Ill., September 21, 1971; interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Carterville, Ill.

BISHOP, James, a Representative from New Jersey; born in New Brunswick, N.J., May 11, 1816; attended Spaulding School and Rutgers College Preparatory School, New Brunswick, N.J.; engaged in mercantile pursuits in New Brunswick; member of the State house of assembly in 1849 and 1850; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress; prominent in the rubber trade in New York City; chief of the bureau of labor statistics of New Jersey 1878-1893 and a resident of Trenton; died at Kemble Hall, near Morristown, Morris County, N.J., May 10, 1895; interment in Elmwood Cemetery, New Brunswick, Middlesex County, N.J.

BISHOP, Phanuel, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Rehoboth, Mass., September 3, 1739; attended the common schools; was an innkeeper; served in the State senate 1787-1791; member of the State house of representatives in 1792, 1793, 1797, and 1798; elected as a Republican to the Sixth through Ninth Congresses (March 4, 1799March 3, 1807); died in Rehoboth, Mass., January 6, 1812; interment in Old Cemetery, Rumford, East Providence, R.I.

BISHOP, Robert (Rob), a Representative from Utah; born in Kaysville, Utah, on July 13, 1951; B.A., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1974; teacher; private advocate; member of the Utah state house of representatives, 1979-1994, speaker, 1992-1994; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Eighth Congress (January 3, 2003present).

BISHOP, Roswell Peter, a Representative from Michigan; born in Sidney, Delaware County, N.Y., January 6, 1843; attended Unadilla Academy, Cooperstown Seminary, and Walton Academy, New York; taught school several years; during the Civil War enlisted as a private in Company C, Forty-third Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, in 1861 and was discharged in December 1862 because of a wound which necessitated the amputation of his right arm; entered the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in September 1868 where he remained until December 1872; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Ann Arbor in May 1875 and commenced practice in Ludington, Mason County, Mich.; elected prosecuting attorney of Mason County in 1876, 1878, and 1884; member of the State house of representatives in 1882 and 1892; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1907); chairman, Committee on Ventilation and Acoustics (Fifty-seventh through Fifty-ninth Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1906; resumed the practice of law in Ludington, Mich.; served as a member of the Michigan constitutional convention in 1907; was appointed a member of the Spanish Treaty Claims Commission in December 1907 and served until the work of the commission was completed; moved to Hollister, Calif., in 1910 and engaged in fruit growing; died at Pacific Grove, Monterey County, Calif., March 4, 1920; interment in the El Carmelo Cemetery.

BISHOP, Sanford Dixon, Jr., a Representative from Georgia; born in Mobile, Mobile County, Ala., February 4, 1947; attended public schools in Mobile, Ala.; B.A., Morehouse College, Atlanta, Ga., 1968, J.D., Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, Ga., 1971; lawyer, private practice; United States Army, 1969-1971; member of the Georgia state house of representatives, 1977-1991; member of the Georgia state senate, 1991-1993; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Third and to the five succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1993-present).

BISHOP, Timothy H., a Representative from New York; born in Southampton, Suffolk County, N.Y., June 1, 1950; graduated from Southampton High School, Southampton, N.Y., 1968; A.B., Holy Cross College, Worcester, N.Y., 1972; M.A., Long Island University, Long Island, N.Y., 1981; administrator, Southampton College, Southampton, N.Y., 19862002; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Eighth Congress (January 3, 2003-present).

BISHOP, William Darius, a Representative from Connecticut; born in Bloomfield, Essex County, N.J., September 14, 1827; pursued preparatory studies; was graduated from Yale College in 1849; studied law; was admitted to the bar but did not practice, instead carrying on his father’s railroad enterprises which involved the construction of the Naugatuck and the New York and New Haven Railroads in Connecticut and the railroad between Saratoga Springs and Whitehall in New York; founder of the Eastern Railroad Association and its president until the time of his death; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Thirty-fifth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1858 to the Thirty-sixth Congress; commissioner of patents from May 23, 1859, to January 1860; vice president and president of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co.; member of the State house of representatives in 1866 and 1871; served in the State senate in 1877 and 1878; died in Bridgeport, Conn., Feb. 4, 1904; interment in Mountain Grove Cemetery.

BISSELL, William Harrison, a Representative from Illinois; born in Hartwick, Otsego County, N.Y., on April 25, 1811; attended the public schools, and was graduated from the Philadelphia Medical College in 1835; moved to Monroe County, Ill., in 1837; taught school and practiced medicine until 1840; member of the State house of representatives 1840-1842; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Belleville, St. Clair County, Ill.; prosecuting attorney of St. Clair County in 1844; served in the Mexican War as colonel of the Second Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtyfirst and Thirty-second Congresses and as an Independent Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1849March 3, 1855); chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1854; elected Governor of Illinois in 1856 and served from January 12, 1857, until his death; died in Springfield, Sangamon County, Ill., March 18, 1860; interment in Oak Ridge Cemetery.

BIXLER, Harris Jacob, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in New Buffalo, Perry County, Pa., September 16, 1870; attended the public schools and Lock Haven State Normal School; taught school in the country districts in Perry and Clinton Counties 1878-1892; attended Potts Business College, Williamsport, Pa.; moved to Johnsonburg, Elk County, Pa., in 1892 and worked as a shipping clerk; later was engaged in banking and manufacturing; director of the Johnsonburg National Bank; served as president of the city council 1900-1904 and as president of the board of education 1904-1910; mayor of Johnsonburg 1908-1912; sheriff of Elk County, Pa., 1916-1920; chairman of the Republican county committee 1916-1925; treasurer of Elk County 1920-1922; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh, Sixty-eighth, and Sixty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1921-March 3, 1927); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1926; engaged in business as a freight contractor and also interested in agricultural pursuits; died in Johnsonburg, Pa., on March 29, 1941; interment in Duncannon Cemetery, Duncannon, Pa.

BLACK, Edward Junius (father of George Robison Black), a Representative from Georgia; born in Beaufort, S.C., October 30, 1806; attended the common schools and was graduated from Richmond Academy, Augusta, Ga.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1827 and commenced practice in Augusta, Ga.; member of the State house of representatives 1829-1831; moved to Screven County, Ga., in 1832; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1841); unsuccessful Democratic candidate for reelection in 1840 to the Twenty-seventh Congress; subsequently elected as a Democrat to the Twentyseventh Congress to fill in part the vacancies caused by the resignations of Julius C. Alford, William C. Dawson, and Eugenius A. Nisbet; reelected to the Twenty-eighth Congress and served from January 3, 1842, to March 3, 1845; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1844 to the Twentyninth Congress; resumed the practice of law; died in Millettville, Barnwell District, S.C., September 1, 1846; interment in the family burying ground near Millettville, Allendale County, S.C.

BLACK, Eugene, a Representative from Texas; born near Blossom, Lamar County, Tex., July 2, 1879; attended the public schools of Blossom; taught school in Lamar County 1898-1900; employed in the post office at Blossom; was graduated from the law department of Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., in 1905; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Clarksville, Red River County, Tex.; was also engaged in the wholesale grocery business; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fourth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1915-March 3, 1929); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1928; appointed by President Hoover to the United States Board of Tax Appeals (now the United States Tax Court) on November 5, 1929 to fill an unexpired term; reappointed in 1932 and again in 1944 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt for a term of twelve years and served until his retirement November 30, 1953; recalled December 1, 1953, to perform further judicial service with the United States Tax Court until March 31, 1966; resided in Washington, D.C., until his death there on May 22, 1975; interment in Cedar Hill Cemetery, Suitland, Md.

BLACK, Frank Swett, a Representative from New York; born near Limington, York County, Maine, March 8, 1853; attended the district schools, and was graduated from Lebanon Academy, West Lebanon, Maine, in 1871; taught school for several years; was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1875; editor of the Johnstown (N.Y.) Journal; moved to Troy, N.Y., and engaged in newspaper work; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1879 and commenced practice in Troy; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress and served from March 4, 1895, to January 7, 1897, when he resigned to become Governor; Governor of New York 1897-1899; resumed the practice of law in New York City; died in Troy, N.Y., March 22, 1913; the remains were cremated and placed in a sepulcher on his farm near Freedom, Carroll County, N.H.

BLACK, George Robison (son of Edward Junius Black), a Representative from Georgia; born on his father’s plantation near Jacksonboro, Screven County, Ga., March 24, 1835; attended the common schools, the University of Georgia at Athens, and the University of South Carolina at Columbia; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1857 and commenced practice in Savannah, Ga.; during the Civil War entered the Confederate service as first lieutenant of the Phoenix Riflemen and afterwards was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the Sixty-third Georgia Regiment; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1865; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1872; member of the State senate 1874-1877; vice president of the Georgia State Agricultural Society; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1881-March 3, 1883); was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1882 to the Forty-eighth Congress; died in Sylvania, Screven County, Ga., November 3, 1886; interment in Sylvania Cemetery.

BLACK, Henry, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near the borough of Somerset, Somerset County, Pa., February 25, 1783; attended the common schools; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives 1816-1818; justice of the peace; associate judge of Somerset County, Pa., 1820-1840; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles Ogle and served from June 28, 1841, until his death in Somerset, Pa., on November 28, 1841; interment in the family cemetery, Stony Creek Township, Somerset County, Pa.

BLACK, Hugo Lafayette, a Senator from Alabama; born near Ashland, Clay County, Ala., February 27, 1886; attended the public schools and Ashland College, Ashland, Ala.; graduated from the law department of the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1906; admitted to the Alabama bar the same year and commenced practice in Ashland, Ala.; moved to Birmingham, Ala., in 1907 and continued the practice of law; during the First World War served as a captain of the Eighty-first Field Artillery and as company regimental adjutant in the Nineteenth Artillery Brigade 1917-1918; police court judge in Birmingham, Ala.; prosecuting attorney of Jefferson County, Ala.; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1926; reelected in 1932 and served from March 4, 1927, until his resignation on August 19, 1937, having been appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court; chairman, Committee on Education and Labor (Seventy-fourth and Seventy-fifth Congresses); was confirmed by the Senate on August 17, 1937, took his seat as an Associate Justice on October 4, 1937 and served until his resignation on September 17, 1971, just days before his death in Bethesda, Md., on September 25, 1971; interment in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; Ball, Howard. Hugo L. Black: Cold Steel Warrior. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996; Newman, Roger K. Hugo Black. New York: Pantheon Books, 1994.

BLACK, James, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Newport, Perry County, Pa., March 6, 1793; attended the common schools; engaged in mercantile pursuits; member of the State house of representatives in 1830 and 1831; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jesse Miller and served from December 5, 1836, to March 3, 1837; associate judge of Perry County in 1842 and 1843; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1847); State collector of tolls on the Juniata Canal; died in New Bloomfield, Perry County, Pa., on June 21, 1872; interment in New Bloomfield Cemetery.

BLACK, James Augustus, a Representative from South Carolina; born on his father’s plantation in Ninety Six District, near Abbeville, S.C., in 1793; attended the common schools on his father’s plantation; during the War of 1812 was appointed a second lieutenant in the Eighth Infantry March 12, 1812; promoted to first lieutenant December 2, 1813, and was honorably discharged June 15, 1815; engaged in the mining of iron ore on what is now the present site of Cherokee Falls, S.C.; moved to Georgia and settled in Savannah; engaged in cotton dealing; served as tax collector of Chatham County, Ga.; returned to South Carolina and settled in Columbia; cashier of the State (branch) bank; member of South Carolina house of representatives, 18261828 and 1832-1835; elected as a Democrat to the Twentyeighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1843, until his death in Washington, D.C., on April 3, 1848; chairman, Committee on the Militia (Twenty-ninth Congress); interment in the graveyard of the First Presbyterian Church, Columbia, S.C.

BLACK, James Conquest Cross, a Representative from Georgia; born in Stamping Ground, Scott County, Ky., May 9, 1842; attended the common schools and the high school at Newcastle, Ky., and was graduated from Georgetown College, Kentucky, in 1862; during the Civil War enlisted as a private in Company A, Ninth Kentucky Cavalry, in the Confederate Army; moved to Augusta, Ga., in 1865; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1866 and commenced practice in Augusta, Ga.; member of the State house of representatives 1873-1877; served as president of the Augusta Orphan Asylum 1879-1886; member of the city council; served as city attorney; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftythird and Fifty-fourth Congresses and served from March 4, 1893, to March 4, 1895, when he resigned; subsequently elected to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation and served from October 2, 1895, to March 3, 1897; was not a candidate for renomination in 1896; resumed the practice of law in Augusta, Ga., until his death there on October 1, 1928; interment in Magnolia Cemetery.

BLACK, John, a Senator from Mississippi; born in Massachusetts, but date of birth is unknown; engaged in teaching; studied law; commenced practice in Louisiana; moved to Mississippi; elected judge of the fourth circuit and supreme court 1826-1832; appointed as a Jacksonian to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Powhatan Ellis and served from November 12, 1832, to March 3, 1833; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian (later Whig) to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1833, and served from November 22, 1833, to January 22, 1838, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Private Lands (Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses); resumed the practice of law in Winchester, Va., and died there August 29, 1854; interment in Mount Hebron Cemetery.

BLACK, John Charles, a Representative from Illinois; born in Lexington, Holmes County, Miss., January 27, 1839; moved to Danville, Vermilion County, Ill., in 1847; attended the common schools and Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind., but was not graduated until after the close of the Civil War; served in the Union Army from April 14, 1861, to August 15, 1865; entered as a private, and was successively sergeant major, major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel; brevetted brigadier general for service in the storming of Fort Blakeley on April 9, 1865; received the Congressional Medal; studied law in Chicago, Ill.; was admitted to the bar in 1867 and commenced practice in Danville, Ill.; appointed United States Commissioner of Pensions by President Cleveland and served from March 17, 1885, to March 27, 1889; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-third Congress and served from March 4, 1893, to January 12, 1895, when he resigned; United States attorney for the northern district of Illinois 1895-1899; department commander of the Loyal Legion of Illinois 1895-1897; department commander of the Illinois department, Grand Army of the Republic, in 1898; commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic in 1903 and 1904; member of the United States Civil Service Commission 1904-1913 and served as its president; resigned and returned to Chicago, Ill., where he died August 17, 1915; interment in Spring Hill Cemetery, Danville, Ill.

BLACK, Loring Milton, Jr., a Representative from New York; born in New York City, May 17, 1886; attended the public schools and was graduated from Fordham University, New York City, in 1907; studied law at Columbia University, New York City; was admitted to the bar in 1909 and commenced practice in New York City; member of the State senate in 1911 and 1912; resumed the practice of his profession in New York City; again a member of the State senate in 1919 and 1920; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-eighth and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1923-January 3, 1935); chairman, Committee on Claims (Seventy-second and Seventy-third Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1934; resumed the practice of law in New York City and Washington, D.C.; died in Washington, D.C., May 21, 1956; interment in Fort Lincoln Cemetery.

BLACKBURN, Benjamin Bentley, a Representative from Georgia; born in Atlanta, Fulton County, Ga., February 14, 1927; attended the public schools in Atlanta, Ga.; graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1947, and from Emory University School of Law in 1954; during the Second World War served in the United States Navy, 19441946; during the Korean conflict again served in the United States Navy, 1950-1952; was retired as a lieutenant commander in the United States Naval Reserve; served in the State attorney general’s office, 1955-1957; admitted to the bar in 1954 and commenced private practice in Atlanta, Ga., after service with the State attorney general; elected as a Republican to the Ninetieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1967-January 3, 1975); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1974 to the Ninetyfourth Congress; is a resident of Atlanta, Ga.

BLACKBURN, Edmond Spencer, a Representative from North Carolina; born near Boone, Watauga County, N.C., September 22, 1868; attended the common schools and academies of his native State; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1890 and commenced practice in Jefferson, Ashe County, N.C.; reading clerk of the State senate in 1894 and 1895; member of the State house of representatives in 1896 and 1897, serving as speaker pro tempore the latter year; assistant United States attorney in 1898; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1901March 3, 1903); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1902 to the Fifty-eighth Congress; elected to the Fifty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1905-March 3, 1907); was not a candidate for renomination in 1906; resumed the practice of law in Greensboro, N.C.; died in Elizabethton, Carter County, Tenn., March 10, 1912; interment in Old Hopewel Cemetery, near Boone, N.C.

BLACKBURN, Joseph Clay Stiles, a Representative and a Senator from Kentucky; born near Spring Station, Woodford County, Ky., October 1, 1838; attended Sayres Institute, Frankfort, Ky., and graduated from Centre College, Danville, Ky., in 1857; studied law in Lexington, Ky.; admitted to the bar in 1858 and practiced in Chicago, Ill., until 1860, when he returned to Woodford County, Ky.; entered the Confederate Army as a private in 1861 and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel before the close of the Civil War; settled in Arkansas in 1865, where he was engaged as lawyer and planter in Desha County until 1868, when he returned to Kentucky and opened law offices in Versailles; member, State house of representatives 18711875; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1885); chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia (Fortyfifth Congress), Committee on Expenditures in the Department of War (Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses); elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1885; reelected in 1890, and served from March 4, 1885, to March 3, 1897; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1896; chairman, Committee on Rules (Fifty-third Congress); again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1901, to March 3, 1907; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1907; Democratic caucus chairman 1906-1907; appointed Governor of the Canal Zone, Isthmus of Panama, by President Theodore Roosevelt on April 1, 1907; resigned in November 1909 and returned to his estate in Woodford County, Ky.; died in Washington, D.C., September 12, 1918; interment in the State Cemetery, Frankfort, Ky. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Schlup, Leonard. ‘‘Joseph Blackburn of Kentucky and the Panama Question.’’ Filson Club Quarterly 51 (October 1977): 350-62.

BLACKBURN, Marsha, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Laurel, Miss., June 6, 1952; graduated from Northeast Jones High School, Laurel, Miss.; B.S. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Miss., 1973; business owner; private advocate; unsuccessful candidate for the One Hundred Third Congress in 1992; member of the Tennessee state senate, 1998-2002; elected as a Republican to the One Hundred Eighth Congress (January 3, 2003-present).

BLACKBURN, Robert E. Lee, a Representative from Kentucky; born on a farm near Furnace, Estill County, Ky., April 9, 1870; as an infant moved with his parents to Stanton, Powell County, Ky.; attended the county schools, and Elliott Academy at Kirksville, Madison County, Ky.; traveling salesman for an oil company 1891-1900; during the Spanish-American War served as a second lieutenant in Company C, Fourth Infantry, United States Volunteers; engaged in general merchandising at Stanton, Ky., and in agricultural pursuits 1900-1907; member of the State house of representatives in 1904 and 1905; served as clerk of the court of Powell County 1906 to 1910; was engaged in the insurance and stock brokerage business 1910-1919; moved to Lexington, Ky., in 1919 and continued the insurance and brokerage business; also engaged in the oil-development business; appointed a member of the State board of agriculture in 1926 and served until 1928; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-first Congress (March 4, 1929-March 3, 1931); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1930 to the Seventy-second Congress and for election in 1932 to the Seventy-third Congress; resumed his former activities in the oil business and resided in Lexington, Ky., until his death there on September 20, 1935; interment in Stanton Cemetery, Stanton, Ky.

BLACKBURN, William Jasper, a Representative from Louisiana; born on the Fourche de Mau, Randolph County, Ark., on July 24, 1820; received his early education from his mother; moved to Batesville in 1839 and learned the printer’s trade; moved to Little Rock in 1845, to Fort Smith in 1846, and to Minden, La., in 1849, where he established the Minden Herald; moved to Homer, La., and established the Homer Iliad in 1859; member of the State constitutional convention in 1867; county judge of Claiborne Parish, La., for four years; upon the readmission of the State of Louisiana to representation was elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress and served from July 18, 1868, to March 3, 1869; was not a candidate for renomination in 1868; member of the State senate 1874-1878; returned to Little Rock, Ark., in 1880; published the Arkansas Republican from 1881 to 1884 and the Free South from 1885 to 1892; died in Little Rock, Ark., November 10, 1899; interment in Mount Holly Cemetery.

BLACKLEDGE, William (father of William Salter Blackledge), a Representative from North Carolina; born in Craven County, N.C., birth date unknown; member of the State house of commons, 1797-1799 and again in 1809; elected as a Republican to the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Congresses (March 4, 1803-March 3, 1809); one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1804 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against John Pickering, judge of the United States District Court for New Hampshire; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1808 to the Eleventh Congress; elected to the Twelfth Congress (March 4, 1811-March 3, 1813); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1812 to the Thirteenth Congress; died at Spring Hill, Craven County, N.C., October 19, 1828.

BLACKLEDGE, William Salter (son of William Blackledge), a Representative from North Carolina; born in Pitt County, N.C., in 1793; moved to Craven County, N.C., and settled in New Bern; graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1813; member of the State house of commons in 1820; elected to the Sixteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Jesse Slocumb; reelected to the Seventeenth Congress and served from February 7, 1821, until March 3, 1823; died in New Bern, Craven County, N.C., March 21, 1857; interment in New Bern Cemetery.

BLACKMAR, Esbon, a Representative from New York; born in Freehold, Greene County, N.Y., June 19, 1805; attended the district schools and was graduated from the high school; engaged in the general merchandise business; member of the State senate in 1838 and 1841; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John M. Holley and served from December 4, 1848, to March 3, 1849; resumed his former business activities; died in Newark, Wayne County, N.Y., on November 19, 1857; interment in Willow Avenue Cemetery.

BLACKMON, Fred Leonard, a Representative from Alabama; born at Lime Branch, Polk County, Ga., September 15, 1873; moved with his parents to Calhoun County, Ala., in 1883; attended the public schools in Dearmanville and Choccolocco, the State normal college at Jacksonville, Ala., Douglasville (Ga.) College, and Mountain City Business College, Chattanooga, Tenn.; was graduated from the law department of the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1894; was admitted to the bar in the same year and commenced practice in Anniston, Calhoun County, Ala.; city attorney for Anniston 1898-1902; member of the State senate 1900-1910; chairman of the congressional committee for the fourth Alabama district from 1906 until 1910, when he resigned; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-second and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1911, until his death; had also been reelected to the Sixtyseventh Congress; died in Bartow, Polk County, Fla., on February 8, 1921; interment in the Hillside Cemetery, Anniston, Ala.

BLACKNEY, William Wallace, a Representative from Michigan; born in Clio, Genesee County, Mich., August 28, 1876; attended the public schools, Olivet College, Olivet, Mich., and Ferris School, Big Rapids, Mich.; moved to Flint, Mich., in 1904; served as county clerk of Genesee County 1905-1912; was graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1912; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Flint, Mich.; served as assistant prosecuting attorney of Genesee County 1913-1917; member of the Flint School Board 19241934; member of the Republican State central committee 1925-1930; instructor in the General Motors Co. technical night school for sixteen years; elected as a Republican to the Seventy-fourth Congress (January 3, 1935-January 3, 1937); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1936 to the Seventy-fifth Congress; elected to the Seventy-sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1939-January 3, 1953); was not a candidate for renomination in 1952; retired to Flint, Mich., until his death there March 14, 1963; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery, Clio, Mich.

BLACKWELL, Julius W., a Representative from Tennessee; born in Virginia in 1797c; attended the public schools; moved to Tennessee and settled in Athens, McMinn County; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1841); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twenty-seventh Congress in 1840; elected to the Twenty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1845); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twentyninth Congress in 1844; death date unknown.

BLACKWELL, Lucien Edward, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Whitsett, Fayette County, Pa., August 1, 1931; attended public schools; United States Army, 19531954; president, Local 1332, International Longshoremen’s Association, 1973-1991; member of the Pennsylvania state house of representatives, 1973-1975; member of the Philadelphia, Pa., city council, 1974-1991; unsuccessful candidate for mayor of Philadelphia, Pa., in 1979; unsuccessful candidate for nomination for mayor of Philadelphia, Pa., in 1991; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Second Congress by special election to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Representative William H. Gray, III, and reelected to the succeeding Congress (November 5, 1991-January 3, 1995); unsuccessful candidate for renomination to the One Hundred Fourth Congress in 1994; private advocate; died on January 24, 2003, in Philadelphia, Pa.; internment in Mount Lawn Cemetery, Yeardon, Pa.

BLAGOJEVICH, Rod R., a Representative from Illinois; born in Chicago, Cook County, Ill., December 10, 1956; attended Foreman High School, Chicago, Ill.; B.A., Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., 1979; J.D., Pepperdine University, Malibu, Calif., 1983; attorney, private practice; Assistant State’s Attorney, Cook County, Ill., 1986-1988; member of the Illinois state house of representatives, 19931996; elected as a Democrat to the One Hundred Fifth and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1997-January 3, 2003); not a candidate for reelection to the One Hundred Eighth Congress in 2002.; Governor of Illinois, 2003 to present.

BLAINE, James Gillespie, a Representative and a Senator from Maine; born in West Brownsville, Washington County, Pa., January 31, 1830; graduated from Washington College, Washington, Pa., in 1847; taught at the Western Military Institute, Blue Lick Springs, Ky.; returned to Pennsylvania; studied law; taught at the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind in Philadelphia 1852-1854; moved in 1854 to Maine, where he edited the Portland Advertiser and the Kennebec Journal; member, State house of representatives 1859-1862, serving the last two years as speaker; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1863, to July 10, 1876, when he resigned; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Forty-first through Forty-third Congresses); chairman, Committee on Rules (Forty-third through Fortyfifth Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for nomination for President on the Republican ticket in 1876 and 1880; appointed and subsequently elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Lot M. Morrill; reelected and served from July 10, 1876, to March 5, 1881, when he resigned to become Secretary of State; chairman, Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment (Forty-fifth Congress), Committee on Rules (Forty-fifth Congress); Secretary of State in the Cabinets of Presidents James Garfield and Chester Arthur, from March 5 to December 12, 1881; unsuccessful Republican candidate for President of the United States in 1884; Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Benjamin Harrison 1889-1892, when he resigned; aided in organizing and was the first president of the Pan American Congress; died in Washington, D.C., January 27, 1893; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery; reinterment at the request of the State of Maine in the Blaine Memorial Park, Augusta, Maine, in June 1920. Bibliography: Dictionary of American Biography; Blaine, James G. Twenty Years of Congress: From Lincoln to Garfield. 2 vols. Norwich, Conn.: Henry Bill Publishing Co. 1884-1886; Healy, David. James G. Blaine and Latin America. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001.

BLAINE, John James, a Senator from Wisconsin; born on a farm in Wingville Township, Grant County, Wis., May 4, 1875; attended the common schools; was graduated from the law department of Valparaiso (Ind.) University in 1896; was admitted to the bar in 1896 and commenced practice in Montford; moved to Boscobel in 1897 and continued the practice of law; mayor of Boscobel 1901-1904, 1906-1907; member of the Grant County Board of Supervisors 19011904; member, State senate 1909-1913; unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1914; attorney general of the State of Wisconsin 1919-1921; Governor of Wisconsin 1921-1927; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate for the term beginning March 4, 1927, and served from March 4, 1927, to March 3, 1933; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932; resumed the practice of law at Boscobel; appointed a director of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in 1933 and served until his death in Boscobel, Wis., April 16, 1934; interment in Hillside Cemetery. Bibliography: American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography; O’Brien, Patrick. ‘Senator John J. Blaine: An Independent Progressive During ‘Normalcy’.’ Wisconsin Magazine of History 60 (Autumn 1976): 25-41.

BLAIR, Austin, a Representative from Michigan; born in Caroline, Tompkins County, N.Y., February 8, 1818; attended the common schools, Cazenovia Seminary, and Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y.; was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1837; studied law in Oswego; was admitted to the bar in Tioga County, N.Y., in 1841; moved to Michigan and settled in Eaton Rapids, where he commenced the practice of his profession in 1842; county clerk of Eaton County; moved to Jackson, Mich., in 1844; elected to the State house of representatives in 1845; delegate to the Free-Soil National Convention at Buffalo, N.Y., in 1848; elected prosecuting attorney of Jackson County in 1852; elected to the State senate in 1854; was present at the organization of the Republican Party in Jackson, Mich., on July 6, 1854, and was a member of the platform committee; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1860; Governor of Michigan from January 1, 1861, to January 1, 1865; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth, Forty-first, and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1873); chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1872, but was an unsuccessful Liberal Republican candidate for Governor; resumed the practice of law in Jackson, Mich., and died there August 6, 1894; interment in Mount Evergreen Cemetery. Bibliography: Crofts, Daniel W. ‘‘The Blair Bill and the Elections Bill: The Congressional Aftermath to Reconstruction.’’ Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1968; Harris, Robert C. ‘‘Austin Blair of Michigan: A Political Biography.’’ Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University, 1969.

BLAIR, Bernard, a Representative from New York; born in Williamstown, Mass., May 24, 1801; attended the public schools and pursued preparatory studies; was graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., in 1825; moved to Salem, Washington County, N.Y., in 1825; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1828 and commenced practice in Salem, subsequently being admitted as counselor and solicitor in chancery; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); discontinued the practice of his profession and engaged in business pursuits; died in Salem, Washington County, N.Y., May 7, 1880; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

BLAIR, Francis Preston, Jr., a Representative and a Senator from Missouri; born in Lexington, Ky., on February 19, 1821; as a child moved with his father to Washington, D.C.; attended private schools and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; graduated from Princeton College in 1841; studied law at Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky.; admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice in St. Louis in 1843; enlisted as a private during the Mexican War; served as attorney general of the Territory of New Mexico; resumed the practice of law in St. Louis; member, State house of representatives 1852-1856; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); successfully contested the election of John R. Barret to the Thirty-sixth Congress and served from June 8 to June 25, 1860, when he resigned; unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Thirty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation; elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress and served from March 4, 1861, until his resignation in July 1862 to become a colonel in the Union Army; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Thirty-seventh Congress); presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Thirty-eighth Congress and served from March 4, 1863, to June 10, 1864, when he was succeeded by Samuel Knox, who contested the election;